China is an ancient civilization with a long history, and China's classical architecture occupies an important position in the history of world architecture. It originated in the primitive society of China more than 2000 years ago. After more than 5,000 years of long development, it has come down in one continuous line and formed a unique architectural system. China's classical architecture has created many excellent works from single buildings, architectural groups to urban planning, and has become a precious heritage in the treasure house of human architecture. A Dream of Red Mansions is a world-renowned classic of China classical literature. Through the description of the evolution of the four feudal families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue from prosperity to decline and the love tragedy of the protagonist Jia Baoyu, this paper depicts a historical picture of China feudal society in the middle of18th century from many angles. As the highest peak of China's classical novels, A Dream of Red Mansions is all-encompassing and profound, which can be said to involve all levels of feudal society at that time. The book gives an in-depth and accurate description of literature, history, philosophy, chess, calligraphy and painting, arts and crafts, romantic games, costumes and banquets, health care medicine, garden architecture and other aspects at that time. No wonder A Dream of Red Mansions was regarded as a hologram of feudal society in China at that time. Jia Fu in the book is a concentrated expression of the planning and layout of China classical architecture, which embodies the planning and layout principles of China classical architecture mansion and superb techniques of garden design. In particular, the magical and charming fairyland "Grand View Garden" has aroused people's great interest in exploration. Therefore, since The Dream of Red Mansions came out, the number of researchers has been increasing for more than 200 years. It is speculated that the investigators have endured it for a long time, and they are interested in tracing back to the source, and people who write and draw are also happy. In particular, the Grand View Garden depicted in the book is ingenious and lifelike. Although it is not a specific classical garden, the "garden" in the "dream" is more elegant, beautiful and ideal than any garden in reality. The author tries to show the architectural image reflected in the book in the form of images from the architectural level of A Dream of Red Mansions, so as to accurately and vividly show the magnificent and elegant garden in the book to readers.

Readers who have read A Dream of Red Mansions know that the stories in A Dream of Red Mansions mainly take place in the Grand View Garden of Jiafu. The Grand View Garden is an organic part of Jiafu. Not only its architecture is closely related to the whole Jia family, but also the daily life and many events of the people in the garden are closely related to the whole Jia family. Therefore, when expressing the layout of the Grand View Garden, we must consider the layout of the whole Jiafu at the same time, so as to accurately reflect the whole picture of the Grand View Garden. Let's start with the layout of Jia Mansion. Because the description of Jiafu Courtyard in the book is exquisite, vivid and accurate, and there are many places where everyone has become a * * * knowledge, limited by the length of this article, I won't discuss it below, just make a general introduction. For the controversial and difficult places, the author puts forward his own opinions according to his own understanding and analysis:

Overall composition of Jiafu: Jiafu in the book consists of Ningguo Mansion and Guorong Mansion, which is located on the north side of the street and faces the south gate. The two houses are connected, and there is an alley in them. There is Ningguo Mansion in the east and Guo Rongfu in the west. The gates of the two mansions are not far apart, less than a stone's throw, that is, about 200 meters.

The courtyard composition of Ningguo Mansion: Ningguo Mansion is divided into two parts: mansion and garden, and the garden is called "Fanghui Garden". This paper generalizes all the buildings and courtyards, and the orientation is unknown. I only know that there are Tianxianglou, Ningxi Xuan, Dengxian Pavilion, Funny Bee Xuan and other buildings in Ningguofu Garden (Fang Hui Garden). There is a stream passing through, which shows that this is the water flowing down from the river when the Grand View Garden is built behind. When the Grand View Garden was built in the back, it drew a stream of water from the north corner wall of Fang Hui Garden. The water surface is in the northwest of the garden, the entrance is built by water, and there is a rockery in the southeast. Build a pavilion on the hillside. All the houses and courtyards in the mansion are general and the direction is unknown. But from the following text analysis, it should focus on East Road and Middle Road. The book emphasizes that there are "three rooms and one mansion", which should be the mansion in front of the main hall. On the west side of the main courtyard of Ningguofu Middle Road, there is a courtyard called Jia Ancestral Hall. In addition, the middle road of Ningguofu is composed of all levels from the gate to the purlin. The book says that "Ningguo Mansion is from the main gate, the instrument gate, the hall, the warm pavilion, the inner hall and the three inner doors, and the inner instrument Mense reaches the main hall, and the main entrance is wide open". Here, the author intentionally exaggerates the thick gate and deep courtyard of Ningguo Mansion, but in fact, the architectural layout will not be arranged from south to north. This sentence is actually. The first entrance is from the "gate" to the "instrument gate", and the second entrance is from the "instrument gate" to the "inner three gates". This entrance courtyard has a hall, its left and right warm pavilions and the back inner hall. The third entrance courtyard is from the "inner three doors" to the "main hall", in which the "inner three doors" should actually be a combination of "inner instrument doors and inner plug doors". In addition, after the Grand View Garden is completed, there are still some gardens in the garden, the Tianxiang Building in the garden is still there, and there are some buildings, such as the Conglv Hall adjacent to Jia Ancestral Hall.

