Engineering construction supervision refers to the supervision and management of engineering construction by the supervision unit entrusted by the project legal person according to the engineering construction documents approved by the state, laws and regulations related to engineering construction, engineering construction supervision contracts and other engineering construction contracts. Engineering construction supervision is aimed at engineering construction activities, including the whole process supervision of engineering project activities, or the supervision of a certain stage of engineering project activities. At present, the supervision business in Foshan is mostly in the construction stage. The essence of supervision work is project management, including three major controls: quality, progress and investment. The cost supervision of engineering projects is mainly carried out around the project investment control, which is what we call cost supervision. Now I will talk about the cost supervision in the construction stage based on my own work experience. First, establish and improve the investment control system, improve the division of responsibilities and related systems, and implement responsibilities. In other words, it is necessary to put the responsibility of investment control into specific departments and personnel, and establish relevant systems to make investment control managed and "well-founded". For example, in Foshan Chengjian Supervision Company, in addition to the front-line on-site supervisors' control, the investment control task is also specifically implemented on the counterpart budget personnel of the business department, and the cost is controlled from the single cost to the total cost, and the rules and regulations of "the scope of work of the business department" and "the responsibilities of the pre-settlement personnel" are strictly followed. Second, familiar with the design drawings, design requirements, pre-tender estimate, etc. , clear the most vulnerable parts and links of the project cost, and clear the focus of investment control. 80% of the construction cost depends on the design. Therefore, in order to effectively control the cost, we must deeply understand the design intent, and be familiar with the construction plan and pre-tender estimate, so as to understand the tentative charging factors in the budget and pay attention to the difference between the actual construction situation and the budget. In the future supervision work, special attention should be paid to the increased cost of construction scheme change caused by the change of actual situation. For the civil engineering in the basement structure, the basement envelope, earthwork and waterproof engineering have the most variable factors (such as wall collapse and waterproof failure caused by bad weather). ), and the losses caused are difficult to predict, so it should be the focus of investment control. Three, predict the engineering risks and the possible causes of claims, formulate preventive measures to avoid or reduce the occurrence of claims. The supervision unit has the responsibility to predict the project risk and make countermeasures according to the risk. For example, in the form of lump sum contract, some sub-projects of the project can be contracted at total price or unit price, such as enclosure engineering, earthwork engineering, piling engineering and so on. For the factors that may cause claims for construction period and expenses, we should fully consider and formulate preventive countermeasures. For example, we should pay close attention to the weather forecast, do a good job in flood control and earthquake prevention, and avoid unnecessary losses. For example, in the payment of project funds, we should make a good plan for the allocation of funds. If the owner fails to pay the progress payment on time, the supervision unit should remind the owner to communicate and negotiate with the construction unit in advance and sign a deferred payment agreement, so as to avoid the claim caused by the default of the project payment to a certain extent. Fourth, supervise the preparatory work in advance according to the conditions and requirements stipulated in the contract to avoid the occurrence of claim conditions. Five, in the process of construction, timely reply to the questions and cooperation requirements put forward by the construction unit, actively coordinate the relationship between all aspects, and avoid the establishment of claim conditions. This involves the question of the time limit for reply. For example, sometimes the supervision engineer gives oral instructions when necessary, which should be confirmed in writing within 48 hours, and the contractor's instructions to the engineer should be carried out. However, if the engineer can't give written confirmation in time, the contractor shall ask for written confirmation within 7 days after the engineer gives oral instructions. If the engineer fails to reply within 48 hours after the contractor's request for confirmation, it shall be deemed that the oral instruction has been confirmed. This requires the supervision engineer to have a strong sense of time, and must review the delivery confirmation within 48 hours after the contractor requests to confirm the oral instruction, so as to prevent the confirmation from misreporting or expanding the understanding of the oral instruction, and avoid disputes and claims during settlement. Another example is that the cost engineer will confirm it within 14 days from the date of receiving the report on the change of project price; /kloc-if the review reply is not given within 0/4 days or it is not confirmed without justifiable reasons, the project price change report will take effect automatically after 14 days from the date when the project price change report is delivered. In the claim procedure, if the cost engineer fails to reply or make further requests to Party B within 28 days after receiving the claim report and relevant materials sent by Party B, the claim shall be deemed to have been approved. In addition, there are many provisions on prescription. Therefore, engineers should promptly review and reply to the reports, problems and claim documents submitted by the construction unit, try their best to coordinate the relationship between Party A and Party B, and try their best to resolve disputes through reconciliation. Six, engineering changes and design modifications should be strictly controlled, and the technical and economic rationality must be predicted and analyzed beforehand. The so-called engineering changes include design changes, schedule changes, construction conditions changes and "new projects" not included in the original bidding documents and bill of quantities. The cost engineer's preliminary cost analysis of engineering changes can let developers know the cost impact in time, so as to make careful decisions. Engineering changes often occur in the process of project implementation. Once it is not handled properly, it will often lead to disputes, damage the interests of investors or contractors, and be very unfavorable to the control of project objectives, which will easily lead to out-of-control investment. Because the actual cost of contracted projects = contract price and claim price, in order to adapt to the increasingly competitive construction market, contractors usually make concessions in contract negotiations and get compensation through claims during project implementation. Due to the change of engineering quantity and the contractor's claim, the final investment may exceed the original estimated investment, so the cost engineer should pay close attention to the treatment of engineering change price. Seven, strictly control the capital visa, all kinds of visas involving economic expenses, can only take effect after the final signature of the project chief supervision engineer. This is a problem that many builders, supervisors and owners' staff are not aware of or even ignore. For example, the visa for an earthwork outbound project of a project: the visa is submitted by the construction party, the earthwork volume is "4 190" cubic meter, and the unit price of the visa is "18" yuan/cubic meter. The approval column has the signatures and "consent" of the owner's representative and the project supervision representative. Judging from the wording of the visa, the word "agree" seems simple but its meaning is vague: do you agree that the quantity of work is true, or do you agree to submit the unit price, or both? From the perspective of the construction party, it is considered that the submitted quantities and unit prices are acceptable and can be used as the basis for settlement. But in fact, this visa cannot be used as a basis for settlement. The reasons are as follows; First, any words signed by the owner's representative on this visa are meaningless, that is, the owner has no right to sign a valid visa on the construction site after entrusting the supervision engineer to supervise the project. The construction party often thinks that the owner (that is, the payer) has signed it. How can it not count? This misunderstanding should attract the special attention of the construction party. Second, as a representative of on-site engineering supervision, he only has the right to sign a visa to confirm the quantity of works, and he should sign the confirmation of unit price. Why not? This misunderstanding should attract the special attention of the construction party. Second, as the representative of on-site engineering supervision, he only has the right to sign the quantity of engineering, and the confirmation of unit price should be submitted to the cost engineer for review. The calculated unit price can only take effect after it is submitted to the project chief supervision engineer for review and signature, and can be used as a voucher to enter the settlement. Therefore, the processing result of this visa is: the earthwork volume of "4 190" cubic meters is recognized, and the unit price of "18.00 yuan/cubic meter" is determined as "15.00 yuan/cubic meter" after being reviewed by the cost engineer and re-negotiated with the construction party, and the unit price is reported to the project director for review and signature. Eight, in the process of project implementation, according to the provisions of the contract in a timely manner to check the completed project measurement, timely payment to the other party, to avoid default. Nine, timely grasp the national price adjustment dynamics. That is, keep abreast of the documents and information on cost issued by countries and regions, including the market price of materials and charging procedures. To ensure that the charging result is as close as possible to the actual cost. Ten, regularly report the dynamic situation of project investment to the relevant parties. That is, each project supervision representative makes a monthly plan statement of project progress payment distribution, and informs the owner, director and other parties. Eleven, dynamic control of investment, regular or irregular project cost analysis, put forward the scheme and measures to control the project cost. For example, in the document Fo Jian Jia Zi [2001] No.2 issued by Foshan Quota Station, the charging procedure has changed and the project cost has been reduced. Therefore, the supervisor has the responsibility to provide the analysis report to the owner and assist the owner to sign a supplementary contract or agreement with the construction party if possible to ensure the economic interests of the owner. Twelve, review the settlement book submitted by the construction unit. This is the last step for the supervisor to control the project cost. The cost engineer should strictly review the settlement book submitted by the construction party according to various documents, billing reference books and actual construction conditions, and consider the change of engineering quantity, and pay special attention to the validity of the visa form. 13. handle the claims made by the construction unit fairly, and also have the responsibility to file counterclaims with the contractor on behalf of the owner. One of the most important standards that engineering construction supervision units follow in supervision activities is "justice". Claims are divided into time limit for a project claims and expenses claims. The supervision engineer shall promptly reply to the claim report submitted by the construction party, pay attention to the limitation of the claim and handle the claim fairly. The owner's counterclaim against the contractor includes two aspects: one is to analyze, review and correct the contractor's claim and deny its unreasonable demands; Second, the independent claim for other defects of the contractor in the performance, such as the quality of some projects can not meet the requirements, or the completion delay. Only by handling claims and counterclaims fairly can we effectively coordinate the relationship between all parties and make a project fully accepted in a coordinated, friendly and mutually beneficial atmosphere. In a word, the cost supervision in the construction stage is one of the important contents of the supervision work, which is inseparable from the progress and quality control of the supervision work. It permeates all aspects of supervision work in the construction stage and directly affects the investment of project cost. Therefore, it is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of the supervision unit to complete the cost supervision in the construction stage strictly and fairly, which is of great significance to both the owner and the contractor.