Shi Shuo is a famous argumentative essay of Han Yu, with prominent viewpoints and strong practical pertinence. In this argumentative essay, the author affirmed the nature and function of being a teacher, discussed the important significance and correct principles of being a teacher, and criticized the common bad habit of not paying attention to the teacher's way at that time. This article is written for Li Pan. In fact, it is to crack down on those literati who are attached to famous families, refuse to learn from others or even laugh at others. It plays a unique role in criticizing the current disadvantages. The author shows that anyone can be his own teacher and should not refuse to learn modestly because of status or age difference. At the end of the article, Confucius testified with his own words and deeds, explaining that seeking advice and attaching importance to Taoism is a practice since ancient times, and people should not abandon the ancient road at that time. The article embodies extraordinary courage and fighting spirit, and also shows the author's spirit of expressing opinions independently regardless of the secular world, and promotes the social atmosphere of being willing to learn from teachers and being good at learning.
This article is written against the bad atmosphere of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" under the influence of family concept. In ancient China, school education was very developed, and there were official schools from the central government to the local government. In the Tang dynasty, the gate valve system since Wei and Jin dynasties still followed. Noble children all entered Hong Wen Pavilion, Chongwen Pavilion and Guo Zi School. No matter what you study, you can be an official. Therefore, in the literati class at that time, there was a general psychology of respecting "family law" and neglecting teachers. It can be seen that it is commendable for Han Yu to write Teacher's Theory and publicize his views with great fanfare.
In fact, Shi Shuo can be regarded as a solemn declaration of Han Yu advocating "ancient prose". Since the Six Dynasties, parallel prose has prevailed, and writing articles does not pay attention to ideological content, but emphasizes antithesis and flowery rhetoric. Although some works with high artistic achievements have been produced, they have led to the proliferation of floating winds in literary creation. This fashion has been popular until the middle Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu was not the first person to advocate "ancient prose", but he was a master. Whether it is literary theory or creative practice, he has strongly promoted the rise and development of the "ancient prose movement", advocated "writing to carry Tao" and trained a large number of young people who are interested in ancient prose creation.
The teacher said
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road, and the teacher said to go.