Based on the research on the curriculum standards of physical education and health, this paper discusses how middle school physical education teachers should better implement the curriculum standards of physical education and health in the process of physical education reform in primary and secondary schools. This paper holds that middle school PE teachers should change their ideas and teaching objectives, roles, teaching means and methods, knowledge level and students' evaluation methods when implementing the Curriculum Standards of Physical Education and Health.
Keywords: physical education teachers better implement the curriculum standards of physical education and health
The Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health requires that middle school physical education should educate students in five aspects: sports participation, sports skills, physical health, mental health and social adaptation, and according to the requirements of Band 4 and Band 5, focus on five aspects in each physical education class. Then, how can middle school PE teachers better implement the Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health?
1. Middle school physical education teachers must be familiar with and correctly understand the requirements of Level 4 and Level 5 in the Curriculum Standards for Physical Education and Health.
According to the requirements of Grade 4 of Physical Education and Health, junior high school students in grades 1 ~ 3 developed their own sports skills and tactics in physical education class. According to the requirements of Grade 5, the senior three students in Grade 1 ~ 3 have improved their skills and tactics in one or two sports.
1. 1. Domain goals and level goals of sports participation:
1. 1. 1. domain goal: have the attitude and behavior of actively participating in sports activities.
Horizontal goal: Take an active part in sports activities. Develop good physical exercise habits.
In order to make students have the attitude and behavior of actively participating in sports activities and reach the level of actively participating in sports activities, PE teachers are required to have a clear understanding of students' favorite sports and their attitude towards going to physical education class, and to design each physical education class according to the actual situation. Teachers can get information through questionnaires and discussions with students in peacetime, and activate students' interest in participating in physical exercise by publicizing the importance and necessity of physical exercise. When students understand the importance and necessity of sports activities, they will naturally take an active part in sports activities. So as to consciously participate in the study of physical education and health classes, actively participate in various extracurricular sports activities, and make full use of various conditions (such as multifunctional fitness equipment or beds, tables, chairs, etc. ) Carry out physical activities and develop good physical exercise habits.
1. 1.2. domain goal: to participate in sports activities in a scientific way.
Transverse goal: arrange exercise time reasonably and master the common methods of measuring exercise load. According to the principle of scientific exercise, make and implement personal exercise plan, and learn the main methods to evaluate the effect of physical exercise.
Whether physical education teachers teach physical education class scientifically directly affects whether students can participate in sports activities scientifically. Physical exercise should arrange a reasonable amount of exercise and load according to the physiological characteristics of teenagers. Teachers must master the basic theoretical knowledge of physical education, tell students what kind of exercise amount and load is reasonable, and teach students to measure exercise load with simple methods, so that students can arrange exercise time reasonably and control appropriate exercise amount. If we can measure the exercise load by common methods such as pulse measurement. According to the principle of scientific exercise, make and implement personal exercise plan, and learn the main methods to evaluate the effect of physical exercise.
1.2. Domain goal and level goal of motor skills:
1.2. 1. domain goal: acquire basic sports knowledge.
Horizontal goal: to understand the simple technical and tactical knowledge and competition rules of the learned projects and watch sports competitions. Understand the value of various sports and pay attention to sports events at home and abroad.
In the process of physical education teaching, making students learn the basic knowledge of physical education is one of the teaching tasks that every physical education teacher must complete. Physical education teachers can teach students the basic knowledge of physical education through various ways and means. For example, spend one or two minutes at the beginning of the class to introduce some exercise methods, competition rules, simple technical and tactical knowledge, how to prevent sports injuries, first aid methods for sports injuries, how to watch sports competitions and other related knowledge; Or use the summary before class to teach students. In order to understand the simple technical and tactical knowledge and competition rules of the learned projects, watch sports competitions. Understand the value of various sports and pay attention to the level goals of domestic and international sports events.
1.2.2. domain goal: learn and apply motor skills.
Horizontal goal: to develop sports technical and tactical ability. Improve the technical and tactical level of one or two sports and enhance the technical and tactical ability.
