Writing an article is a comprehensive practical activity, which requires not only certain reading and writing knowledge, but also specific writing methods, correct thinking and rich factual materials. These are what we call "laws". If you want to write a good composition, it is very important to have a solid basic skill, and you should not be impatient or careless. After persistent hard study and practice, you will get good grades over time.
If you study hard in Chinese class, if you have carefully read the writing knowledge that meets the requirements of junior high school students, and if you have done scientific writing training inside and outside class, then you should have a thoughtful plan for the senior high school entrance examination.
Here, we also want to talk about the problems that should be paid attention to after getting the composition questions, hoping to help you successfully take the exam and achieve ideal results.
(a) Examine the problem carefully
Examining questions is the first step in the composition process. The quality of this step will determine whether the whole content meets the requirements and whether the idea can be carried out in the right direction. It is not uncommon for a thousand miles to make a mistake, and it is not common for the senior high school entrance examination to be irrelevant because of unclear examination questions. In the case of good basic skills in composition, as long as the article conforms to the meaning of the question, the performance of second-class articles can generally be guaranteed.
So how to judge the meaning of the problem? In general, the following points should be noted:
1. Identify styles.
Few questions can be written in multiple styles. Generally speaking, there is only one style suitable for a topic. The first step in the examination is to judge the style. When judging style, we should pay attention to the following rules:
(1) The literariness of narrative title generally involves six elements of narrative. For example, the night of National Day involves time, the way to school involves place, the guests from my home involve place, people and things, and the change of hometown involves the development and ending of things. The words "people", "things" and "notes" that appear directly in the title are the symbols of narrative.
(2) Words such as "Yi", "Lun", "Tan" and "Debate" often appear in argumentative essays, and some of them are composed of phrases such as "Wu Cong", "Si Cong" and "Say Cong". Some argumentative topics are sentences expressing opinions, such as "Don't be afraid of difficulties" and "Don't be afraid of difficulties", which are easier to judge.
(3) There is little discussion in the senior high school entrance examination, and even if there is, there are usually stylistic hints. Practical writing questions clearly require writing notices, notices, letters, etc.
2. See the requirements of the topic clearly.
Generally speaking, the composition questions in the senior high school entrance examination have clear provisions on style, number of words and expression in the "requirements" item. We must be clear about the content of the "requirements" and strictly implement them.
For example (1992 Beijing senior high school entrance examination questions)
Theme: growing up in the sun
Requirements: (1) Write a narrative and use the expression of argument appropriately.
(2) The real name and school name shall not appear in the text.
(3) 500 ~ 800 words, less than 500 or more than 800, 0.5 points for every 25 words.
The above requirements should be said to be very specific and clear, but there are still a few candidates who have such and such problems in the actual exam, which must be paid attention to.
3. Pay attention to the hidden content in the topic
The requirements clearly put forward in the examination questions are obvious and must be followed correctly, but some requirements are hidden behind the superficial words and need to be realized by the candidates themselves. For example, the sunshine in Growing up in the Sun, of course, does not refer to the sunshine in nature, but should be understood as the care of the party, the warmth of the collective, the affection between family and friends and so on. My footprint is not to describe the real footprint, but to write meaningful events on the road of growth and progress. For some materials provided in the composition topic, we should pay more attention to the careful analysis by means of generalization, extension and analogy to understand the metaphorical or symbolic meaning of the topic.
(2) Properly conceived
After the exam, you should make appropriate ideas according to the requirements of the topic. The so-called conception is the center and theme of the article. In the narrative, "conception" is the central idea to be expressed in the notes; In argumentative writing, "conception" refers to establishing the central argument of the article.
There are three main requirements for conception:
The first is to be distinct. What the article praises, criticizes, advocates and opposes should be clear-cut, and should not be vague or ambiguous.
The second is to be correct. The requirements for conception in the composition scoring standard of senior high school entrance examination are: narrative "healthy thoughts and feelings" and argumentative "correct views", which are the most basic requirements and should be seriously implemented.
Third, we should strive to be novel, profound and creative. This is a higher requirement on the basis of the first two. The article should be written with originality and depth. Don't repeat the topic that others have said many times, and don't talk about the matter. Give it a try. We should also pay attention to the times and pertinence of our thoughts.
(3) Write an outline
After the center of the article is determined, we should consider which materials to choose, how to organize the materials and how to structure the full text. An important thing to do in this thinking process is to write an outline. Just like drawing a picture before building a house, before writing, you should set up a shelf for the article and list in words what has been implemented in the examination, conception and conception. Therefore, the process of writing an outline is actually a process of sorting out ideas, sorting out materials and organizing structure.
The outline should truly reflect your own ideas, with clear thinking, clear hierarchy, conciseness and to the point, and highlight the main points of each part of the article. As for the detailed arrangement of the article, it can be further implemented in the writing process. In the process of writing, it is found that the outline is inappropriate and can be further revised.
There is no fixed format for writing an outline. Because of different styles, the outline should be written in different ways. For example, narratives can be written in the order of time and space or the process of event development; General argumentative essays can be arranged in three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion, reflecting the relationship between arguments and arguments; The explanatory text should grasp the characteristics of the explanatory object and be written in space, time or logical order.
