1. Background of sustainable development of campus green ecological buildings
After the concept of green ecology was put forward, more and more people began to pay attention to it. In some universities in Europe and America, some campus activities with sustainable development significance have been launched one after another. These various organizational activities have a positive impact on the development of eco-campus, and also have a far-reaching impact on the formulation of relevant policies, educational models, work and lifestyle of teachers and students.
In Britain, Cambridge University is a member of the Association for the Environment of Institutions of Higher Learning (EACU), a joint group of more than 70 universities and other institutions. In 1995, the first university-level environmental supervisor was appointed to raise environmental awareness. At the same time, the Campus Environment Committee has also formulated relevant policies to encourage and strengthen environmental improvement. Organizations such as Partnership for Sustainable Development of Higher Education (HEPS) and Campus Environmental Planning (University of California) have also been established. The establishment and work of these organizations have played a positive demonstration role in campus environmental education and greatly promoted the development of campus environmental protection.
In China, with the rapid development of society, education is also developing in the direction of democratization, lifelong, functional diversification and structural diversification. According to statistics, in 2003, the number of college students in China increased from 3.4 million in 1998 to 12 1400, an increase of 257%. The number of graduate students increased from 6.5438+0.5 million to 5.65438+0.46 million, an increase of 243%, and the number of doctoral students increased from 45,000 to 6.5438+0.37 million, an increase of 204%. The average size of colleges and universities increased from 3,335 students in 1998 to 7 143 students in 2003. All these data show that in 2 1 century, not only the connotation of higher education has expanded, but also its material carrier schools, so it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of sustainable development education. We learn from some excellent examples of European schools and the effective experience of campus sustainable development, explore the design and technology of campus green ecological buildings in China, and actively promote the demonstration campus with a virtuous circle of sustainable development, which has far-reaching significance in China.
2. The sustainable development trend of campus green ecological buildings
The continuous deterioration of the natural environment and the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources make the contradiction between architecture and environment increasingly severe, which also brings unexpected pressure and obstacles to the development of architecture itself. "Sustainable development" has established a bridge between disciplines, and the complex problems encountered in the study of green ecological buildings can be solved through interdisciplinary cooperation.
Looking back on the development history of eco-green buildings, the theory and practice of eco-green buildings have been constantly changing, from the research on solar energy collection and utilization in the construction industry in the 1960s, to the exploration of zero-energy buildings in the 1970s, to the pursuit of regional and place sense and the research on bioclimate design in the 1980s. However, since 1980s, people have been deeply studying sustainable development, paying more attention to the influence of health, air quality, geography, climate and other natural factors on the built environment, and a large number of related research results have emerged. Typical examples are: architecture, comfort, energy, climate-adapted architecture-energy-saving architectural design manual, sun, wind and light: architectural design strategy, etc.
There are also some studies on campus green ecological buildings, whose architectural features are that school land, school buildings, campuses, sports grounds and their ancillary facilities are healthy, comfortable, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Health and comfort are the basic requirements for students to study at school, and energy conservation and environmental protection are the new requirements for schools in our time. After the concept of green ecology is injected into the school design concept, energy conservation and environmental protection are paid attention to and become one of the goals of architects' design. School buildings reduce the consumption of resources, produce the least waste in the process of use, and also reduce the load on the surrounding environment. At the same time, teachers and students at school also benefit from the detailed design of green ecology and get inspiration. It is of great help to the cultivation of students' body and mind. Establish a good awareness of environmental protection from an early age, do a good job in sustainable development, and really start from me and start from small things.
The implementation of campus green ecological building has great influence on sustainable development. Let's discuss the influence of green ecological building on the vital interests of teachers and students, energy conservation and environmental protection, economic benefits and technical management, so as to find measures and methods that can be beneficial to the development of green ecological building on campus.
2. 1 From the perspective of the vital interests of teachers and students
Green ecological architecture emphasizes the use of natural ventilation and lighting to improve indoor quality and provide healthy, comfortable and safe activity space. School buildings have higher requirements for visual environment, auditory environment, ventilation and indoor air quality, which will have an impact on students' growth and study. Dealing with these problems well can improve the efficiency of running schools for students. Today, this conclusion can be understood not only by common sense, but also by many experimental studies.
From 65438 to 0999, a research group in America studied the natural light in schools. In this study, a multi-level linear regression analysis model was used to investigate and analyze the academic performance of 265,438+0,000 students in three school districts in three States in the United States. After controlling other factors that affect academic performance, the relationship between indoor natural light and academic performance is analyzed. It is found that in a district, students who study in classrooms with sufficient natural light have 20% higher math scores and 26% higher reading scores than those who study in classrooms with insufficient natural light. In the other two school districts, the test scores of students studying in classrooms with abundant natural light are 7- 18% higher than those studying in classrooms with little natural light. At the same time, another analysis shows that a well-lit library can significantly reduce noise; Students who study in natural lighting schools are healthier and in a more positive state. The average number of days students go to school every year is 3.2-3.8 days. Classroom ventilation and indoor air quality will affect students' concentration and health.
To sum up, it is proved by common sense and empirical research results that the environmental quality of school buildings is closely related to students' health, academic performance and even attendance, so it is the goal of any responsible architect to provide a healthy and comfortable learning environment for teachers and students through green ecological building design.
