Abstract is the epitome of the full text. Here, the author outlines the overall appearance of the full text with extremely economical pen and ink; Put forward the main arguments, reveal the research results of the paper, and briefly describe the framework of the full text.

Abstract is an accessory part of the text, usually placed at the beginning of the paper.

The purpose of writing the executive summary is to:

1. In order to make the instructor have a general understanding of the main contents of the article before reviewing the full text of the paper, and know the main results and main logical order of the research.

2. In order to let other readers understand the problems studied by the author by reading the executive summary, if there is a curse, they should read the full text further. Here, the abstract has become an "advertisement" to recommend papers to many readers.

Therefore, it is necessary to prompt the main points of the paper so that readers can understand the main points of the paper at a glance. The abstract of the paper should be concise and comprehensive, and should not be too verbose to grasp the main points or just a few dry ribs, lacking materials to explain the views.

Executive summary can be divided into reportable summary and indicative summary.

The report summary mainly introduces the main methods and results of the study and the analysis of the results, and gives a comprehensive hint to the content of the article.

Indicative summary only briefly describes the research results (data, opinions, opinions, conclusions, etc.). ), and does not involve research means, methods, processes, etc. Graduation thesis generally adopts indicative abstract.

key word

Keyword is a subject word that marks the key theme content of literature, but it has not been standardized. It is a word or term selected from a paper for document indexing to express the main contents and information items of the full text. A paper can choose 3 ~ 8 words as keywords.

main body

Generally speaking, the content of the theme of academic papers should include the following three aspects: 1. Facts (examples or phenomena of language, culture, literature, education, society, thoughts, etc. obtained through my actual investigation). The factual basis put forward shall be objective and true, and the source shall be indicated when necessary; 2. Relevant statements of predecessors (including the investigation methods, investigation processes and conclusions of predecessors). In theoretical analysis, we should clearly distinguish other people's views from my own. Whether directly or indirectly citing the achievements of others, the source should be indicated; 3. My analysis, discussion and conclusion, etc. Combine the factual basis, predecessors' achievements and my own analysis organically, and pay attention to the logical relationship between them.

conclusion

The conclusion should be the final and overall conclusion of the graduation thesis, in other words, the conclusion should be the end and destination of the whole thesis, not the conclusion of a local problem or a branch problem, nor the simple repetition of each paragraph of the summary. The conclusion is that the conclusion of this paper should reflect the author's deeper understanding, and it is a new academic general concept and general view drawn from all the materials of the whole paper through logical analysis processes such as reasoning, judgment and induction. Conclusion The word "conclusion" can be used, which requires a concise and accurate explanation of one's creative work or new viewpoint, its significance and function, and also puts forward problems and suggestions that need further discussion. Conclusion should be accurate, complete, clear and concise.

This part of the writing content should generally include the following aspects:

What does the result of this paper show?

What amendments, supplements, developments, confirmations or denials have been made to the previous viewpoints?

The shortcomings or unsolved problems in this paper, as well as the possible key points and directions to solve these problems.

refer to

References (tables) should generally be listed after academic papers for three purposes, namely:

In order to reflect the real scientific basis;

In order to reflect a serious scientific attitude, distinguish one's own views or achievements from those of others;

In order to show respect for the scientific achievements of predecessors, we should also indicate the source of the cited materials for easy retrieval.

The writing of graduation thesis should be based on a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude. If others' achievements are cited, they should be listed in the references in the order in which they appear in the papers, and only the relevant works and papers cited or referenced in the paper should be listed. References should list the main references directly cited in the order in which they appear in the text.