The following is the outline of an essay:
Narration: "Unusual Examination" (199 1 year, the senior high school entrance examination in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province)
Title requirements: (1) Write a narrative with appropriate discussion.
(2) The number of words shall not be less than 600.
(3) Where the school name, school name and school address are involved, it shall be replaced by ××.
Outline: (1) beginning: talk about the topic. There are all kinds of exams on the road of life, and I have experienced two unusual exams.
(2) Main part: 1. Work hard-prepare for the entrance examination of ballet school.
2. Helping others on rainy nights-what happened the night before the exam?
3. Meet unexpectedly-I sprained my foot on the way
4. Failure in the exam-the result of foot injury
(3) Conclusion: My opinion on this matter-I failed the dance exam and handed in the correct answer sheet in the life exam.
(4) Writing calmly
After writing the outline, it's time to start writing. Pay attention to the following points when writing:
1. Pay attention to language expression
After an article has a clear center and reasonable thinking, the ultimate success or failure depends on the ability to use language and characters. The basic requirement for the language in the composition scoring standard of senior high school entrance examination is "fluency, no ill sentences". There are clear provisions on the language of Beijing senior high school entrance examination scoring standard. Sentences with 1-3 can still be rated as Class II, and sentences with 4-6 belong to Class III. Therefore, language fluency is extremely important. The language requirements of different styles have been explained in detail in the previous guide to the volume, so I won't repeat them here. No matter what style, the language should be accurate and concise.
2. Use punctuation accurately.
Punctuation marks are an indispensable part of an article. Inaccurate punctuation may lead to ambiguity of words; The irregular use of punctuation marks will affect the expression effect of the whole article. Therefore, we should pay enough attention to writing. Pay attention to the rules when using punctuation marks, such as: period, question mark, exclamation mark, pause, comma, semicolon and colon (collectively referred to as "dot") cannot be placed at the beginning of a line; Quotes, brackets, and the first half of the title cannot be placed at the end of the line, and the second half cannot be placed at the beginning of the line; Both dashes and ellipses should occupy two spaces, and dashes or ellipses cannot be divided into two lines. The omission point is six o'clock and so on.
3. The handwriting should be clear and neat, and don't write typos.
The writing situation of examination composition directly affects the overall impression of the marking teacher and also affects the composition score. Candidates must have enough knowledge about this. According to the "Beijing Senior High School Entrance Examination Composition Scoring Standard", 0.5 points will be deducted for every 2 words of typos, with a maximum deduction of 3 points; If the full text is extremely scribbled and illegible, 2 points will be deducted, and 1 point will be deducted if the text is scribbled or the format is incorrect. Don't underestimate this 1 point and 2 points. Sometimes, this small difference in scores may directly affect the final result of your further study. The neatness and standardization of writing is not a day's work, so we should be strict and consciously trained at ordinary times.
4. Pay attention to time and limit the number of words.
Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the time three times in the whole composition process. Once, before you start writing, look at the available writing time and decide the writing speed according to the total time; Once, the initial idea is completed, depending on how long it takes to formally write; In the middle of the third time, see how much time there is, so as to decide whether to expand the full text as planned, whether to compress, adjust and simplify the content.
The number of words in the composition is generally clearly defined in the examination questions, which can be roughly divided into three situations: first, setting an upper limit, such as "no more than how many words" and "within how many words"; The second is to set a lower limit, such as "not less than how many words". In both cases, the word limit must be strictly enforced. Third, the upper and lower limits are defined, such as "left and right" and "between", and the left and right range depends on the intermediate number itself: generally speaking, the word 100 to 200 should not be greater than the word 10; 300 to 500 words, each article should not be more than 20 words; 600 to 800 words, each article should not be more than 30 words. (Punctuation marks should be counted)
The number of words in the composition should be familiar with the overall layout. Generally speaking, the main part of the propositional composition should account for 70% of the full text, and the beginning and end should account for15% respectively; For writing materials, if you want to quote materials at the beginning, the beginning can be increased to 25% ~ 30%, the main part should be at least 65%, and the end can be appropriately reduced.
(5) Check and modify
After writing the article, you must check and revise it. In principle, the revision of the article should be carried out from three aspects: ideological content, structure and language. However, it is impossible to have time to make major adjustments and changes after writing the exam composition. Therefore, the focus of revision should be the problems in the article. Errors such as missing words, typos, typos, and sick sentences should be corrected in time and minimized to avoid undue losses. A simple and feasible modification method is "silent reading". Read it word for word, and modify it at any time if you find any problems.
The on-site answer sheet of composition is conducted in a limited time, but the quality of the answer sheet depends on the long-term efforts before the exam, which reflects the examinee's usual language learning ability. Therefore, if you want to achieve satisfactory results on the spot, you must do it in peacetime. If there is a "secret" in composition, it is what Mr. Lu Xun said: "Read more, think more, read more and write more."
