This paper analyzes the main problems existing in rural education, and expounds that a correct view of rural education is the key to solve these problems. Only by improving the quality of rural education administrators and adhering to the correct guiding ideology can rural education be truly developed.
Keywords: rural education; Educational issues; Solution measures
China Library Classification Number: G725 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1006-3315 (2014) 07-150-002.
Southern Weekend once published a letter from Li Changping, secretary of the Party Committee of a township in Jianli County, Hubei Province, to the leader of the State Council, which said? Farmers are really bitter, the countryside is really poor, and agriculture is really dangerous? , China? Three rural issues? Mentioned extremes. People can't help thinking: Why is China, which has a history of 5,000 years of agricultural civilization, in the countryside of 2 1 century? Bitter? 、? Poor? 、? Risk? Situation? Some scholars put forward five? Weak quality? The natural weaknesses of industry, means of production, labor subjects, agricultural organizations and social policies have caused the weaknesses of rural society as a whole. I think under the current realistic conditions, the weakness of the labor subject is the most important factor. The quality of the main body of the labor force directly points to rural education.
First, the necessity of developing rural education
Since the reform and opening up, rural education has developed significantly, and the scale and level of rural education have improved to a certain extent. However, according to a report published by China Youth Daily on February 14, 2003, China? Education and human resources report? It is said that in 2000, there were still 86.992 million illiterate people in China10.5 years old, which was more than the total population of a German country. The average educational years of people aged 25 to 64 are only 7.97 years, which is equivalent to the level of the United States 100 years ago. Three quarters of illiterate people live in rural areas. The average length of education of rural population is only 7.33 years. The proportion of education level of urban, county, township and rural laborers is: the proportion of people with college education or above is 20∶9∶ 1, the proportion of people with high school education is 4∶3∶ 1, and the proportion of people with junior high school education is 0.91∶ 65438. Although the country has paid more attention to rural education in recent ten years and increased the input of manpower, material resources and energy, in fact, the education level and scientific and cultural quality of rural labor force in China are still very low, which restricts the improvement of rural productivity and hinders the further development of rural economy. China Education and Human Resources Report pointed out that although China is rich in labor resources, its overall quality lags far behind that of developed countries. The information in the report shows that although? Literacy? Over the years, the effect has attracted worldwide attention, but the number of illiterate people in China is still huge. In 2000, there were 87 million illiterate people aged 65,438+06,5438+0. On March 3rd, 2065438, a report issued by UNESCO said that among the ten countries with the highest illiteracy rate in the world, China ranked eighth in the number of adult illiterates, and the total number of adult illiterates in these ten countries accounted for about the total number of illiterates in the world.
The competition in today's world is the competition between talents and technology that people often mentioned in the past? The problem of farmers is the problem of land? ,? To get rich, it is obviously not in line with the development of the times to build roads first. China's modernization will go through rural industrialization and urbanization; Its internal driving force is the development of rural human resources in China. This is not to let rural people turn their hukou into urban people, but to realize it? The transformation of small-scale peasant producers, civilized people and modern people? . The Blue Book of China Academy of Social Sciences once pointed out:? It is effective to control farmers' behavior only by administrative orders and persuasion and education, but it is already difficult. A new generation of rural elites has emerged. Protecting them means protecting rural productive forces, educating them and protecting rural productive forces. ?
Economic system reform and economic development, as well as the realization of agricultural modernization in China, require improving the overall quality of rural population and vigorously developing rural human resources. That is to improve the quality of farmers, so that they can master various professional technologies and skills, market economy knowledge, democratic awareness and legal awareness, promote the all-round development of rural economy and make rural society progress. To realize these wishes, only by strengthening rural education in China, and at the same time, improving the quality of rural population is also an urgent need to adapt to the requirements of the knowledge economy era and change the mode of rural economic growth.
The quality of rural education has double meanings: first, the quality of rural education advocated by the state is based on the degree to which rural education at all levels and types adapts to rural economic and social development. Second, it refers to the quality specifications that a rural school can achieve in a certain period of time. It takes the overall level of the educated's ideological and moral quality, cultural knowledge quality, physical and mental quality and labor ability quality as the index to meet the needs of individual development. Today, the rural population still accounts for more than 60% of the national population, so rural education naturally becomes quality education? The main battlefield? .
Second, the main problems in rural education
1. Number and quality of teachers
First of all, the number of teachers is not guaranteed. Excellent teachers are unwilling to go to the countryside, or they can't stay after going. A large number of rural teachers flow from rural areas to cities and towns, resulting in a shortage of rural primary and secondary school teachers. Secondly, many rural teachers lack the opportunity to study again. Their scientific and cultural knowledge and educational ideas can no longer meet the needs of a rapidly developing society. Teachers have a heavy workload and their teaching level is not high. Some teachers are older. Although rich in teaching experience, but the educational concept and teaching methods are backward, still stay in? Listen, write, read, recite and test? These traditional forms stifle children's imagination and creativity to a great extent, and seriously affect the quality of teaching. Rural education is also facing the pressure of further education, and exam-oriented education is still a common phenomenon in junior high school and even senior high school education, which is incompatible with the great wave of quality education reform today.
2. Lack of opportunities for teacher training
Due to the shortage of funds and establishment, even some rural teachers have to teach several courses, so they have little time and funds for business training. In addition, the backward educational technology and the lack of book resources in rural schools have affected the re-learning and further improvement of rural teachers.