2.2 Analysis from the level of environmental protection and energy saving
Advocating green ecological architecture requires architects to consider many aspects in design and reduce the negative impact of architecture on the environment and users from all aspects. Specifically, it is to save resources and energy to the maximum extent and reduce the damage to the ecological environment. Especially today, when the green area is gradually swallowed up by high-rise buildings in the city, as a school with a certain green area, we should pay more attention to it. There are many primary and secondary schools, which are widely distributed and have a large outdoor space. If good orientation design is carried out, excellent campus buildings can be produced, which can not only meet the physical and mental needs of users, but also have a positive and good impact on the surrounding ecological environment. For example, in architectural design, attention should be paid to maintaining biodiversity, greening capacity and water permeability. While creating a good learning environment, it will undoubtedly have a subtle influence on the optimization of the overall environment of the school community. In addition, because schools generally have a certain number of teachers and students, the consumption of energy and resources can be said to be a huge expenditure. If we can make good use of various energy-saving measures, the energy and resources that can be saved every year will be considerable. This can also promote the development of sustainable campus buildings and form a virtuous circle trend.
2.3 From the analysis of economic benefits.
Life cycle cost analysis is an analysis method to calculate the cost of an asset during its entire service life or expected life. For green ecological buildings, the initial investment may be slightly higher, but through the life cycle cost analysis, it will be found that the obvious water and electricity cost savings and the subtle improvement of work efficiency in the later stage of green ecological buildings make up for the initial investment and save the surplus. In 2003, the Green Building Working Group composed of more than 40 government agencies in California published a research report on efficient investment in green buildings. It is mentioned in the report that if the upfront cost of green building increases by 2%, the whole building cost will decrease by 20% in its life cycle, that is, under this condition, the income of green building is 10 times of the investment. This report is by far the clearest and most authoritative report on the economic benefits of green ecological buildings. It can be seen that green ecological buildings show a trend of sustainable development in terms of economic benefits.
Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to the concept of green ecology, and its benefits are obvious. However, for education departments and schools, it still takes a process for green ecological campus buildings to grow from unfamiliar to popular. In the process of realization, some guarantee and incentive measures are needed. Increase the school's research on green buildings; The application of life cycle cost analysis accounting in campus architecture: the evaluation of green ecological campus is a good measure to promote the development of green ecological architecture.
2.4 from the technical and management level analysis
At the beginning of the emergence of green ecological architecture, it was indeed a high-tech and high-cost experiment, and it was limited to environmentalists. Nowadays, the large-scale promotion of green building depends on the continuous innovation of technology and the support of relevant national policies, which makes the price of green building materials in the market drop, and there are related incentive policies to appeal to people to use green building materials. This measure has solved the technical and financial obstacles in the development of green ecological buildings, but we should also take corresponding measures at the management level to encourage schools to implement the design of green ecological buildings.
1) to carry out the research on school green ecological buildings, thus forming a scientific school green building standard and evaluation system. The formulation and release of "Technical Guidelines for Green Building" in China provides practical technical specifications for green buildings. A set of green building evaluation system ensures the operability of green building and makes it enter the practical stage. However, in China, the research scope mainly focuses on the green ecology of residential buildings, and the research on school buildings is not deep and systematic enough. If we want to implement green ecological architecture in schools, we need to study the building standards and evaluation system suitable for schools according to the characteristics of schools, so as to make it a guiding manual for schools to implement green ecological architecture. At present, many developed countries and regions in the world have expanded their research scope to the campus, which provides us with useful reference.
2) With the research object, a professional research team is needed. Compared with the traditional architectural design, the design of green ecological building is more comprehensive, which requires cooperation from many parties and good communication. The emergence of an excellent green ecological building is based on effective communication between designers and school decision makers. Therefore, in the research process, we also attach great importance to the attitude of school decision-makers towards green ecology and their support for this research.
3) The school green building is planned and implemented in stages. The whole process of new school buildings from selection, design, construction, completion acceptance and maintenance must be carried out in accordance with green building standards, and the old school buildings can meet the relevant standards of green building through flexible transformation.
4) The initial construction cost of green ecological school buildings is indeed higher than that of ordinary school buildings. After winning the funds, how to use the limited funds to implement the school green building, each school has corresponding measures according to the amount of funds. Green ecological architecture is not only a high-tech high-tech building, but also respects local architecture and local construction technology. In the use process, after analyzing various factors, we put forward a suitable green ecological strategy. Schools in northwest rural areas can also achieve good results by choosing some low-tech ways, such as maximizing the use of natural light, carefully designed ventilation systems and other passive energy-saving concepts, which can not be underestimated. Abroad, roof greening projects have been widely used in many developed countries. The cost is not much, but the effect is very good. Therefore, these economic green ecological technologies are also applicable to school buildings. As long as we pay more attention, in fact, green ecological buildings are around us.
The promotion of green buildings in schools is not only restricted by technical and financial conditions, but also very important to change people's knowledge and understanding of school buildings conceptually. Therefore, we should also strengthen the publicity and education of green ecological buildings in schools. Let people know what is sustainable development, what is a good school environment, what is a green building, what are the advantages of such a building and so on. Arousing people's positive understanding of green ecology can promote the promotion of green ecological architecture on campus.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd