Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, international intelligence activities have not decreased, but have intensified, involving not only the traditional political and military fields, but also the economic, scientific and even cultural fields. Countries compete or cooperate with each other, hoping to grasp the advantages of intelligence prophets to ensure their best interests. "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle; He who knows heaven and earth can win all. " Is still the * * * method of all wars on earth.
The Book of Changes is the head of the group classics and the source of the avenue, and hundred schools of thought, including Sun Tzu's Art of War, is deeply influenced by it. This paper analyzes Sun Tzu's thought of practical learning, and probes into the road of practical learning in 2 1 century.
Hou Jian xing Shi
As we all know, the importance of intelligence warfare lies in that it is the basis of all military plans and actions, and its performance often determines the final outcome. "A wise man has wisdom, so he wins by moving. Success comes from many people, and so does the prophet. Sun Tzu pointed out at the beginning of the article that the key to the victory or defeat of the war lies in understanding the enemy's situation, and concluded at the end of the article: "The importance of this soldier depends on the support of the three armed forces. 」
Divination in the Book of Changes means prediction, foreknowledge, preparation, prevention and entertainment, with the same purpose. The hexagram said, "We should build a Hou Shihang." Division operations, first of all, to establish an intelligence network, extensive search for the enemy. Hou was one of the five ancient knights. The emperor appointed governors and enfeoffed the world, so he had to observe the seclusion of the people and report it to the Central Committee for reference. The meaning of the word "Hou" is associated with climate, natural changes and world behavior to avoid misfortune. The characters in Yu's novels are all from left to right, self-centered, and fully explore the mystery of the universe and its relationship with me. Nowadays, the intelligence war of the world's great powers has developed to the five-dimensional detection of Skynet on land, sea and air, and satellite photography, telecom monitoring and network stealing can be described as doing everything possible. In addition to the political, economic and military activities of enemy countries and friendly countries, the detection target also extends to the fields of global counter-terrorism, ecological pollution prevention, supply and demand utilization of energy and water resources.
Divination in Henan province is like an earthquake knocking down Kun, and the earthquake is a positive action. Kun represents all the people in the country, so he has the image of mobilizing the masses and establishing an organization. Bu Xiang said, "As soon as the thunder came out, my late king gladly worshipped virtue and recommended God to match his ancestors. At the solemn ancestor worship ceremony, the participants were deeply moved and vowed to be diligent and full of enthusiasm for dedication and struggle. The image of Fenzi is a big bird, folding its wings and ready to fly in the field. If you don't fly, you will fly to the sky. If you don't sing, you will be a blockbuster. Professional intelligence workers at all times and all over the world generally need such aspirations and feelings. The English version of the Book of Changes translated Yu hexagrams into "enthusiasm", which is quite vivid.
According to the divination order of the Book of Changes, divination first followed by modesty, and the combination of the two hexagrams is actually a two-sided relationship. Modesty is a combination of words with the meaning of balancing the interests of all parties and peaceful existence, which is different from the self-centeredness of fish and melon. However, real world peace is too difficult to achieve, and people often advocate peace while preparing for war. On the surface, they call each other brothers, but secretly calculate. The Art of War by Wu Tao? Revelation 13 has a cloud: "The stork should strike, fly low and fold its wings;" "Beasts can fight and bow their heads; Sages are stupid when they move. They are all under the appearance of humility and low-key, implying a deep murder. Hou Shihang was built in Yu Gua, and at the end of Qian Gua's development, the image of a sword and soldier appeared: the five hexagrams were named "invasion by use" and the upper hexagrams were named "expropriation by use". "After the end of the cold war, the spy sea is still full of twists and turns, which is why.
"Biography of Yu Gua" said: "Heaven and earth run in the right direction, so the sun and the moon are just right, but the four seasons are not special. The movements of the sun, the moon and the stars all have their fixed orbits, and the time series changes from cold to summer are rarely wrong, so the astronomical phenomena can be accurately predicted. People are erratic and unpredictable, so it is very difficult to fully grasp the enemy situation on the battlefield. Therefore, the operational plan based on intelligence must be flexible, and once it is inconsistent with the actual situation, it is necessary to improvise. According to the order of hexagrams, Yu hexagrams are the latter hexagrams, which is precisely for this purpose. The Oracle said, "If you are prepared, you will succeed. If you have Chongqing, you will be blameless. At the beginning of the divination, he said, "Officials have Chongqing and Zhen Ji, and they have made meritorious deeds." Chongqing is changing, so it should be as flexible as water. Never stick to the rules and stick to your own opinions. In fact, there are countless cases of failure due to intelligence errors or headstrong decision makers. [Note 1] At the end of the ninth chapter, Sun Tzu said, "Practice ink and fight with the enemy." This is a wise statement.
Make a quick decision
Intelligence gathering needs to send more spies, making it more difficult to judge intelligence. In the above-mentioned many failed cases, many people's information is correct, but no one believes it. For example, during World War II, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union on a large scale, which caused great losses to Russia because Stalin did not believe it. The fourth divination is the vibration of the divination master. He said, "There is no doubt that there will be a lot of gains from Yu." Listen to the correct intelligence warning and take preventive measures quickly. The third center had no owner, hesitated and hesitated, and finally regretted it. Its slogan is: "I regret it; It's late, I regret it. " Looking at it, hoping to see it as clearly as possible, but repeatedly delaying the opportunity to act, obviously there is something wrong with the judgment. [Note 2]
The second divination is a model of decisiveness. The advertising language says: "Between stones, it is arrogant and original. On weekdays, I am objective and calm, and I am calm in the middle. Once the opportunity comes, I will solve the problem immediately. Confucius praised this idea in "Biography of Cohesion": "Knowing the opportunity is wonderful! A gentleman's friendship is not flattering, and his friendship is not blasphemous. Machine, micro-motion, auspicious foresight. A gentleman plays it by ear, not getting up all day, but using it all day. You can't possibly know! A gentleman knows subtlety, gentleness and firmness, and all people's hopes. Wise people are not affected by feelings, pursue the truth, see a little sign, and can infer the general trend of future development, and will not delay for a minute. This kind of person is suitable for being a leader and is expected by thousands of people. The biography of divination emphasizes "not being expert", and also says: "it is of great significance to prepare for the time!" Intelligence gathering, judgment, decision-making and action must be accurate and timely.
In fact, the world is complicated, and the information we can observe at any moment is local and constantly changing, so it is neither possible nor necessary to pursue perfection. The wisdom of situation judgment lies in seeing the big from the small, seeing the big from the small, and understanding the overall structure from the tip of the iceberg. "Biography of Cohesion" said that looking up and looking down, we can know its quiet and clear reason; Sun Tzu's temple calculation theory only says that it is better to calculate more than less, and it is better not to calculate less. It can be seen that there is no complete calculation in the world. With the rapid development of information and communication technology, a large amount of information can be found in open channels in intelligence activities in today's world, and then the ability of screening, analysis and comprehensive judgment will be more important. [Note 3]
Sun Tzu discussed five rooms in the usage section. No matter whether he uses himself or his enemies, he will probably fight for his life and collect information from various secret sources. At the end of the article, taking Yi Yin and Jiang Shang as examples, it is said that the so-called "between wisdom and wisdom" is better than judging the situation beyond customs. Such a wise man can find out the truth and make great contributions as long as he goes deep into the enemy camp. [Note 4] When using space, a person must have the ability to verify and excellent wisdom. This is what Sun Zi emphasized: "Non-intelligent people can't use space, non-benevolent people can't use space, and non-subtle people can't get the truth of space." [Note 5]
Back to the secret, not the track.
Confidentiality is the first priority in intelligence work, and once major secrets are leaked, it will be enough to subjugate the country. Sun Tzu said, "Nothing is a secret. He also called: "Before it happens, the first person who hears it dies. For the sake of overall safety, I would rather sacrifice spies and kill them. On this point, many military strategists in past dynasties have emphasized it. The Art of War by Long Tao? Yin Fu said, "Anyone who is appointed to perform his duties, who is absent, will be punished if he reveals anything, and those who hear it will be prosecuted. "The famous Tang Dynasty Excavate's Gong Wei Art of War collection? There is a saying in the "Art of War": "These five rooms should be kept secret, and they should be valued and rewarded. It is feasible to keep them secret." [Note 6] Li Zhi, "God's mechanism is too white and silent? Pedestrians also said: "The most important person in the army is a pedestrian. No one has leaked the pedestrian's plan, the accusers are all dead, and the internal plan has not been leaked. Pedestrians are spies. In ancient times, they were in charge of diplomatic missions. In modern countries, diplomatic embassies are actually spy bases, covering intelligence activities in a legal way. [Note 7]
"divination" begins with a clear statement: "it is fierce to announce." "Little Elephant Biography" explains: "I put all my eggs in one basket and am fierce." Public propaganda is premeditated, why not fierce? All intentions are no longer feasible. There is also a divination in the Book of Changes, which also emphasizes the importance of confidentiality. At the beginning, he said, "There is no blame for staying at home. Confucius stated in Cohesive Biography: "When things go wrong, words make sense. If you don't kiss, you will lose your minister; If I don't keep secrets, I lose my virginity; If the secret is not secret, it is harmful; Because a gentleman is careful not to go out. 」
In the Book of Changes, the most important thing is to keep secrets. What you don't want to be known is hexagrams. For the wind, for the entrance, for the ambush, the wind is pervasive and invisible, and it is difficult to identify and track at any time, just like infiltration, squatting, undercover and infiltration in spy war. According to the divination order, the journey is before the divination, and the redemption is after the divination. Travel divination wandering, living without a fixed place, entering from the outside, infiltrating and subverting successfully, it is time to harvest and show. At all times and in all countries, such cases can be described as going down in history. Sun Tzu said in an essay: "It's very small! Do everything. " One sentence tells the truth. In order to effectively prevent the enemy's discovery and infiltration, we must also cleverly hide our own strength and resource distribution, so there is a proposition in the "Virtual and Real Articles": "The shape of soldiers is extremely invisible; Invisible, unfathomable, and the wise can't ask for it. " Turning intangible into intangible is the basic principle of row-to-row and reverse-row, infiltration and reverse osmosis.