With the transition from the industrial age to the information age and the arrival of the knowledge-based economy age based on knowledge and technology, the technical level in the fields of information, communication, transportation and management has been rapidly improved, making intangible assets an important driving force for economic growth and enterprise development in various countries, and people pay more and more attention to intangible assets. China has also entered the era of knowledge economy, and the proportion of intangible assets in enterprise assets is increasing. Business operators, investors, government agencies, accounting standards designers and researchers have all paid more attention to intangible assets. This paper discusses the defects of accounting recognition and measurement of intangible assets, which are not suitable for the requirements of knowledge economy and need to be improved. The third part of the article analyzes the defects of the current intangible assets accounting, mainly from two aspects: confirmation and measurement. The fourth part puts forward the problems that need to be solved under the knowledge economy, mainly the expansion of the scope of intangible assets and the renewal of recognition standards. The fifth part focuses on the challenges faced by intangible assets measurement under the knowledge economy and two methods of intangible assets measurement.