Composition of Guo Rongfu: The description of Guo Rongfu in the book is much more in-depth and detailed than that of Ningguo House. Because from the whole book, the focus of A Dream of Red Mansions is Guo Rongfu, and Guo Rongfu focuses on Jiamu Courtyard on West Road. It can be seen that the government is the main book and the Ningguo government is the guest lining. The book describes the main courtyards and traffic routes of Guo Rong Mansion in detail, aiming at creating a specific activity scene for the characters in the book. The courtyard relationship of Guo Rongfu can be summarized as follows: Guo Rongfu has four courtyards, with the main courtyard in the middle, the Jiamu Courtyard on the west road, the Lady Wang Courtyard on the east road and an East Courtyard. The easternmost road of Guo Rongfu is Fu Rong Old Garden where Jia She lives now, and Xifeng Courtyard is next to the backyard of Jia Muyuan. There are two main transportation hubs: one is the "north-south corridor" between the backyard of Jiamu Courtyard and the backyard of Mrs. Wang Courtyard. This passage connects three important figures in A Dream of Red Mansions, namely, Mrs. Wang and Feng. The other is the north-south corridor between Mrs. Wang's East Courtyard and pear fragrance court, connecting Mrs. Wang and Aunt Xue. The characters in A Dream of Red Mansions mainly take these two routes to reach the quadrangle. After Jia Fu built the Grand View Garden, Guo Rongfu built a large living room for Jia Mu, which should be behind Jia Mu's yard. Reporter: What we want to discuss here is the understanding of "a broad north-south corridor". Literally, this word can be interpreted in two ways. One is the "north-south wide corridor", that is, the north-south wide corridor, and the other is the "north-south wide corridor", that is, the north-south wide corridor. I think the second explanation is more reasonable. The reasons are: first, if it is a north-south corridor, it is very strange that there is an inverted building hall at the southern end of this corridor and a shadow wall at the northern section. It can be seen from the back of the sixth chapter that the inverted building hall and the screen wall are actually very close, so it can be understood that the screen wall appeared in front of the Xifeng Courtyard, in fact, to block the door of the inverted building hall. In the layout of ancient buildings in China, the courtyard doors are mostly arranged on the north and south sides of the walkway, so it is difficult to arrange the two ends of this north-south corridor; Secondly, most of the characters in the book are along the east-west direction, so since the author points out this corridor, we can see that it should be a very important transportation hub. Through the analysis of these two points, this "wide north-south corridor" should be understood as "wide east-west corridor in the north-south direction" One of the noteworthy places is that there is a "north-south wide lane" between the main courtyard and the back auxiliary courtyard of Rongguofu Middle Road, which connects the backyards of Lady Jia, Lady Wang and Xifeng. The location of this crosswalk is very similar to the "eternal lane" used to separate the bedrooms of the former dynasty and the later dynasty in the palace, but this "eternal lane" is dedicated to the palace, and such a closed crosswalk is not allowed, including Wang Fu. A Dream of Red Mansions, on the other hand, uses such a horizontal lane as the main transportation hub of Jiafu's back house. It can be seen from this point that the concept of buildings in A Dream of Red Mansions was completed by collecting many characteristics of the layout of buildings at that time, even some characteristics of palaces.

From the above summary, we can see that the layout of Jiafu embodies the basic principles of the layout of classical buildings in China. We know that China paid attention to etiquette in ancient times, and the layout of buildings reflected the word "etiquette". As a luxury house, it is most important to distinguish between inside and outside. This can also be seen from the layout of Jiafu. Jiafu, like your mansion at that time, was divided into two parts: the outer mansion and the inner mansion. In the first half, the outhouse is the place where the host receives guests and lives, and it also has the nature of etiquette and office area. Its main building is called "Hall". As written in the book, "Hall" and "South Hall" all refer to this building. In the second half, the inner room is the residence of the owner and his family. Its main building is called "main room", where the hostess can also invite female guests, such as "above five main rooms" and "main hall" written in the book. The front hall and the back hall are the main buildings in the house, and there are many ancillary buildings and courtyards around them, such as "Jiamu Courtyard", "Mrs. Wang Courtyard", "Xifeng Courtyard" and "Jia She Courtyard". , constitute the mansion in the whole Jia Fu huge mansion. The above layout technology is also the basic principle of the layout of classical buildings in China.

Courtyard composition of Grand View Garden

Let's talk about the Grand View Garden, the most important part of A Dream of Red Mansions. A Dream of Red Mansions, with its gorgeous literary language, shaped the typical image of China classical gardens-Grand View Garden. The Grand View Garden is a great realist writer, Cao Xueqin. On the basis of summarizing the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the imperial home forest at that time, he provided an artistic stage for the activities of the figures in the Red Chamber and created a paradise. The garden design techniques of Grand View Garden have had a far-reaching impact on the garden construction of later generations. For such a fictional "literary garden" in the novel, it should be said that it is very meaningful to do some discussion, find out the relationship between buildings, courtyards and scenic spots in the Grand View Garden, and draw a picture to show it as an image. Here, the author will show the architectural image of this "Xanadu"-Grand View Garden in an illustrated way, which is believed to be helpful for readers to read and understand and deeply understand the essence of the creation of A Dream of Red Mansions.

1. The purpose of Grand View Garden: Grand View Garden is different from ordinary private gardens. It is a palace villa built for the imperial concubine to visit relatives. The book says, "Anyone who has a heavy house can stay outside the defense, so you might as well invite the imperial palace to enter his private parts to make a little flesh and blood feel most natural at home." (the sixteenth time), this sentence clearly pointed out the purpose of the construction of the Grand View Garden-a palace built for Jia Fei's mothering.

