1. newspaper
Based on facts and theoretical basis, this paper demonstrates with irrefutable logic, and demonstrates and infers. A paper must have three basic elements, namely, argument, argument and argumentation. Argument is the author's point of view on the matter or problem discussed. Arguments are the basis of proving arguments, including factual arguments and theoretical arguments. Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments.
Papers must clarify facts through concepts, judgments and reasoning, and must have strict logic, accuracy and generality of language.
2. Scientific research papers
Scientific research paper (also known as academic paper) is a kind of paper. It is a theoretical article devoted to discussing and studying problems in the fields of natural science and social science and expressing research results. To understand this concept, we should pay attention to two aspects: (1) academic papers are a means of scientific research; (2) Academic papers are tools for expressing scientific research achievements and conducting academic exchanges. Scientific research is the basis of writing academic papers, which are the continuation of the scientific research process and the achievements of scientific research.
3. Characteristics of scientific research papers
Academic. Academic papers are the carrier of scientific research achievements and the serious expression of the author's scientific research achievements in a certain scientific field, which is systematic and professional.
The so-called learning refers to specialized and systematic learning. The main difference between academic papers and general papers is academic. Generally, a paper can not express feelings systematically, but only talk about feelings, experiences and understandings at a certain point; Academic papers are not general experience, so they must have a certain theoretical depth. Therefore, the author is required to have a deep theoretical foundation in this major and a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, not only to understand its history, but also to grasp its academic trends, grasp its main direction and solve academically valuable problems.
Scientific. Reveal the essence of the things or problems studied and expound the objective laws. Generally, a paper only needs to take up part of the materials, and you can discuss it more freely by choosing arguments that can prove your point of view; Academic papers must have certain theoretical value, reveal the essence of things and reflect objective laws. This requires the author to have a realistic attitude, to possess a lot of materials in detail, to adopt scientific research methods, to discover the inherent essence and laws, and to express them accurately.
Creativity. The theoretical viewpoint in academic papers is the author's unique theory or viewpoint. The innovation of academic papers is manifested in the following aspects: new topics, new research methods, new perspectives and new achievements. The author can stand at the forefront of a certain subject, capture the appropriate research object with his foresight, sensitively find the problems that need to be solved, conduct in-depth research and achieve breakthrough results, put forward unique theories or viewpoints, and make creative progress in theory and practice.
The significance of scientific research lies in discovery and innovation. Research without discovery and innovation, or repeated research, will inevitably lead to waste of time, energy and financial resources. Academic papers can write their own new discoveries, new creations, new insights, make academic breakthroughs, and even fill a gap, which is of course very ideal. However, for ordinary researchers, this is not an easy task. The main task of primary and secondary school teachers is to teach and educate people, and we can't expect too much from the academic frontier level of their papers. As long as their papers are of theoretical or practical significance and innovative, they should be affirmed. The so-called innovation, that is, it can realistically supplement and correct the previous research results or conclusions made by others, defend or deny them, and it can be regarded as a statement of one family; As long as the topic has a new angle, there are new discoveries in materials, new progress in argumentation, new breakthroughs in viewpoints or better understanding than previous people, it can be said that it is creative to some extent.
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