As we all know, "leaving the soul" is a common theme in China's ancient novels and operas, and related literary works have formed a large type. Under this big type, there are actually a series of sub-types, which can be roughly divided into several types, such as leaving the soul to run, leaving the soul to dream, traveling in hades, and reviving the soul through the body. The earliest record of "leaving the soul" can be traced back to the strange novels of the Six Dynasties. In my opinion, the appearance of many soul-leaving stories is closely related to abnormal or morbid psychological activities. The so-called "leaving the soul" is actually a symptom, and the diseases and mental states that cause this symptom are actually various and belong to different types of mental disorders.
Let's first look at a story in Searching for the Gods quoted in Volume 358 of Tai Ping Guang Ji. Said a couple forgot their names. One morning, the wife got up first, and then the husband went out. But his wife thought that her husband was still sleeping. When she went back to the back room, she saw that her husband was really caught. After a while, the boy came from outside and said, "The master told me to go home and get the mirror." The wife thinks that the children in China are cheating and shows him her husband lying in bed. My child said doubtfully, I just came from my master! So he ran back and told her husband. The husband was shocked and went into the back room with his wife to watch. "It's really a look to be put on a high pillow by a middleman." Afraid of his own soul, he dared not disturb him, slowly stroking the bed, and the human figure slowly came to the table and disappeared. After a while, her husband became ill. "There are good and bad sex, and it will never heal."
This matter is also quoted in Volume 97 of Fayuan Zhu Lin, which is preceded by the sentence "There is a man in Song Dynasty", so it can be seen that this matter should be the current affairs of Liu and Song Dynasties. It is also recorded in "Seeking God". Therefore, both Wang and Wang think that this article should come from the postscript of Sou Shen Ji.
The couple's names are recorded in A True Biography written by Liu Song Zuo. It reads: "Wang Zhao is always at home, leaving in the morning, and his wife Han has not yet felt it; And Nu Yun said,' Langsuo has a hundred pieces of paper.' In the account of Korean TV, I saw that Zhao was still lying, but suddenly I couldn't see him anymore. The second half is dead. "
From the perspective of ancient doctors, the above phenomenon belongs to the so-called "wandering soul disease". The naming and recording of this disease seems to originate from Xia Ziyi, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. Xia Ziyi, whose name is Demao, once extracted the Ten Healthy Prescriptions 12 from the prescriptions handed down by the teacher and Tibetan medicine prescriptions, and attached a volume of Strange Diseases Prescriptions. This book has been lost, but Wu Yankui, a poet in the Song Dynasty, kept thirty-eight pieces of Strange Diseases Prescriptions under the volume "Applicable Prescriptions for Sending Letters" compiled by Geng Zi Xi Chun (1 180). The thirty-seventh cloud says: mortals consciously form themselves as two people, who lie apart, but also have true and false, and there is no question of right or wrong. Treated with cinnabar, ginseng and poria cocos, the real person is refreshed and the fake person is wiped out. Li Shizhen, a physician in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Volume XII of Compendium of Materia Medica that when people lie down, they feel that there is a body outside them, and there is no difference, but they don't say anything. When people lie down, the soul returns to the liver, which is attacked by liver deficiency and evil, and the soul does not return, so the name of the disease leaves the soul. From the point of view of modern psychiatry, it seems that "self-consciousness manifests itself as two people" and "lying down makes you feel that there is a body outside your body" recorded in medical records belong to "self-voyeurism". The so-called "automatic illusion", also known as phantom mirror image, refers to people seeing their own body images in the external space and realizing that the original body still has this experience. This symptom usually appears when the patient is extremely depressed, anxious or tired, and is often accompanied by some changes in the state of consciousness. Hysteria, epilepsy, acute episode of schizophrenia or subacute delirium are also easy to produce this symptom. According to the paper "Self-Peeping Phenomenon" written by Xu Mingzhi, among the patients suffering from "self-peeking", 27% are engaged in creative occupations. There has been a record of "self-voyeurism" in the West for a long time. In European folklore, the experience of self-peeping is considered as a sign of impending death. Interestingly, in the19th century, this experience attracted the attention of many writers, such as Goethe, Hoffman (E.T.A), Mo Bosang, Dostoevsky and others. Goethe and the Scottish writer Stevenson (R.L.Stevenson), I have had the experience of self-voyeurism, and Dostoevsky wrote the same thing. Therefore, it is a spiritual experience often described by western writers. Of course, their literary descriptions cannot be used as accurate medical records. Modern medicine is far from explaining the cause of this symptom. Does this experience belong to patients' hallucinations, delusions and delusions, or is it a vivid appearance? There is no answer yet.
The mortality rate of such cases is not low. Dening and berrios summarized 53 cases of self-voyeurism reported since 1953, of which 5 cases died one year later, accounting for 9%. According to China's ancient literature, the husband in "Ordinary Woman" was "sexually submissive and devastated", while Wang Zhao died half a year later, indicating that the European people.
Knowing that wandering soul is a disease, we will have a new understanding of the psychological basis of wandering soul stories in literary works.
(Author: Nanjing Normal University College) Solemnly declare
Recently, many enthusiastic readers and authors have reported that there is an online submission system pretending to be the editorial department of classical literature knowledge, which charges contributors a lot of page fees. In this regard, the editorial department solemnly declares that this magazine has not entrusted any organization or individual to accept submissions, and there is no online submission system. We only accept paper manuscripts, and the email address is gdwxzs1986 @163; We don't charge any publishing fee, and any form of publishing fee or manuscript review fee is counterfeit. The editorial department will keep relevant evidence and take legal measures against websites and individuals who infringe the legitimate rights and interests of this journal. At the same time, remind contributors to keep their eyes open and not to be deceived.