Each sport has different technical characteristics. Middle school students basically have several sports that they like and often participate in. As a physical education teacher, they must teach students how to apply sports skills, which is not only verbal, but also exemplary. Physical education teachers with concise language, excellent skills and accurate movements are most popular with students. Therefore, it is the most effective way for physical education teachers to exercise with students as much as possible and develop their sports skills and tactics. For example, playing basketball games with students during class hours and so on. In order to improve students' sports skills and tactics and enhance their skills and tactics ability.
1.2.3. domain goal: carry out sports activities safely.
Horizontal goal: pay attention to sports safety; Master the simple handling methods of sports injuries and emergencies.
Some sports in physical education class are dangerous. When students are practicing, it is easy to cause sports injuries if the preparation activities are insufficient or the methods are incorrect. Therefore, teaching students to carry out sports activities safely is a problem that physical education teachers must attach importance to. Students understand the causes of sports injuries in practice, so they will make full preparations before sports as much as possible, master the correct practice methods, and teach students some simple methods to deal with accidental sports injuries, so as to achieve the horizontal goal of paying attention to sports safety and mastering simple methods to deal with sports injuries and emergencies.
1.2.4. domain goal: acquire basic skills in field activities.
Horizontal goal: successfully complete the collective field activities under the guidance. Learn the skills and methods of outdoor activities.
Basic skills of outdoor activities For middle school students who have lived in mountain villages since childhood, they have strong adaptability. But for middle school students living in cities, especially those who have never left their parents, relatives and friends but have been living in big cities, letting them experience the wild life in nature is one of the most effective means of their social adaptability. Therefore, physical education teachers can teach students to ride bicycles, climb mountains, hike, camp and other collective outdoor activities under the condition of guidance and organization, so that students can learn the skills and methods of outdoor activities and understand the general knowledge and methods of identifying directions in the field.
1.3. Domain and level goals of physical health:
1.3. 1. domain goal: develop physical fitness.
Horizontal goals: development speed, aerobic endurance and sensitivity; Develop muscle strength and endurance.
The ultimate goal of physical education class is to develop students' physique, which is an important symbol of health. Physical fitness mainly includes speed, strength, endurance, aerobic endurance, agility and flexibility. What kind of physical qualities does physical education class mainly develop in this section? When designing the course objectives, we should highlight the key points, and when arranging the course content and practice methods, we should take into account. For example, develop displacement speed through various exercises (such as short-distance running or repeated running); Develop aerobic endurance through various sports (such as regular running, long-distance running or skipping rope, etc.). ); Develop reaction speed and sensitivity through various exercises (such as ball games). ); Develop muscle strength and endurance of upper and lower limbs through various exercises (such as pushing barbells and lifting weights). ); Develop waist and abdomen, muscle strength and endurance through various exercises (such as sit-ups).
1.3.2. domain goal: have the consciousness of paying attention to health and preserving health.
Horizontal goal: to understand the influence of physical exercise on body shape and function; Understand the significance and role of physical health in study and life, and understand related knowledge such as sexually transmitted diseases.
In order to make students pay attention to their health, we should first let them know and understand the influence of physical exercise on the development of physical form; Secondly, let students know and understand the influence of physical exercise on the development of physical function; Third, let students know what to pay attention to in sports activities according to their own physiological characteristics; Fourth, let students know that physical activity is an active means and method to prevent and treat modern lifestyle diseases; Fifth, let students understand the important significance of physical health in study and life, and establish a good health consciousness; Finally, let students know the transmission routes and prevention knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. The teaching of the above knowledge can be carried out through the theoretical knowledge introduction class, or it can be introduced to students in five to ten minutes in each physical education class class; You can also introduce some related popular science books to students for self-study and so on.
1.3.3. domain objective: to understand the effects of nutrition, environment and bad behavior on health and health.
Horizontal goal: learn to choose healthy nutritious food and know the influence of lifestyle on health; Form a good lifestyle.
It is the basic knowledge that a qualified middle school PE teacher should impart to students in physical education class to let them know about the effects of nutrition, environment and bad behaviors on their health. Therefore, as a middle school physical education teacher, you must have solid basic theoretical knowledge and physical education professional quality in order to be truly competent for your job, which also puts forward higher requirements for middle school physical education teachers. Only by persistently strengthening the study of theoretical knowledge, diligently studying the laws and methods of physical education and teaching, and caring for students' lofty ethics, can we successfully complete the domain goals and level goals required by the physical education and health curriculum standards.
1.4. Domain goals and level goals of mental health.
1.4. 1. domain goal: to understand the role of physical activity in mental health and the relationship between physical and psychological development.
Horizontal goal: to understand the significance of mental health to physical health; Consciously improve mental state through sports activities.
At present, there is a phenomenon among middle school students: some students who are backward in cultural studies are easy to lose confidence in their studies, but these students prefer sports; Influenced by the current idea of "exam-oriented education", some students with relatively good academic performance in culture are reluctant to participate in sports activities because they are worried that sports will affect their academic performance in cultural subjects. Both of these phenomena reflect the unhealthy factors of students' psychology. How to make students understand the significance of mental health to physical health and consciously improve their mental state through physical activities? As middle school physical education teachers, students can understand the role of physical activities in mental health and the relationship between physical and mental development through various practical teaching methods and means. For example, the first phenomenon can form a good relationship with students according to their hobbies, and persuade them to rebuild their confidence in studying hard according to the importance of mastering knowledge; The second phenomenon can help students realize that participating in physical exercise in a planned way will not only affect the performance of cultural subjects, but also improve the learning efficiency, thus improving the performance of cultural subjects.
1.4.2. domain goal: correctly understand the relationship between sports activities and self-esteem and self-confidence.
Horizontal goal: build self-esteem and self-confidence through sports activities; Strive for a sense of accomplishment in sports activities.
Physical activity is closely related to self-esteem and self-confidence. People who often participate in sports activities, especially sports competitions, can enhance their self-esteem and self-confidence. Because, to participate in sports competitions, you have to experience success and failure. After many successes and failures, you can sum up the cause and effect. When you encounter the same or similar situation again, you will have a clear response. The same situation also exists in physical education class. When students encounter difficulties in learning some technical movements, they will succeed through repeated practice under the guidance of teachers. How excited and proud do you think this student is? How proud and happy is a student who has personally experienced this game when his team or team beat his opponent in a basketball game or a game? ! This has established its self-esteem and self-confidence.
1.4.3. domain goal: learn to control emotions through sports activities and other methods.
Horizontal goal: learn other ways to adjust emotions; Show the will and behavior to adjust emotions in sports activities.
Where there is a competition, there is a win or lose, and sports competitions are most directly related to winning or losing. It is a common phenomenon in sports competitions that the winner cheers and the loser is depressed. How to let students learn to control their emotions through sports activities? This requires that our middle school PE teachers must be familiar with the basic theoretical knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, instill relevant knowledge and ideas into students organically in physical education teaching, and educate students not to be arrogant in winning and not to lose with grace; Treat success with a normal heart. Success now is hard work, so there will be no failure in the future, and you will face failure with a peaceful attitude. This failure is to succeed through hard work next time and let them understand the truth that "failure is the mother of success". In this way, students can better control their emotions when they encounter setbacks and prosperity. There are many ways to control emotions, such as muscle relaxation, self-suggestion, and breathing adjustment. These methods can enable students to make targeted physical thinking when they are emotionally unstable.
1.4.4. domain goal: to form a strong will to overcome difficulties.
Horizontal goal: set the sports learning goal according to your own sports ability; Experience the joy of overcoming difficulties in challenging sports situations.
1500m running, most students will find it difficult to breathe when they run from 800m to 1000m, and their limbs are weak, so they don't want to run any more. But after this distance, the previous phenomenon will gradually disappear, which is caused by physiological inertia. If the teacher tells the students the reasons for this phenomenon in advance and teaches them the adjustment methods, most students can persist in running the whole course; On the contrary, many students will give up halfway. Therefore, the cultivation of students' strong will to overcome difficulties can be carried out through long-distance running.
