What kind of discipline is management that people often say, and what influence does it have on us?

Abstract: Management activities have existed since ancient times. Today, the world it faces has undergone tremendous changes and will continue to change in the future. Many excellent management theories have been developed in history. As students majoring in business administration, it is necessary for us to fully understand and learn the subject of management. As a dynamic discipline, management can help managers prepare for future management. This article is mainly aimed at Stephen. This paper briefly expounds the main contents of The Management of Robbins (ninth edition), and expresses his own understanding and views.

Keywords: management theory; Manager; Management; Management; know

I. Yesterday and Today of Management

Management and management personnel

1. Management

Management is to accomplish work efficiently and effectively by coordinating and supervising the activities of others in a specific internal and external environment. Efficiency: Get things right. High efficiency should be low waste of resources. Effect: Do the right thing. Efficiency should be the achievement of high goals. Basic management functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

2. Manager

Tell others what to do and how to do it. (Yesterday) To achieve organizational goals by coordinating and supervising other people's activities. (Today) managers need to play ten roles, which can be divided into three categories:

1) Interpersonal roles include people and other ceremonial and symbolic duties, including nominal responsible person, leader and contact person.

Nominal leader: A symbolic leader must fulfill many legal or social obligations. Leadership: responsible for motivating subordinates, staffing, training and related responsibilities.

Contact person: Maintain the external information and sources developed by yourself, and get help and information from them.

2) The function of information transmission includes receiving, collecting and disseminating information. The three roles of information dissemination include listener, disseminator and spokesman.

Listener: Seek and obtain all kinds of internal and external information in order to thoroughly understand the organization and environment. Communicator: Pass the information obtained from outsiders and subordinates to others in the organization. Spokesman: Announce the plans, policies, actions and results of the organization.

3) Decision-making role is a choice-making activity, including four decision-making roles: entrepreneur, chaos driver, resource allocator and negotiator.

Entrepreneur: look for opportunities in the organization and environment, make? Improvement plan? Initiate change. Chaos driver: responsible for taking corrective measures when the organization faces major and unexpected chaos. Resource allocator: responsible for allocating various resources of the organization-making and approving all relevant organizational decisions. Negotiator: as the representative of the organization in major negotiations.

At the same time, managers need to have three skills: technical skills, interpersonal skills and conceptual skills. Technical skills are the skills to complete tasks with certain professional skills and knowledge; Interpersonal communication skills are skills to deal with interpersonal relationships; Conceptual skills are skills to gain insight into enterprises and the environment.

Managers need not only careful thinking, but also practice in management activities, that is, the combination of thought and action can successfully manage.

(B) management theory

At the beginning of the 20th century, with the appearance of classical management theory, Taylor, Fa Yueer and Weber's triangular classical management thought appeared, resulting in scientific management theory, including the development of general administrative management theory with 65,438+04 management principle and authoritative structure and relationship theory. These theories solved many problems in enterprise organization, such as labor relations, management principles and principles, production efficiency and so on, and initially formed the guidance of management ideas and scientific theoretical methods.

Based on these theories, management has been better developed. From the late 1920s to the early 1930s, with the emergence of a worldwide economic crisis, the theoretical stage of behavior management came into being. Some management scholars have begun to study the factors that lead to the decline of enterprise efficiency outside hardware from a micro perspective. During this period, influenced by the behavior management theory, a series of theoretical achievements appeared, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory and McLelland's incentive demand theory. It is worth mentioning that the main points of organizational behavior theory represented by Hawthorne's research are: ① employees are social people; (2) There are informal organizations in enterprises; ③ The new leadership ability lies in improving employee satisfaction. It can also be described as? If, then? Our contingency theory is another object worthy of our attention, which emphasizes that there is no simple and universally applicable management principle, and different and ever-changing situations require managers to use different methods and skills. The four variables emphasized by contingency theory are: ① organization scale, ② regularization degree of task technology, ③ uncertainty of environment and ④ individual difference. Simply put, it tells us that this is the best management method if we are in any case. Because the organization, even the work units in the organization are engaged in diversified work, which is undoubtedly logical. In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, McGregor's X theory and Y theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory and other early incentive theories need attention.

With the development of science and technology and information, management theory is currently facing the problems of globalization, ethics, labor diversification and entrepreneurship, so those of us who are engaged in management in the future should pay attention to knowledge management characterized by learning culture, emphasize continuous learning, and use changing learning organization and quality management (focusing on customers, continuous improvement, focusing on processes, improving work quality, accurate measurement and employee empowerment).

Second, the factors that affect the success or failure of management

Culture and morality

1. culture

Culture mainly refers to organizational culture, which is formed in long-term practical activities, generally recognized and followed by organizational members, and is a synthesis of values, group consciousness, behavior norms and thinking patterns with organizational characteristics. We should believe that although individuals have different backgrounds or different levels, they often use similar terms to describe organizational culture.