2. The construction process of the Grand View Garden: A Dream of Red Mansions began to build the Grand View Garden in the sixteenth cycle and was completed in the seventeenth cycle. There is a detailed description in the book: "It has been agreed to start from the East District, start from the Dongfuli Garden, turn north, measure accurately, and build a provincial home in three and a half miles ... but this idea is easy and easy to build. It would be even more troublesome to shoot elsewhere, and it would be indecent ... Jia Lian gets up early every time. Investigate the land of the two houses, draw the temple of mothering in the province, and deal with the people at the same time. Since then, craftsmen from all walks of life have gathered together to carry and transfer gold, silver, copper, tin and civil bricks and tiles. Schilling craftsmen tore down the walls and pavilions of Ningfuhui, and directly entered the East Courtyard of Fu Rong. All the houses in the area east of Fu Rong have been demolished. When the second house in Rongning is called, although there is an impassable hutong, this hutong is also private. Therefore, it can be connected. Fang Hui Garden originally attracted a stream of running water from under the wall in the north corner, but it's not annoying to introduce it again today. Although its rocks and trees are not enough, Jia She lives in the old Fu Rong Garden, where bamboo trees, rocks and pavilions and railings can be moved. Therefore, the distance between the two places is very close, so we can get together to save a lot of financial resources, and the vertical is not enough, and the increase is limited. Fortunately, there was an old official of the Ming Dynasty named Shan. These paragraphs introduce the scale, orientation and construction process of Jiafu Grand View Garden in detail. For the size of the Grand View Garden, many articles have discussed it in detail before, so I won't go into details here. Among many opinions about the garden site, the author agrees that the description of the area of the Grand View Garden "three and a half miles" refers to the representative area of the total length around the Grand View Garden, but according to the description of the Grand View Garden in the book, the Grand View Garden is not huge and boundless, and the various courtyards in the garden are only in a corner. But it was handled skillfully, and people saw its thousands of mountains and rivers, and suddenly they didn't know what to do. The so-called understanding means that you don't care about distance. Generally, one mountain and one water, one tree and one stone are interspersed with people and ears "(fat batch). The location of the Grand View Garden should be in the second half of Ning and Fu, which is formed by making full use of the east courtyard of Fu and the west half of Fu. Ji Cheng wrote in "Gardening and Metallurgy" that "the old garden is beautifully renovated, and the natural old trees are full of flowers". The construction of Grand View Garden is a reconstruction project using the existing garden courtyard. The beauty of this is that it saves time and effort, and it can make full use of the existing conditions and adapt to local conditions, so it can be said that the site selection and construction of the Grand View Garden is very ingenious and successful. Press: Analysis of Difficulties: Aunt Xue moved to a quiet house in the northeast. After Xue Jiake lived in Jiafu, he lived in pear fragrance court, the northeast corner of Guo Rongfu. Lixiangyuan is located in the northeast corner of Guo Rong Building, and there is a backstreet behind it. You can go in and out freely without going through Guo Rong Building. That's for sure. When the Grand View Garden was completed, Aunt Xue "moved to a secluded house in the northeast, and pear fragrance court had already moved out and repaired it, so that teachers could teach female drama here". The location of this "Northeast Quiet House" in Guo Rongfu has always been controversial, especially when planning Jiafu Courtyard. The word "Shang" in "Northeast Shang" cannot be understood as "Shang" here, but should be understood as "orientation", that is, "northeast direction". For example, back to the thirteenth time, "when Xifeng wanted to ask questions, she heard the cloud board on the second door knock four times." On the seventy-eighth turn, Baochai said, "It was for me that I was in the garden and the southeast corner was always open." It can be seen that the word "Shang" here is a function word indicating orientation. Therefore, the phrase "northeast" should be understood as "a certain area in the northeast of Rongguofu. So where is this mysterious residence? There is no direct expression in the book, but we can still find some information from the description in the book. On the fifty-ninth occasion, Lady Jia and Lady Wang sent the spirits. The book says, "Except