1.5. Domain and level goals of social adaptation:
1.5. 1. Field goal: to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships with good cooperative spirit and sports ethics.
Horizontal goal: to understand the tasks of different sports roles and identify moral behaviors in sports; Show good sportsmanship and cooperation spirit.
Take a basketball team as an example: in general, when attacking, the center's main duty is to coordinate and find scoring opportunities, the striker's main duty is to break through and find scoring opportunities, and the defender's main duty is to organize the attack; Defense: The main duty of the center is to prevent the opposing center from coordinating to break the score, the main duty of the striker is to prevent the opposing defender from organizing the attack smoothly, and the main duty of the defender is to prevent the opposing striker from breaking the score smoothly. Each has his own duties, so an excellent basketball team has a very tacit cooperation, their interpersonal relationship is also very harmonious, their spirit of cooperation is also very good, and their sports ethics are also very noble. In the future, the members of this basketball team will have the most contact and the closest relationship in society, and most of them will become good friends, brothers and sisters. This is what teachers want to see most. If our middle school PE teachers pay more attention to the collective sports with clear division of labor, clear responsibilities and sincere cooperation, it will have a miraculous effect on establishing students' harmonious interpersonal relationship and cultivating students' good cooperative spirit and sports ethics.
1.5.2. domain goal: to learn the methods of acquiring sports and health knowledge in modern society.
Horizontal goal: simply evaluate the sports health information of the media. Have the ability to acquire knowledge and methods of sports and health through the Internet.
In modern society, students have many ways to learn and acquire knowledge about sports and health. As long as we know more about students' hobbies and characteristics, pay more attention to newspapers, magazines, TV and the Internet, introduce them to students in a targeted way, and teach students how to find relevant information on the Internet, we can better achieve the horizontal goal of allowing students to simply evaluate media sports health information and have the ability to acquire sports health knowledge and methods through the Internet.
2. The new requirements of "Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards" for middle school physical education teachers.
The implementation of "Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards" puts forward new requirements for middle school physical education teachers, mainly including the following aspects:
First, we should change our concepts and teaching objectives; Second, we should change our roles; Third, we should change the means and methods; Fourth, we should change the way of understanding and evaluating students.
2. 1. Changes in ideas and teaching objectives.
2. 1. 1. From host to friend.
The protagonist of the old physical education teaching model is the teacher. What does Mr. physical education class teach? Until the end of this lesson, the teacher must first set a tone so that students can't go beyond this range in their studies, which makes some students with good foundation "have enough to eat" and can't give full play to their respective specialties; Some students who have poor foundation or don't like this project can't eat, so they try their best to finish the learning tasks assigned by their teachers, and finally make them hate going to physical education class. The new standard teaching mode of "Physical Education and Health" advocates establishing friendly relations with students, and designing each physical education class with health as the center according to students' hobbies and requirements, so that students can "eat well" and "eat enough".
2. 1.2. From physical development to holistic education.
According to the old concept of sports, physical education class is to exercise students' health, and other aspects of education are outside the scope of physical education class. However, the new teaching concept of "physical education and health" requires physical education class not only to develop students' bodies and devote them to cultural studies with healthy bodies, but also to make students understand physical education and health and become healthy people, so as to lay a good foundation for students to better adapt to social development in the future.
2.2. Role change.
2.2. 1. From executors to designers and decision makers.
In the old physical education teaching, the physical education teacher was the executor of the syllabus, and everything was done mechanically according to the requirements of the syllabus. The new curriculum standard of "Physical Education and Health" requires that in the teaching process, middle school physical education teachers can choose appropriate teaching content to design physical education class for each class and even each school year according to local specific conditions, and decide the teaching content and methods with health as the center.
