Before Darwin's Origin of Species came out, there was no need to discuss the origin of human nature, because man was made by God (or other gods similar to God) and was made in the image of God. So, people themselves
With a little "divinity", but relative to the perfection of God, people always appear greedy, selfish and cruel, but there is no reason to attribute these to "animality" (because people have nothing to do with animals), so Satan came into being.
The temptation of magic has become the root of human obsession. In this way, human nature seems to be eternal or almost eternal. This theory has existed for at least 1000 years. We could have continued, but there was a man named Dahl.
The man of Wen was finally born. Darwin's greatest contribution to the world is to reveal the animality of human beings. The basis of theology-God created the world-suddenly became ethereal, and the essence of human nature changed greatly. first
First of all, human nature can't be static, or even difficult to change slowly (from a historical perspective, of course). Because the ancient ape, the distant ancestor of mankind, is far from "human nature", human nature is bound to grow from scratch.
Some drastic changes. Moreover, because the boundary between man and ape is vague, it is difficult to trace this radical change process. But one thing is certain, that is, the ultimate performance of human nature is not determined by the growing intelligence of human beings.
Brain, but depends on the increasingly complex social relations of human beings, and human nature can only be fully expressed in social relations. This is the so-called "social attribute" in human nature. However, due to human biological nature, human beings inevitably have the same biological attributes. At least for a long time after the origin of human beings, the other side of human nature-natural or biological attributes-must have a large degree of animality, and the ugly point is "animality." Animal nature includes the innate greed, selfishness and cruelty of this creature. follow
With the gradual development of human society, economy and culture, human society is also making continuous progress. One of the manifestations is that social relations are becoming more and more complicated, or that human beings are getting closer and closer, and the degree of mutual need between human beings.
People's social attributes are becoming more and more prominent in human nature, and the negative factors in people's natural attributes are gradually replaced by positive factors produced by economic and cultural development, which is becoming more and more obvious. Finally, one day, the positive side of human nature
Factors overcame negative factors, barbarism ended and civilization came. 2. Looking at the historical change process of human nature from "cannibalism", Mr. Lu Xun said that human nature has class nature. In view of the admiration of netizens for Lu Xun, I believe I don't need to explain this. But I think, fundamentally speaking, human nature is historical, and class nature is only a concrete manifestation of history. produce
What is the most cruel and inhuman thing in the world? I think it's probably "cannibalism" In the eyes of young ladies and gentlemen who grew up in our city, it seems that "this matter should only be found in animals, and how many times can it be heard?"
But we just know that some tribes in the world still have the habit of eating people. Although the Maori have been civilized these years and may not eat people very much, at least I know of a tribe (whose name has been forgotten) that has a "food burial"
The custom of burying the dead in one's own stomach. Some netizens may find it disgusting, "mob", "inhuman" and "outrageous", but in other people's places, it is simply right not to eat corpses.
Insulting the deceased, although I believe that this custom will definitely disappear after a period of economic and cultural indoctrination, under the current circumstances, we seem to be unable to blame others too much because they simply do not exist.
The concept of "cannibalism is inhuman", or the economic and cultural level of this tribe has not yet developed to the point where cannibalism is regarded as uncivilized. In fact, in China, every famine in ancient times, people "changed hands".
The record of "eating" is that you cannot eat your own food. Give it to my son. Cruel? There is no way, but also the instinctive reaction of "survival" in human nature. A son can be reborn after eating, but a child can't live after an adult dies.
Well, eat or die. In other words, the level of social and economic development can also make human beings regard cannibalism as a feasible thing. Later, although the culture developed, cannibalism was indeed regarded as a scandal, but it still happened in disaster years.
Health, which shows that economic development is the leading factor in the development of human nature. However, the development of culture is by no means insignificant in the development of human nature. Zhang Xun, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, rejected hundreds of thousands of An Lushan rebels with thousands of manpower in Suiyang, and finally ran out of food.