for Mrs. Wang's big house, the east and west corner gates in the garden are often the entrance for his sister to go in and out. The east corner gate is connected to Aunt Xue, and the others are locked. These two doors are in the inner court, so there is no need to lock them. It is clearly pointed out here that there is a corner gate on the east side of the Grand View Garden that leads directly to Aunt Xue's house. Literally, it can never be understood as the east corner gate of the "northeast quiet courtyard" where the Xue family lives, but there is something strange. If the east corner gate of the Grand View Garden leads to the Xue family, Xue Zhai should be on the east side of the Grand View Garden. As we all know, the Grand View Garden is a combination of the East Courtyard of Guo Rongfu and the West Courtyard of Fanghui Garden of Ningguo House. If Xue Zhai was on the east side of the Grand View Garden, wouldn't he have gone to Ningguo Mansion? It really makes no sense. In order to avoid this phenomenon, some Jiafu courtyard plans arrange Xue Zhai in the northwest corner of Guo Rongfu, and explain that this "East Gate" is the East Gate of Xue Zhai, not the East Gate of Grand View Garden. However, if we carefully proofread the description in the book according to this layout, there are indeed contradictions. The thirty-fourth time, Xue Baochai was angry with her brother at Aunt Xue's place, and returned to Wu Hengyuan and cried all night. The next day, I came out of Wu Hengyuan, went to Xue Zhai, met Aunt Xue, and met Baoyu in the garden. This morning, Lin Daiyu stood under the shade of flowers near Hongyi Garden. Hongyi Garden is in the southeast of Grand View Garden. Just then, Xue Baochai came from Wu Hengyuan, north of the Grand View Garden, and met Dai Yu standing in the shade of flowers. It can be seen that Baochai went from north to southeast. In the seventy-eighth chapter of the book, there is also a passage like this: "Three selves are in the garden, and the small southeast corner door is always open. It was originally for me. People who can't get in and out go there to save the road, and no one checks it. If something comes from there, it won't interfere with their faces. " To be sure, the Xue family is in the southeast of the Grand View Garden. So where is this mysterious Xue Zhai located in the northeast of Guo Rongfu and southeast of Daguan Garden? The following general plan of Jiafu Grand View Garden gives an explanation. It is located in the northeast of Mrs. Wang's Courtyard and Jia She's Courtyard of Guo Rongfu, the southeast of Grand View Garden and the east of the main entrance of Grand View Garden. This location is just near the private path between Rongning Mansions, and the Xue family can often go in and out freely without crossing Fu Rong. Therefore, judging from the positioning and daily activities of Xue Zhai after Yue Yue, this arrangement is reasonable. Then some people may ask, when the Grand View Garden was built, didn't it also use part of the old garden where Guo Rongfu and Jia She lived? If Xue Zhai was built in this position, it happened to be stuck between the Grand View Garden and the old Fu Rongyuan, so how could the Grand View Garden use the old Fu Rongyuan? For this question, we will carefully read the book about the construction process of the Grand View Garden. " Since then, craftsmen from all walks of life have gathered together to carry gold, silver, copper and tin, civil bricks and tiles without stopping. Schilling craftsmen have demolished the walls and castles of Ningfu Club Fiona Fang and directly entered the East Yard of Fu Rong. All the inferior houses in the east of Fu Rong were demolished. When it is called the second home in Rongning, although there is an alley, it is also a private place, not an official one. Therefore, it can be connected. Fang Hui Garden originally attracted a stream of water from the North Point wall, but it is not annoying to introduce it again today. Although its rocks and trees are not enough, Jia She lives in the old Fu Rong Garden, where bamboo trees, rocks and pavilions and railings can be moved. Therefore, the two places are very close, so they can save a lot of money together, not vertically enough, and the addition is limited. "From this description, we can see that the Grand View Garden demolished the wall on the west side of Fang Huiyuan in Ningguo Mansion, and merged with the East Courtyard of Guo Rongfu, without dismantling the wall of the old Fu Rongyuan where Jia She lived. As can be seen from the following, after the completion of the Grand View Garden, Jia She still lived in the old Fu Rongyuan and did not move away. It can be seen that when the Grand View Garden was built, some bamboo trees, rocks, pavilions and railings in Jia She's courtyard could only be misappropriated, and Jia She's courtyard was not incorporated into the Grand View Garden.

