Lotus scientific name: Lotus alias: Lotus, Lotus, Shuizhi, Hibiscus, Bloom, Shuifu, Shuidan, Shuihibiscus, Zezhi, Yuhuan, Caohibiscus, June Spring, Chinese Lotus and other families and genera: Nymphaeaceae, Lotus. There are two species of this genus, the other is Huang Lian, and N.pentapetala is produced in the United States. Lotus is native to tropical Asia and Oceania. In addition to China, Japan, the Soviet Union, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Australia and other countries have distribution. Before artificial cultivation in China, there were wild lotus flowers a long time ago. Professor Ren Xu, a paleobotanist, discovered lotus leaf fossils in Qaidam Basin 40 years ago, which is at least 654.38 billion+0 billion years ago. 1973, 7,000-year-old lotus pollen fossils were found among the cultural relics unearthed from Hemudu Cultural Site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province. In the same year, two carbonized lotus seeds were found in Yangshao cultural site in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 5000 years ago. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century), the ancients ate about 40 kinds of vegetables, and lotus root was one of them. There is a phrase "flowers in the cheeks" in Yujing, which means that lotus flowers grow everywhere in the swamp waters of the motherland. Today, there is still a large area of wild lotus near the Lotus River in Xingkai Lake, Mishan County, Heilongjiang Province. Lotus in China starts from Hainan Island in the south (about 19 degrees north latitude), reaches Fujin in Heilongjiang Province in the north (47.3 degrees north latitude), borders Shanghai and Taiwan Province Province in the east, and reaches Tianshan Mountain in the west, and is distributed in most parts of the country except Xizang Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province. The vertical distribution can reach 2000 meters, and it can also be seen in the deep mountains and ponds of Qinling and Shennongjia. Since 1980s, Wuhan City, Hubei Province has become a modern lotus variety resource center and research center. There is a Susan Temple in meishan county, Sichuan. There is a lotus pond in the temple, and there is a pavilion in the pond: Ruilian Pavilion. There is a couplet on the pole of the pavilion, which reads: "The affectionate moon invites you * * *, and the ownerless lotus blooms everywhere". Lotus blooms everywhere in China with its unique charm! Lotus is an aquatic flower that steals roots. Lotus root is the underground big stem of lotus growing in soil. There are many holes of different sizes in the cross section of lotus root, which is the air cavity formed by lotus to adapt to life in water. This kind of air cavity can also be seen in petioles and pedicels. There are also many small ducts for transporting water on the stem, and the walls of the ducts are attached with thickened mucilage lignocellulose. There is a certain elasticity, and many white lotus roots appear when the fracture is elongated. Old lotus root has more silk than micro lotus root. The terminal bud of seed lotus root is called "lotus root", and it is covered with scales. After germination, white slender underground stems are drawn out, which is called "lotus root band". Lotus root band is segmented, and adventitious roots are surrounded by nodes. During festivals, leaves and flowers are drained. The new lotus root formed at the top of the lotus root belt is called the main lotus root. The vigorous lotus root has 4-7 lotus root tubes, each with a length of10-25cm and a diameter of about 6-12cm. The branch of the main lotus root is called the secondary lotus root; The young onion that grows again from the sub-lotus root is called Sun Lotus Root, which is often only 1 node. The size, shape, color, morning and evening, depth of mud, quality and flavor of lotus root vary from variety to variety, and are also affected by cultivation and conditions. The leaves are large, with a diameter of 70 cm, and the whole plant is shield-shaped with radial veins 14-2l. The leaves are dark green and rough, covered with short and blunt thorns. There is a layer of waxy white powder between thorns, so rain can condense into rolling water drops. The so-called "falling beads are broken and round" (Tang Du Fu's poem) celebrates the unique dynamic landscape of lotus after rain. The back of the leaves is green, smooth and hairless, the veins are raised, and there is a cylindrical petiole in the center to clean and jerk the lotus leaves. There are dense spines on the stalk, the joint between the petiole and the underground stem is white, and the water and water are divided into green. There are three kinds of leaves: Mr. Ding Ya's leaves, small in shape and thin in handle, float on the water, called money leaves, or money leaves; The first leaves that grow from the lotus root are slightly larger and also float on the water, which is called floating leaves; Later, the leaves protruding from the lotus root were called vertical leaves. Whether it is money leaves, floating leaves or vertical leaves, they are all rolled into ribbed strips before they come out of the water. The size, height and sequence of vertical leaves show obvious ascending and descending steps with the growth