Absolutely. He killed a concubine and several servants and children to feed the soldiers. Later, it was repeatedly criticized, indicating that culture played a role in human nature. China has a "splendid culture of 5,000 years".
"Ancient civilization", the state of etiquette is still so, and other places are not much stronger. Europe is better. Because it is a nomadic people, the population is relatively small, and food is not very scarce. More importantly, there are Greeks and Romans.
Influenced by the main civilization, cannibalism seems unheard of, but other "mob" behaviors are not necessarily few. For example, the so-called "witches", such as the persecution of Muslims by the Crusaders. In fact, the God of the West-Jehovah himself should come back.
Join the so-called "mob" in this forum: In order to free Israel from the rule of "pagan" Egyptians, his old man killed the eldest sons of all Egyptian families overnight and even became the firstborn animal (dragon beast).
They did not let go, and later drowned more than 200,000 Egyptian pursuers in the Red Sea. The parishioners edified by such teachings are not necessarily much better than the docile subjects edified by Confucius' "benevolence, righteousness and morality". But with words,
The human liberation movement of artistic revival and the great development of humanities, as well as the economic development brought by the subsequent accumulation of capitalist capital, especially the rapid development after the industrial revolution, suddenly left the world behind. Since then, what?
Love and equality, democracy and freedom swarmed in, and the level of "human nature" was pushed to an unprecedented height, which finally formed our widely accepted view of human nature. Therefore, we can think that the development of human nature is always restricted by economic and cultural development. Aside from the human nature of the economic and cultural foundation, it can only be a castle in the air. 3. Look at history with the humanity of history. The modern view of human nature is based on modern civilization and under the conditions of democracy and legal system. The ancient view of human nature was based on the civilization and social relations at that time. We can neither think that the ancient view of human nature is the truth, nor have the modern view of human nature to demand and evaluate the ancients. along with
Before reading history books, the most disgusting thing was to add "due to historical limitations" to everything. For example, Yue Fei never forgets to mention his foolish loyalty. I thought it was funny at the time. Do we still need Yue Fei to talk about democracy? But then I finally understood
The so-called historical limitation is not used to criticize Yue Fei (at least, it should not be used), but to remind us of history, pay attention to the difference between ancient morality and modern morality, and pay attention to eliminating ancient morality when learning from history.
The part of human nature that is incompatible with modern society. In addition, we may feel stupid when we look at the behavior of the ancients. But you should know that the real human civilization is only a few thousand years old, and it is unexpected.
Outside, human beings have at least several billion years to develop. In contrast, human civilization is still in the primary stage. Later generations of constantly chauffeured look at our so-called democratic science today, will certainly feel childish and ridiculous, and we may
I feel how perfect and correct my democratic thought is. So for the ancients, they also felt that their "sage theory" was perfect. When criticizing the ancients, we should think more about the specific society in which they lived.
Under the social and ideological conditions at that time, is there really a better way for them to choose? If not, don't blame them with our modern ideas. Of course, at the same time, we should also understand that their ideas are not in line with the present.
Throw away things instead of socializing. we know
Tao, a feudal society in China, experienced such an economic cycle process in every dynasty: land redistribution-land annexation-highly centralized land ownership-peasant war (or foreign invasion)-land redistribution.
Match. Once land ownership is highly concentrated, political corruption and economic stagnation will inevitably occur. For the farmer living at that time, everything was enough for him.
Children cannot survive. Therefore, only when the "rabble". If everyone
Admit that this is a historical necessity, then we can't criticize this seemingly cruel practice with today's eyes. Of course, we can't use the previous view of human nature to solve the current social problems. Many things that were understandable at that time are unacceptable in today's society, such as food burial. We can neither blame the ancients for their different views on human nature, nor think that we should move their practices to today without blaming the ancients. The only way to eliminate the "mob" soil is to develop economy, democracy and legal system, so that China people's view of human nature can adapt to modern civilized society.
Yes Instead of fighting the movement of the ancients at the expense of the roots. I said so much. Due to the limited theoretical level, the words used are not satisfactory. Please forgive me.