The State Council Academic Degrees Committee defined civil engineering as: "Civil engineering is the general name of science and technology for building various engineering facilities. It not only refers to the object of engineering construction, that is, various engineering facilities built on the ground, underground and in water, but also refers to the materials and equipment used and the professional technologies such as survey, design, construction, maintenance and repair. " Civil engineering is a first-class discipline with a wide professional coverage.

The word "civil" means folk in English. The word "civil engineering" was originally born corresponding to military engineering. It refers to all civil engineering facilities needed for life and production except for war facilities. Later, this definition became less clear. According to disciplines, underground protection works, space launch towers and other facilities also belong to the category of civil engineering.

The stability and importance of civil engineering first lies in that it is the basic industry and pillar industry of the country and an important platform for developing and absorbing China's labor resources. Because of its large investment and many industries, it plays a decisive role in the rise and fall of the national economy. After the reform and opening up, China's national economy continued to take off, and the contribution rate of civil engineering industry reached L/3. In recent years, China's investment in fixed assets approaches or even exceeds 50% of the total GDP, most of which is related to the civil engineering industry. With the development of urbanization, this trend will continue to show the momentum of growth.

Compared with traditional disciplines such as mechanical engineering, civil engineering was born earlier and its development and evolution history is older. At the same time, it is a subject with strong vitality. Its strong vitality stems from the dependence of human life and even survival. It is no exaggeration to say that as long as there are human beings, civil engineering has a strong social demand and broad development space. With the progress of technology and the development of the times, civil engineering has continuously injected fresh blood, showing great vitality. Among them, the reform of engineering materials and the development of mechanical theory play the most important role in promoting.

The development history of civil engineering should first discuss ancient civil engineering, which can be traced back to the ruins of Xi 'an banpo village around the 50th century BC, the Egyptian pyramids in the 26th century BC, Dujiangyan in the 3rd century BC, and the famous civil engineering such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Notre Dame de Paris and Florence Church in the Italian Renaissance after the Middle Ages (15th century ~16th century). This is a long and glorious period in the history of civil engineering development. /kloc-The industrial revolution marked by Watt's invention of the steam engine in the second half of the 8th century promoted the development of modern civil engineering. 1824, British J. asp Ting invented portland cement, 1856 converter steelmaking was successful, which provided a sufficient and solid material foundation for civil engineering.

After World War II, with the recovery of the world economy, countries have invested heavily in various infrastructures. The highways in Europe, America and Japan, many cable-stayed bridges on the Rhine River in Germany and the Seine River in France, the development of high-rise buildings and subways in many big cities in Europe, America and Japan, long-span hangars, gymnasiums, airport stations, nuclear power plants, and cross-sea projects initiated by two island countries, Japan and Denmark, have formed a glorious period of modern civil engineering.

Modern civil engineering is no longer a masonry building in the traditional sense, but a large-scale comprehensive discipline armed with new theories, new materials, new technologies and new methods, which is indispensable to many fields and industries. It is an ancient and young subject. To sum up, civil engineering is an important first-class discipline, a large-scale comprehensive industry with a long history, strong vitality and huge investment, which has a pulling effect on the national economy and has a wide professional coverage and industry.

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Know how to lift a finger. Team leader: Xiao Bin