3. Garden layout of Grand View Garden: We know that the four elements of garden layout are architecture, rock, water and plants, and the design of garden is also the layout of these four elements. The author will analyze from these four aspects:

(1) Architectural layout of the Grand View Garden: The buildings in the Grand View Garden are divided into east and west parts by a central axis running through the north and south. On the central axis, from south to north, there are Zhengyuanmen, Cui Yu rockery, Qinfangting Bridge, Yupailou and mothering villa. In the eastern half of this axis, from south to north, there are buildings offering sacrifices to and enjoying the moon, buildings of Buddhist temples and Taoist temples (including Jade Hall) and Qin Fang Gate Bridge. The western half of this axis is the residential area of all women in the Red Chamber. From south to north, there are Xiaoxiang Pavilion, Zi Ling Island (decorated with brocade architecture), Qiushuangzhai, Daoxiang Village, Warm Fragrant House, and Wu Heng Garden and Botanical Garden Scenic Area (including Hongxiangpu and Nursery Hall), among which Didi Pavilion is near Xiaoxiang Pavilion, Ou Xiangxie is near Liaofengxuan of Warm Fragrant House, and Lu Xian Temple. There are also flower houses (meeting rooms) and tea rooms near the main entrance of Daguan Garden. One of the most important points is that the harem courtyard in the west of Daguan Garden is actually arranged along the river (Qinfang River), and several important scenic spots in the park are also set along the river, and the traffic connection across the river is the bridge. There are not many kinds of bridges in the Grand View Garden, and the most famous one is Qinfangting Bridge. This bridge is located in the main traffic road, and Baodai and Baodai have to cross this bridge. Qinfang Pavilion Bridge is a pavilion bridge, that is, a pavilion is built on the bridge. In addition, there is a laminated bamboo column slab bridge near Hengwuyuan, which is a flat-folded bridge. There is also a bridge in the northeast corner of Daguan Garden, namely Qin Fang Gate Bridge. There is a sluice under the bridge, which is located at the water source of the whole park to raise the water level. On the way from Yihongyuan to Hengwuyuan and Daoxiang Village, there is a bridge called "Bee Waist Bridge". On the way from the Garden to Xiaoxiang Pavilion, there is a bridge called "Cui Yan Bridge", the form of which is unknown. Some buildings have their own bridges, such as Lotus Champs, which are connected by bamboo bridges, and Didi Pavilion, which is connected by curved bridges. It can be seen that the Grand View Garden has many architectural forms and complex layout, but if we grasp the skeleton of the "Qin Fang Liu", it will be suddenly enlightened. This can be seen from Mr. Zhou's understanding of the Grand View Garden in his long-term career of redology research. Mr. Zhou wrote: "All the main arteries and souls of the Grand View Garden are a Qinfangxi, which meanders through Youlong. Pavilion, bridge, spring and sluice are all named after these two words, which can be proved. All landscapes are themed on streams. " The ponds, terraces, pavilions, springs, rocks, forests and ponds in the Grand View Garden are all arranged in a spiral shape, which points out the key and soul of the architectural layout of the Grand View Garden.

(2) Mountain-building in the Grand View Garden: Looking at the description of rocks in the Grand View Garden, we can see that the mountain system in the Grand View Garden can be divided into two categories: one is rock-building, that is, rocky mountains; The other is a heaped-up mountain. There are two rockeries in this garden. One is the famous "Cui Yu", which is located in the north of the main entrance of the garden. It is a big rockery made of white stones. Its main function is like a screen wall at the entrance of a quadrangle, which blocks the line of sight of the entrants and increases the spatial level at the entrance; The second is Luogang Cave in the northwest of Grand View Garden. This is a big hole in a rockery made of strange stones. This cave is a water cave, through which Qin Fangxi passes and can be used for ships. These two Rocky Mountains are covered with ivy and other vines. Another big category is earth mountain, that is, hills piled with soil. These mountains are mainly concentrated in the north of the garden, and their branches extend south to the east and west sides to all parts of the garden. Among these mountains, there is the main mountain in the north of "mothering Villa", and the branch line runs through the courtyard wall of Wu Heng Garden to the west. Among them, there is a mountain behind Hongyi Garden, next to Daoxiang Village, and a group of moon-appreciating buildings "Tubi Villa" are built on the ridge of a hill.

(3) Water management of Grand View Garden: The water system of Grand View Garden is actually relatively simple. It has been pointed out in Jia Zhen's narrative of the seventeenth session that Jia Zhen's exact words are "the original gate flows to the mouth of the cave, from the northeast mountain to the village, and then open a fork to the southwest, and * * * flows all the way here, still in one place, and goes out from under the wall". This passage can be interpreted as the water source of the Grand View Garden, which leads to a stream of living water from the north corner wall of Fanghui Garden and leads to the northeast corner of the Grand View Garden. Finally, the mainstream and tributaries converge into a stream in the backyard of the garden and flow out from the wall of the Grand View Garden near the garden. This is the overall situation of the water system of the Grand View Garden. In the first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, there was no water system layout centered on the lake, only words such as "Qingxi", "River" and "Pool", indicating that there was no huge water surface in the Grand View Garden, only a small river passed by. In the process of river flow, the river surface is sometimes wide and sometimes narrow, forming different pools. Many buildings in the garden are built by the river and pond, such as Zi Ling Island built by the water, Qiushuangzhai, Didi Pavilion built in the pool, lotus root and so on.