3. School and family education are separated.
Education is two-way, which requires both school management and family management. Judging from the survey results, rural families failed to play much role in student education. The first reason is that parents are mostly farmers, who are usually busy with their livelihood and have no time to take care of their children's education. If they are left-behind children, grandparents will not have so much time and energy to care about their children's education and management. Second, parents' educational level is limited, and it is basically impossible to give professional guidance to their children's courses. Therefore, slightly wealthy families have to send their children to schools in cities, which is why rural schools have not developed or even shrunk.
Third, measures to improve rural education
1. Knowledge of rural cadres
Have any scholars ever pointed out the countryside? Is the root cause or essence of poverty the knowledge poverty of cadres? Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the education of rural cadres and strive to improve their leadership ability, level and effect. The knowledge and specialization of cadres, as well as the corresponding organizational leadership and management level, directly affect the development of rural education. 2. Change of ideas
? Let the peasants awaken themselves to knowledge, dear civilization? This is the bounden mission of education. Of course, this concept also includes many other contents. For example, the concept of marriage and childbearing bears the brunt. Although the rural population has become more and more open-minded in recent years, many rural families still prefer boys to girls, thus forming a vicious circle. Another trend is that, like many urban families, rural families are more willing to let their children study science and engineering than social science subjects. There was once an uncle who spoke eloquently because science and engineering were more practical. Of course, this practicality has a lot to do with the reality in rural areas. Most of them want their children to get rich immediately after school. In this respect, they are more practical than urban families. But I think people-oriented thought is also of great significance for farmers to change the status quo.
3. Increase investment in rural education.
? Our campus is too small to hold a pommel horse; Our school is poorly built and often moves; Our classroom is very dark, with only a few watts of light; Our desks and chairs are very old. Will it creak when sitting on it? This poem "From the Heart" recited by more than 20 children of migrant workers at the Spring Festival party in 2007 made countless people cry. Establish and improve diversified basic education models, raise education funds through multiple channels and increase investment, including improving hardware facilities (school buildings, teaching equipment, etc.). ) and software facilities, the latter is most directly reflected in improving the treatment of rural teachers. Improving the treatment of rural teachers can stimulate more talents to invest in rural construction and the cultivation of future talents in rural areas. To improve the education and material conditions for running schools in rural areas, the government should increase investment and mobilize social charitable donations, and the policy should be as inclined as possible to weak and remote rural primary and secondary schools. Distribute education funds to schools in a fixed, regular and quantitative way, so as to avoid the interception of education funds and ensure the stability and reliability of rural education funds. We should attach importance to the renovation of dilapidated buildings in rural schools, purchase necessary books and educational instruments and equipment, and improve the management level, school conditions and teaching quality of village-run primary schools.
4. Strengthen rural education reform
For rural students, most of them are simple and lovely, with strong plasticity. Therefore, teachers should constantly improve their sense of educational responsibility, improve teaching methods, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and cultivate rural students' good thinking quality and creative ability to meet the needs of modern society for talents. At the same time, due to the living environment and learning conditions of rural children, they need the care and care of teachers. Teachers should closely link life practice with production practice in classroom teaching, change the spoon-feeding teaching method that focuses on exams and pursues the enrollment rate unilaterally in the past, so that students can truly realize the significance of real talents and skills to their future work and life. We should not only let rural children go to school, but also make them eager to learn and fall in love with school. They will not drop out of school because of difficult family conditions, nor will they delay their future because of the quality of teaching. This is the only way for rural education reform in China.
Strengthening rural basic education is of course the main way to improve the quality of rural future labor force. Actively develop rural vocational and technical education in various forms, ways and mechanisms, so as to make new development and breakthrough in rural education and make greater contributions to the development of rural human resources. At the same time, we should also note that a large number of illiterate young people still exist. Recently, I went to a rural area to help train domestic workers, and I deeply realized the influence of illiteracy on migrant workers. Therefore, while continuing to strengthen rural basic education, adult education cannot be ignored.
5. Strengthen the construction of rural teachers.
To build a qualified team of rural teachers, we must improve the status and treatment of rural teachers and improve their quality on the basis of ensuring the number of rural teachers. First of all, the government should do everything possible to improve the living and working conditions of rural teachers and attract advanced, diligent and ambitious college graduates to teach in rural areas. These teachers have qualified ideological quality and professional knowledge and skills. Driven by ideal career prospects, they can give full play to their work enthusiasm and meet people's ardent expectations of them. Bringing rural education into the implementation of national education and lifelong education is the fundamental way to fundamentally promote rural population and rural society to get rid of poverty and embark on the road of sustainable development.
China is the largest developing country in the world. Rural education determines the future of China ―― This is the theme of a report on the current situation of rural education in China in June 2003 in German newspaper frankfurter allgemeine zeitung. Because the rural population in China accounts for more than half of the total population, only rural development can drive the development of the country. In other words, only a well-off society in rural areas can lead to a well-off society in the whole country. The cultivation of rural talents has a decisive influence on rural development. Therefore, in a sense, rural education determines the future of rural areas and even the future of China.
References:
[1] education and human resources report. China Youth Daily, February 2003, 14.
[2] Chen Jingjing. Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Education in China, Journal of Yangtze University (Social Science Edition), 20111.
[3] Feng Jianxia, Li Jinqi. Rural education problems and the implementation of the central and western projects of the national training plan, Journal of Huanggang Normal University, 20 13 0 1.