time. When the new lotus root is formed, the erect leaves pulled out are bigger than the previous one, but the thorns are shorter, which is called "dorsal leaf". A small leaf with a short stem and reddish back appears in front of it, which is called "terminal leaf". Only by identifying the terminal leaves can people find the position of the new lotus root in the mud. The flower primordium of lotus is planted in the bud of lotus root area, on the back of the base of young leaves; Flowers solitary, bisexual; Sepals 4-5, green, falling off after flowering; The battalion commander is peach-shaped, peach-shaped or round-peach-shaped, dark purple or grayish green; Flowers can be divided into single petals, compound petals, double petals and thousand petals, and the colors are crimson, pink, white, brownish green and intermediate colors. The flowering period is from June to September, and the single flowering period is only 3-4 days, most of which are closed at noon, and thousands of petals can be opened 10 days or more; The largest flower diameter can reach 30 cm, and the smallest is less than 10 cm; Stamens 60-450 or petaloid, anther fragments yellow, filaments white; The head is born, the ovary is superior, the carpels are separated, and they are scattered in the bowl-shaped and trumpet-shaped green receptacle. The swollen receptacle after withering is called lotus, which has 3-30 lotus cells. When it develops normally, each carpel forms an oval nut. Sometimes carpels are "blistered" or petal-shaped and cannot form fruits. This kind of fruit, commonly known as lotus seed, has a turquoise skin when it is green and turns dark blue when it matures. There are stomata and guard cells on the surface of pericarp, solid and dense palisade tissue under epidermis, and stomatal channels under stomata. The stomatal passage of mature lotus seed peel is very small, which hinders the free entry and exit of air and water, and even hinders the entry of microorganisms. This special organizational structure ensures the longevity of lotus seeds. It can be buried in the stratum for thousands of years without being destroyed, and can even be used for sowing and germination. In 1950s, China scientists and technicians discovered some ancient lotus seeds in the peat stratum of Pulandian, Liaoning Province. At that time, scientists from Beijing Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Soviet Union, Japan and other countries used them for germination experiments and achieved success. They are called ancient lotus seeds, with a thin seed coat outside and a nutritious white endosperm inside. In the center of endosperm, there is a green and tasty germ, commonly known as lotus. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * There are two species of this genus in the world, and 1 species is native to China. Lotus is also called lotus, hibiscus, lotus, lotus and lotus. Lotus is highly respected by the world for its elegant and noble charm, honesty and integrity. Throughout the ages, there have been many poems and songs praising lotus flowers. Zhou Dunyi once praised in "Ailian's Theory": "Mud is not stained, but clear and not demon". Lotus cultivation includes pond cultivation, potted plants and potted plants submerged. Lotus belongs to long-day plants, and the cultivation site should have sufficient light, and water should not be cut off during the growing period. Shallow water at the beginning of potted plants, and water at the end of flourishing period. Lotus seeds are delicate, so it is best to water them in the sun in spring to raise the mud temperature and promote growth. When potted plants are submerged, attention should be paid to the adjustment of water level, and the water surface should be10 ~15 cm away from the basin surface at the initial stage of growth; During the peak growth period, the water surface is 20 ~ 30cm away from the basin surface. If the water surface is too deep, it will affect flowering. When entering the rainy season, it is necessary to drain water in time. Flowering began in June 13, and the group flowering period was long, reaching 64 days. Flower density: dense, with eight flowers in a single tube. Most of them are white, the petals are slightly yellow-green at the base, and the tops are embedded with massive red and green patches. The colors of red, green, yellow and white are unique in the Netherlands. Red-violet body type: large flower type. Flowering began in July 14, and the colony flowering period was longer, which was 24 days. Flower density: more, 5 flowers per jar. Bud: round, peach-shaped, purplish red. Pattern: heavy platform type. Stamens: few, mostly petaloid, with yellowish appendages. Pistil: carpels are petal-shaped, but not solid. Carpels are all petaled into beautiful petals, which are planted on the receptacle to form flowers among flowers. The leaves of Chuzhou lotus are green and the surface is smooth. Single fuchsia, bowl-shaped. The petals are about 19 petals, and the flower diameter is 16- 18cm. The pistil develops normally, the seed setting rate is high and the receptacle is funnel-shaped. Lotus is an inverted cone with red stripes on its skin. Large flower-shaped lotus varieties, suitable for pond planting and potted plants. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *