In the Western Middle Ages, the Christian Bible described everything in the world as a special creation of God. This is creationism or creationism. Creationism means that the whole nature was created to show the glory of the creator. There are many questions: God created the world on the 7th. What is the definition of that day? After all, the Old Testament was written in Hebrew, and the Hebrew definition of a day may be 24 hours, or it may be a long or short period of time. Is that day defined as 1 day or a period of time? Was it God's masterpiece that nylon bacteria that could only eat nylon were discovered later? Intelligent design theory, also known as teleology, is a theology, because intelligent design theory generally has no god. Intelligent design theory means that the world must have been created by a supernatural thing, and certain rules have been designed, thus causing these phenomena. The characteristics of these phenomena can be summarized as irreducible complexity, specific complexity and the order and regularity of everything in the universe. After the cell membrane was proved to be a fat-soluble weak acid, it was denied several times and was completely denied in front of the PAM matrix established by gene biology. Invariance theory, from the Renaissance in the second half of15th century to18th century, is the period of the formation and development of modern natural science. The dominant view of the scientific community in this period is invariance. At that time, this view was expressed by Newton and C.V. Linnaeus as a scientific law: the earth moves because of the so-called first driving force, and then moves forever. This is true of biological species, and so are reference materials now and in the future. /kloc-the second half of the 0 th/8 th century. 1. Kant's theory of heaven first opened the first gap in the unchanging view of nature; Subsequently, the natural view of transformation theory gradually formed in various fields of natural science. Some biologists in this period were often confused between the two concepts. For example, in his later years, Linnaeus deleted the word species invariance in his book Natural Systems. G .-l. d. e. Buffon, a French biologist, brought transformation theory into biology, but he lingered between transformation theory and invariance theory all his life. J.-B.D.E. Lamarck expounded his views on biotransformation in the book Animal Philosophy published in 1809, and never wavered. From the end of 18 to the end of 19, most zoologists did not seriously study biological evolution, deviated from the materialism tradition of ancient Greece and fell into idealism. Although the "vitality theory" admits that biological species can be transformed, it attributes the cause of evolution to immaterial internal forces, and holds that the "internal forces" of organisms, that is, vitality, drive the evolution of organisms, making them more and more complex and perfect. However, the theory of vitality lacks practical evidence and is an idealistic speculation. Lamarconism Lamarconism, also known as the theory of using and discarding, is the most famous vitality theorist under the influence of vitality theory, that is, the French biologist Lamarconism. /kloc-the ultimate teleology or direct birth theory, which appeared in the late 0/9th century, holds that no matter how the external environment changes, biological evolution has an established route and direction. Later generations called Lamarckianism or Lamarckianism on biological evolution, and its main point is: (1) Species are changeable, and species are groups of mutated individuals. (2) The creatures in nature have a series of grades (steps) from simple to complex, and the creatures themselves have an inherent "willpower" to drive the creatures to develop and change from low to high. (3) organisms have great adaptability to the environment; Environmental changes will cause biological changes, thus improving its adaptability; The diversification of environment is the fundamental reason of biodiversity. (4) The change of environment will cause the change of animal habits, which will make some organs develop when they are used frequently, while others will degenerate when they are not used; Directional variation under the influence of environment, that is, acquired traits, can be inherited. If the environment changes in a certain direction, due to the use of organs and acquired inheritance, tiny variations gradually accumulate and eventually organisms evolve. The inner will in Lamarckian theory is idealistic; Acquired is mostly phenotypic variation, and modern genetics has proved that it cannot be inherited.