The influence of organizational culture on management practice is mainly manifested in four aspects:

1) Impact on the plan: including the risk degree of the plan, the role of individuals in making the plan and the degree of concern for the environment. 2) Impact on the organization: the degree of autonomy of employees, the degree of emphasis on individuals or teams, and the degree of interconnection between departments. 3) Influence on leadership: emphasis on employees' job satisfaction, leadership style, and ways to deal with contradictions. 4) Impact on control: the degree of authorization to employees, the orientation of performance appraisal standards and the response to budget overruns. At present, organizational culture faces four problems: creating moral culture, creating innovative culture, creating a culture that responds to customers and cultivating the spiritual realm of the workplace. As far as my life experience is concerned, I have reason to believe that morality is the most worthy of attention, and it should be one of the key factors affecting the success or failure of anything.

2. Morality

As for management ethics, its definition is the sum of managers' code of conduct and norms, and it is a special professional ethics system established on the basis of general social moral principles. In management, if we only pursue self-interest, but ignore altruism, morality and respect for others' self-interest, and only insist that we are the purpose and do whatever it takes, the result will inevitably lead to a kind of? Everyone's war against everyone? State, the relationship between people becomes? The relationship between wolves and wolves? Successful management is impossible to achieve. Most successful people in life can recognize the relationship between self-interest and altruism to varying degrees and follow it? If you want to be selfish, you have to be altruistic? ,? You want to be a means to an end? Justice and equality are the fundamental ways to solve the contradiction between self-interest and altruism.

My short life experience so far has made me understand a truth. Only theory and system can't create miracles. Theory and system are only one condition to realize justice and rationality, and success is inseparable from another condition, that is, morality. System and theory only generally restrict the behavior of working members from the outside, while morality is to shape the quality of members' heartfelt obedience and compliance with the system from the inside and stimulate the noble spirit of pursuing fairness and justice. It can be said that all systems and rules are external mechanisms of management, and they are all compiled according to the same theory. The systems of major companies are similar, because all systems are compiled on the basis of one purpose-successful management and profitability. Morality, on the other hand, is an internal mechanism to regulate management and a more fundamental thing.

(b) Managers themselves

1. Know how to communicate.

Managers who can use feedback, simplify language, actively listen, control emotions and pay attention to nonverbal prompts in communication can ensure effective communication with the managed objects. At the same time, a successful manager should master the methods of cross-departmental communication, use gossip and methods of dealing with gossip, so that the management work can be carried out more successfully. Without communication, there is no management, and there is no communication. Management is just a hypothesis, a mechanical behavior lacking vitality. Communication is the lifeline of enterprise organization. Like blood vessels in organisms, it runs through every part and link of the whole body, promotes body circulation, provides various nutrients and forms a living organism.

As long as we keep good communication with employees, let employees participate and form a bottom-up rather than top-down operating mechanism within the enterprise, we can realize real management. As long as everyone has the same goal, Qi Xin will work together and unite as one, all the goals of the enterprise will be achieved. In that way, the company will earn more money, employees will work harder and be happier, enterprises will become stronger and bigger, and more wealth will be created for the society.

2. Know how to motivate employees

Encouraging employees must be well combined with employees' motivation to participate in work. We can refer to the early incentive theory mentioned above and the contemporary incentive theory not mentioned above: three needs theory, goal setting theory, reinforcement theory, work design with incentive function, fairness theory and expectation theory.

Of course, in actual management, it is inappropriate to treat and apply the above theories in isolation, and there is no simple causal relationship between motivation and performance in practice. In order to make the incentive produce the expected effect, we must consider a series of comprehensive factors such as reward content, reward system, organizational division of labor, goal setting and fair assessment, and pay attention to the feedback of personal satisfaction in our efforts. It should be noted that all incentive theories are universal, and each employee has his own characteristics, and their individual variables such as needs, personalities, expectations and goals are different. Therefore, leaders should adopt different methods according to the different characteristics of employees when applying incentive theory.

In modern society, we should design a novel incentive scheme to improve employees' satisfaction and performance. For example: flexible working hours (compressed working week, flexible working system), job sharing, telecommuting, performance pay scheme, account opening management, etc.

Under the situation of rapid economic development, enterprises can attract talents by formulating and implementing effective employee incentive mechanism, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of employees, and make enterprises invincible.

Three. conclusion

(A) The main conclusions of this paper

This paper attempts to provide a useful reference for better learning and understanding management science by briefly expounding Management Science (9th Edition). At the same time, I am convinced that through the writing of this article, I have deepened my understanding of diversified management, laid the foundation for the next study and provided convenience.

(B) the shortcomings of this paper and further prospects

Due to the limitation of time, space and my understanding, this paper only briefly expounds some contents of Management (9th Edition) and some superficial personal understanding, and does not discuss some aspects in depth. At the same time, because it is the first time to write a paper, there are inevitably shortcomings in the discussion. Learning is a step-by-step process, and no one can do it overnight. The understanding of management will be further deepened with future learning, and the skills of writing papers will be further matured through practice. I have reason to believe that in the near future, I can see my better study results.

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