(4) Plant configuration in the Grand View Garden: A remarkable feature of plant configuration in the Grand View Garden is that plants are designed for people and scenery, and different plants set off the characters, shape the environment and set off the atmosphere. For example, take the three famous courtyards in the Grand View Garden as an example to analyze: Hongyi Courtyard is the most elegant and magnificent courtyard in the Grand View Garden. According to the book, there are peach blossoms, wild roses, precious flowers, roses and weeping willows. Outside the yard, there is also a begonia tree, including plantains and pine trees. Therefore, the general tone of Justin is a warm tone with red as the main color and green as the background. Bright and bright colors, rich and fresh, set off Jia Baoyu's personality characteristics well. Xiaoxiang Pavilion is the residence of Lin Daiyu, another hero of A Dream of Red Mansions. Bamboo is the most famous in the courtyard, so Xiaoxiang Pavilion is dominated by bamboo, and there are pear trees and plantains in the backyard. The colors are green and white. This plant configuration embodies Lin Daiyu's unsociable and clean personality. Bamboo is the symbol of Xiaoxiang Pavilion and the symbol of Lin Daiyu's character. Here, the image of the museum, the image of people and the image of bamboo are integrated. Hengwuyuan is the residence of Jia Baoyu's aunt and cousin Xue Baochai. There are no flowers and trees in the yard, but there are all kinds of herbs. Although vanilla is not gorgeous, it has a refreshing fragrance. This plain and fragrant plant configuration sets off Xue Baochai's simple and generous appearance, but she exudes a touching personality charm. Just like the empty valley orchid praised by Confucius, its appearance is light and fragrant. In addition, there is an idyllic scene in Daoxiang Village, decorated with various farm plants, which reflects Li Wan's life pursuit of being widowed and devoting herself to educating her children. Zi Ling Island is dominated by aquatic plants. How to plant Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, reed leaves and water chestnut? Most aquatic plants are weak and go with the flow, which is very consistent with the cowardly character of Yingchun. The autumn frost house is dominated by banana and phoenix tree, which embodies the word "frost" in autumn. Banana indus has broad leaves, which sets off Tanchun's generous character. The plum blossom in the jade palace is a symbol of aloof character and the materialization of Miaoyu's character. Wait, wait, wait In order to cooperate with the development of the story, plants with their own characteristics, such as the word "Qiang" painted by Lingguan, are matched with rose stands; Osmanthus autumn crab banquet: Bai Haitang Chrysanthemum Poetry Society; Xiangyun drunk peony flowers; Qingwen died of illness and became a hibiscus god and so on. Therefore, the plant arrangement in the Grand View Garden truly embodies the basic principles of plant arrangement in China garden design.

According to the previous discussion, we know that the courtyard is located on the east side of the main entrance of the Grand View Garden, which is no problem, but a detail in the book has caused me to think. The seventeenth time in the book, Jia Zhen led Jia Zheng, Baoyu and others to visit the Grand View Garden, entered through the garden gate, and got lost in the garden. At this time, Jia Zhen's words are quite intriguing. The original text is like this: "Master, come with me. Going out from this door is the backyard. Going out from the backyard is closer than before. " So everyone went out from the back door of the building to the backyard of Yee Justin, from the backyard to the road, and from the main entrance of the Grand View Garden. But this is a problem! Why is it closer to the main entrance of Grand View Garden from the backyard than from the gate? If the relationship between Yee Hong Courtyard and Zhengyuanmen is as shown in the figure, then there is no such relationship as written in this article. However, the layout that conforms to this relationship can only be that the gate of Yiyuan Hongbi Chicken Garden is farther south, and this relationship will be more obvious from the back door than from the front door. As shown in the figure. So we can draw the following conclusions: Yihong Garden is farther south than the main entrance of Daguan Garden. Based on this analysis, the layout of the Grand View Garden in this paper presents the shape of more than one piece in the southeast to reflect the idea that "Hongyi always has a garden" (fat batch). Therefore, can we assume that Cao Xueqin should have drawn a plan when he created the Grand View Garden, and on this plan, Cao Gong must have carefully planned the layout of each courtyard. We know that the Grand View Garden is the "pure land" in Cao Gong's mind. As the only male in the Grand View Garden, Jia Baoyu is the guardian and watcher of this daughter world, and does not belong to this clean daughter world. Therefore, Hongyi Garden, as Jia Baoyu's residence, located in the lower reaches of Qin Fang, should stand out from the square plane of Grand View Garden, thus forming a very strange handle plane. As a loyal reader of Cao Gong, Zhi Yanzhai must have seen this plan of the Grand View Garden, but she thinks that the plan of the Grand View Garden is this strange shape because there is an extra area in the northwest of the Grand View Garden. It was this mistake that led the researchers who later tried to restore the original appearance of the Grand View Garden to create many plans of the Grand View Garden only in the northwest according to this criticism.