2.2.2. From coach to educator.
In the old physical education teaching, physical education teachers, as coaches with certain physical education professional qualities, can better complete physical education class's teaching; The new curriculum standard of physical education and health requires physical education teachers to be not only coaches with solid physical education professional quality, but also educators with solid theoretical knowledge of pedagogy and psychology.
2.3. Change in means and methods.
2.3. 1. From indoctrination to scenario creation and guidance.
The old means and methods of physical education are mostly indoctrination, and students must practice according to the methods and steps taught by teachers. If the technical actions taught by teachers are wrong, students will follow suit and suppress their creativity. The new curriculum standard of physical education and health requires teachers to design a goal in teaching, so that students can choose the means and methods to achieve the goal through their own efforts. Teachers only give guidance through various tips, with the aim of broadening students' creative thinking ability.
2.3.2. From focusing on screening to focusing on development.
In the old physical education teaching, physical education teachers often pay more attention to identifying whether the technical actions learned by students are accurate and standardized, while ignoring the creativity and development potential of students in this respect; The new curriculum standard of physical education and health requires paying attention to the development space of students. It is not the most important thing for students to master the technical movements accurately and standardly. What is important is that students can understand the technical movements, get interested in this sport and enjoy it, and on this basis, add it to their own development. Because the ultimate goal of school physical education is to achieve students' physical and mental health, rather than requiring athletes to master accurate and standardized technical movements like competitive sports.
2.4. Change from the amount of knowledge and evaluation methods for students.
2.4. 1. From sports to sports+education.
In the old PE teaching, PE teachers didn't need much knowledge. Some people who lack knowledge and understanding of physical education think that physical education teachers don't need to master most of the knowledge.
Therefore, knowledge society has the characteristics of "simple mind and developed limbs". The new curriculum standard of Physical Education and Health requires physical education teachers not only to master the basic theory, basic technology and basic skills of physical education professional quality, but also to be familiar with anatomy, physiology, sports medicine, pedagogy, psychology, statistics, biochemistry, biomechanics and other related basic disciplines. In today's information society, we must also master the means and methods of multimedia technology teaching and make our own courseware. At the same time, students must be educated with the knowledge they have mastered.
2.4.2. Students' evaluation methods have changed.
In the old physical education teaching, the evaluation criteria for students were mainly the assessment of running, jumping, throwing and skills. Some students with poor physical fitness foundation can't reach the passing standard although they have made several times more efforts than other students, while those students with good physical fitness foundation can reach the excellent standard without practicing. The evaluation standard of "New Curriculum Standards for Physical Education and Health" requires that, on the basis of the above contents, the focus should be on whether students actively participate in physical activities and try their best to achieve the field goals, followed by whether students' interest in learning, emotion and self-confidence have improved, and thirdly, the comprehensive evaluation of students' physical achievements this semester should be made by using various evaluation methods such as teacher evaluation, students' self-evaluation and students' mutual evaluation.
Conclusion: The curriculum standard of Physical Education and Health has been piloted in national and provincial experimental areas, and has been gradually popularized and practiced throughout the country. As the most basic middle school physical education teacher, we are the implementer and tester of the curriculum standard of Physical Education and Health. Quality education has been talked about for many years, but due to the influence and restriction of "exam-oriented education" system, quality education can not be carried out in an all-round way; The reform of the new curriculum standard of physical education and health will also be influenced by the old concept of physical education teaching mode, especially by the "exam-oriented education" system, and physical education teaching is dispensable in some middle schools. Therefore, the reform of physical education teaching is a long way to go for our middle school physical education teachers. However, we must believe that with the progress of society, people's ideas will be updated, health is the first thing people must pursue, and physical exercise is the best means and method to obtain health. Sports and health will be more and more favored by the world, and the reform of physical education teaching will achieve the expected results.
References:
Evolution of physical education curriculum and school physical education reform Tan Hua, South China Normal University
Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standard (Grade 7-12) (experimental draft) Beijing Normal University Press 200 1 year July.
Sports and Health Higher Education Press 20065438+0 June Deng Shuxun et al.