All references are arranged at the back of the text in the order in which they appear, and their serial numbers are marked in the form of labels at the upper right corner of the text. The main format is as follows:
Periodical category: [serial number] author, document name, publication name, publication time, volume (issue): citation page.
Monograph category: [serial number] author. Monograph title. Name of publishing house, place and time of publication: citation page.
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Writing standard of graduation thesis format for undergraduates of Southwest Forestry University
Graduation thesis (design) is the last important learning link for students before graduation, and it is an important process of deepening and sublimation of learning. It is not only a comprehensive summary of students' learning, research and practice achievements, but also a comprehensive test of students' quality and ability, and it is also an important basis for students' graduation qualification and degree qualification certification. In order to improve the quality of graduation thesis (design) of our college students, standardize the writing, printing and binding format of the thesis, and facilitate the preservation, retrieval, utilization and communication, this specification is formulated.
First, the basic structure of graduation thesis (design)
A complete graduation thesis (design) should be composed of title, author, Chinese abstract, foreign abstract, key words, table of contents, preface, text, conclusion, main references, tutor introduction, thanks and appendix. If there is a design, there should be a design drawing.
1, title
The title should be short, clear and general. Title words should be appropriate, not more than 20 words. If you must put some details in the title, it can be divided into main title and subtitle.
2. Paper abstract or design overview
The abstract summarizes the content of the research topic in a concise form. The Chinese abstract is about 300 words, and the foreign abstract is about 250 substantive words. In order to facilitate literature retrieval, the keywords in this paper should be marked on a separate line below the abstract. Key words should conform to the subject classification, generally 2 ~ 4, each word is a professional noun (or phrase), and each word is within 6 words.
The general description of design mainly introduces the source of design tasks, design standards, design principles and main technical data. The number of Chinese words should be within 1500 ~ 2000, and the number of foreign words should be around 1000.
3. Contents
The table of contents is based on three-level titles (i.e.1...,1...,1...), which requires a clear hierarchy of titles, with the first-level titles in the top box, the second-level titles in one box and the third-level titles in two boxes. The title in the table of contents should be consistent with the title in the text.
4. Text
The text of graduation thesis (design) includes preface, text and conclusion, and its contents are as follows:
The preface should explain the significance, purpose, research scope and technical requirements of this topic; Briefly describe the development and existing problems of this topic at home and abroad; Explain the guiding ideology of this topic; Explain the main problems to be solved in this topic, with more words than abstracts.
The text is a detailed statement of the research work, including: the problems, basic premises, assumptions and conditions of the research work; The establishment of the model and the drafting of the experimental scheme; Basic concepts and theoretical basis; Main methods and contents of design calculation; Experimental methods, contents and analysis; Theoretical demonstration, the application of theory in the project, the results of the project, and the discussion of the results. According to the nature of graduation thesis (design), students usually only cover the above parts.
The conclusion is the summary of the whole research work, the comparison between the obtained results and the existing results, the existing problems of the subject, and the opinions and suggestions for further research. The conclusion should be general and short.
Step 5 refer to
References only list the documents that the author has read, quoted and officially published. The full text should be unified and not mixed. Foreign language articles should list their original names.
6. Introduction by the lecturer
Including name, gender, date of birth, native place, education, professional title, social status, academic research, award-winning and publishing papers, guiding students' work, etc.
7. thanks
It is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for the work of others to express gratitude to those who have helped directly in the process of research and thesis writing (such as instructors and answering teachers) in short words.
8. Appendix
Appendices refer to some contents that are not suitable for the text, but have reference value, and can be included in the appendix of graduation thesis (design), such as formula derivation and programming. If there are many symbols quoted in the text, it is convenient for readers to refer to. You can write a symbol description and point out the meaning of the symbol. Generally, the length of the appendix should not be too large. If the appendix is longer than the text, it will make people feel top-heavy.
Second, the graduation thesis (design) writing rules
1, punctuation
Punctuation marks in graduation thesis (design) should be used in accordance with the Usage of Punctuation Marks published by the Press and Publication Administration.
2. Nouns and names
The scientific and technical terms shall use the standardized words published by the National Committee for the Examination and Approval of Natural Science Terms or the names specified in national standards and ministerial standards. For those terms whose names are not uniform or controversial, the usual names can be used. When foreign abbreviations are used instead of noun terms, their meanings should be indicated in brackets when they first appear. Foreigners' names are generally written in English according to the principle of first name and surname. Generally well-known foreign names (such as Newton, Darwin, Marx, etc. ) can be translated according to the usual standard translation methods.
3. Quantity and unit
Quantity and unit must adopt People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard GB 3 100 ~ GB 3 102-93, and adopt the International System of Units (SI). Units of non-physical quantities, such as pieces, stations, people, yuan, etc. , can be combined with Chinese characters and symbols, such as piece/station, yuan/kilometer.
4. Numbers
The measurement and statistics in graduation thesis (design) are all in Arabic numerals, but Arabic numerals are generally not used to describe small numbers, such as "he discovered two asteroids" and "three forces acting on a point", which should not be written as "he discovered two asteroids" or "three forces acting on 1 point". The approximate number of people can be chinese numerals and Arabic numerals, such as "/kloc-about 0/50" or "/kloc-about 0/50".
5. Title hierarchy
All title levels of graduation thesis (design) should be orderly, neat and clear. The same level should be expressed in a unified way, and the contents under the titles at all levels in the text should correspond to their respective titles, and there should be no contents unrelated to the titles.
Chapter numbering method should adopt hierarchical Arabic numeral numbering method. The first level is "1", "2" and "3", the second level is "2. 1", "2.2" and "2.3", and the third level is "2.2. 1".
Titles at all levels are written in separate rows, with ordinal numbers at the top, followed by blank titles and no punctuation marks at the end; The heading ordinal number of a single line below the fourth level can be in the form of (1), (2), (3) or (1), (2) and (3).
Step 6 take notes
When there are individual nouns or situations in the graduation thesis (design) that need to be explained, they can be supplemented. Take notes at the end of the article, and all the notes are concentrated at the end of the article.
7. Formula
The formula should be written in the middle, the number of the formula should be enclosed in brackets and placed at the end of the right line of the formula, and no dotted line should be added between the formula and the number.
8. Form
Each table should have its own table order and table name, which should be written in the middle of the table top, and the table name should be written in the blank space after the table order. The next page of the table is allowed, the title of the continuation table can be omitted, the header should be written repeatedly, and "continuation table ××" should be written in the upper right corner.
9. illustration
The illustration of graduation design should have the picture order and title, and be placed directly below the illustration.
10, reference
All references are arranged at the back of the text in the order in which they appear, and their serial numbers are marked in the form of labels at the upper right corner of the text. The main format is as follows:
Periodical category: [serial number] author, document name, publication name, publication time, volume (issue): citation page.
Monograph category: [serial number] author. Monograph title. Name of publishing house, place and time of publication: citation page.
Third, the graduation thesis (design) requirements
1, the total number of words required for the paper.
Each graduation thesis of undergraduate students should be no less than 8,000 words (if there are design drawings, it can be reduced as appropriate); The graduation thesis of junior college students is not less than 5000 words each.
2. Graduation thesis can be written in other languages, but there must be a corresponding Chinese abstract.
3, graduation thesis typesetting requirements
① Paper type: A4, vertical.
② Margins: top 3 cm, bottom 2.5 cm, left 3 cm and right 2.5 cm.
3 main text: Chinese: Song Ti, Xiao No.4; English: Times New Roman, Grade Four; Line spacing: 1.5 times the line spacing.
(4) Title: (a) The title of each chapter is in small three bold, leaving a line after the paragraph; B) No.4 Song Style is used for the first-level title of the text; C) The secondary title of the text is in small four bold letters; D) Titles above level 3 in the text should be in small four-character font.
⑤ Use No.5 Song in the header (the header only writes chapter XXXX), number No.5 in the page number 2.4cm from the margin, and arrange it in Arabic numerals continuously, starting from the first page of the text, all in the middle.
⑥ If other documents are cited, the author of the citation and the publication date of the article should be indicated in brackets after the citation. For example: (Shangguan Zhouping, 1999).
⑦ The titles of tables and figures are in bold small five in Chinese and black small five in English.
⑧ The characters in tables and pictures should be Song Ti No.6.
9 References: No.5 word. Generally, the main document contains 10 or more.
Attending the graduation thesis cover format see the southwest forestry university undergraduate (junior college) graduation thesis cover format, undergraduate graduation thesis cover is yellow, junior college graduation thesis cover is sky blue.