How to write a beautiful composition for the senior high school entrance examination
A beautiful composition for the senior high school entrance examination should be like a beautiful girl-she should have a pair of beautiful eyes, a beautiful face, a beautiful heart, a plump figure, a decent dress and a pair of strong legs and feet. Such a girl will be loved by everyone, and such a composition will get full marks. Therefore, to write a beautiful composition for the senior high school entrance examination, we must-
First, practice a pair of magical eyes-draw up a good topic.
A good title should be novel and attractive. The methods are: abnormal method. That is to draw up a topic that seems contrary to common sense. This kind of topic has the function of attracting people to explore. Such as "haste makes waste" and "Blue Leaves". 2. Formula method. That is, questions written in mathematical formulas. This topic is novel and unique, full of philosophy. Such as quality education ≠ playing tricks, 8- 1 > 8, etc. 3. Homophonic method. That is, to borrow words with the same or similar pronunciation. This topic is very humorous. For example, "be brave", "Wei" and "Wei" are homophones, and "pro" and "light" are homophones. 4. Borrowing method. That is to borrow the title of a movie, a song or a proverb. This kind of topic can approach the reader. For example, the title of "Who is the coolest in a thousand years" was changed to the title of a shadow song by borrowing the title of "Love Fight to Win", and the saying "The ruler is short, the inch is long" was borrowed. 5. analogy method. That is, the topic drawn up by rhetorical methods such as metaphor and personification. This kind of topic is very vivid. For example, I signed the contract confidently by personification, loyalty: I used metaphor to communicate the bridge of friendship, and I used metonymy to call Lei Feng in the times. Why did corruption fail with rhetorical questions, was unknown on the list, and had a dual road at my feet? How could I use palindrome to be false, and I used the real "all for one, all for one"? 6. suspense method. That is, to draw up the title in a way that arouses readers' appetite. This kind of topic has the effect of "car accident gratitude" and "face twice". 7. Fashion Law. That is, a topic drawn up with current popular events or words. This topic has a strong flavor of the times. Such as "Li Bai surfing the Internet" and "QQ Storm".
Second, design a beautiful face-make a good start.
The beginning should be as beautiful as a girl's face and attract people to read it. The methods are: 1, starting with beautiful and concise language. You can write a whole sentence, a whole sentence, a poem or sentence, or a description. 2. Start with a simple question. . For example, The Wish begins: "This wish has been buried in my mind for a long time." A short sentence is to the point, which can be described as cherishing ink like gold and being clean and neat. 3. Let's talk about suspense first. This is also called flashback. Such as the beginning of Zhu Ziqing's Back. 4. Start with strong lyricism. This is also called "expressing one's mind" method. For example, who is the cutest person begins. 5. Start with an inscription in philosophy. "Inscription" can be in one's own language or a famous saying.
Third, shape a good attitude and set up a good theme.
The determined theme strives for novelty on the correct basis. This can be done in two ways. 1, establish a theme with the characteristics of the times. Such as building a harmonious society, building a conservation-oriented society, "Shenzhou VI" flying, the Olympic Games, bird flu, tax reduction and income increase in rural areas, quality education in schools, reducing costs and increasing production in factories, etc. We reflect the above themes by writing familiar themes, and the center of the article has the characteristics of the times. 2. Establish a theme that has its own unique feelings and can inspire people. For example, the change from "pause", "comma" to "exclamation point" in the perfect composition "Time of Life" truly reflects the gradual change of the author's thoughts, fully shows the author's positive spirit and can inspire people to keep forging ahead.
Fourth, forge a plump figure-write in the middle.
This includes selecting materials and arranging structures. The middle part should be as plump as a girl's chest. The methods are: 1, more facts, less discussion; 2, more details, less generalization; 3. There should be more novel materials, and the old things should be discarded; 4. More true feelings, less false feelings; 5. There should be more performance angles to avoid monotonous angles; 6. There should be more sentence patterns, and the same sentence patterns should be changed; 7. There are too many waves in the story, so it's time for straightforward writing. In short, it should be colorful.
Fifth, cut a pair of decent clothes-use good language.
The language should be novel and literary. The method is as follows: 1. The combination of whole and scattered sentence patterns and the collocation of long and short sentences can make sentences catchy; 2. Quoting poems and songs can add color to sentences; 3. Using personification metaphor can make sentences vivid; 4. Using the spoken language of the masses can make sentences lively and full of life; 5. Anti-adaptation can make sentences humorous.
Sixth, temper a pair of strong legs and feet-the collection ending.
The ending should be as beautiful and powerful as a girl's leg, crisp and neat. The methods are: 1. Make the finishing point. That is, the end. This ending can make the theme of the article clear. There are many ways to ask questions: lyricism, hope, reasoning, certainty, sentiment, metaphor, call, and famous songs. 2. Echo the beginning and the end. This ending can make the article look complete and seamless. 3. Narrative event ending. That is, it ends with the end of things. This ending can make the article appear subtle. 4. Describe the ending of the scenery. This ending can set off the theme.
In short, a "girl" can only be "radiant" if she has both form and spirit.