From the previous discussion, we have made a detailed analysis of the courtyards, buildings and scenic spots in the Grand View Garden. Below, we will draw the layout of the Grand View Garden according to the results of the above analysis. For the plane layout design of the Grand View Garden, besides conforming to the spatial relationship obtained through the analysis and induction of the original, it is also necessary to integrate the scenic spots in the original, so that there is an organic connection between the scenic spots, rather than a loose sand. Based on the above considerations, the graphic design of Grand View Garden in this paper mainly embodies the following characteristics: The first characteristic is the centralized layout of similar scenic spots. For example, in the Grand View Garden, there are many buildings and scenic spots with the theme of "Cui", such as Cui Yan Bridge, Xiaocui Garden and Cuidi Pavilion. Through the previous analysis, these buildings are all near Xiaoxiang Pavilion. We know that Xiaoxiang Pavilion is full of bamboos, so these landscape buildings with the theme of "green" must be named after it. In addition, Daoxiang Village is characterized by rural natural scenery, while Xue Lu Temple and Guoluoshi Port are also characterized by natural scenery. Therefore, such scenic spots should be relatively concentrated in pieces to reflect the relationship between the scenery. The advantage of this layout is that in the whole plane layout, the theme of scenic spots is prominent, and the scenery appears in pieces and remains intact; The second feature is that Qin Fangxi is the skeleton of the Grand View Garden, and the Red Mansion and Zhu Fang's courtyards are arranged along the river, which embodies Jia Baoyu's famous assertion that "the daughter is made of water". According to the analysis of the original works, the courtyards along the river include Hengwuyuan, Daoxiang Village, Zhujinlou, Qiushuangzhai, Xiaoxiang Pavilion and Yihongyuan. The architectural attractions along the river include concave crystal pavilion, lotus root, Cuidi pavilion, Qinfang pavilion bridge and so on. The spatial relationship between courtyards in the Grand View Garden is complicated, but with the skeleton of Qin Fangxi, the relationship between courtyards in the Grand View Garden is much clearer. What needs to be emphasized here is that Qinfangxi is divided into two streams in Daoxiang Village, one is the main stream and the other is the auxiliary stream, and the land sandwiched between these two streams just forms a "underwater continent". As we know, Jinlou is located in Zi Ling. Since it is named "Zhou", there must be a source, so it is appropriate to put Zi Ling Island on this "land divided into two waters", so Jinlou, where Yingchun lives, is arranged on this underwater continent. The above two points are two remarkable characteristics of the layout of the Grand View Garden in this paper. It is precisely because of these two points that the layout of the Grand View Garden in this paper is more compact, and it also better reflects that the Grand View Garden described in the original work is only in a corner. But it was handled skillfully, and people saw its thousands of mountains and rivers, and suddenly they didn't know what to do. The so-called understanding means that you don't care about distance. Generally speaking, a mountain, a water, a tree and a stone are all interspersed with characters. In addition, the layout of the Grand View Garden in this paper is also different from the previous grand view garden planning, which is based on a criticism of "I want to come to the temple in this garden". According to the garden, it is not the foundation of the temple. After the northwest passes through Jia Mu's bedroom, you can know how wide the northwest is and how easy it is to send cards. "Arranged in the northwest in the shape of a knife handle, the layout of the Grand View Garden in this paper is subject to Yi.