Lead: The thesis is an exam for a college student before graduation. Writing a good paper can not only show whether the students' studies are excellent, but also show that the students' thinking is mature and meticulous, which is a test of the students' thinking mode and seriousness. When writing a thesis, the setting of keywords is one of the links. Although it is not the most important, it cannot be ignored. This article accepts the task of experience and gives you a hint through my own experience, hoping to help.

How to write a paper keyword 1 1, a general description of the keyword?

The description of keywords in academic papers in national standards is: keywords are words or terms selected from reports and papers for document indexing to express the information items of the full text theme. As can be seen from the description, the key words of academic papers must be words or terms. Here, it is necessary to explain words or terms. A word refers to a word that can contain a morpheme (the smallest meaningful unit in a language) or the smallest free-use unit in a language, and a term refers to a professional term in a certain discipline. However, many authors of academic papers not only use words or terms, but also use many phrases or phrases. Such as hybrid/mixed finite element method, northwest Pacific subtropical high, static or no-load characteristic experiment, multi-sensor integration and data fusion, BSP program performance prediction tool and so on. Even in some professional editing journals, you can see keywords in the form of "countermeasures and suggestions, structural methods of scientific and technological editing, and integration of editing and proofreading". Thus, the rational use of keywords, not only when editing articles, but also when writing articles. The keywords in the above examples obviously do not conform to the description of keywords in national standards, and are used improperly and unreasonably.

2, the role and significance of keywords

The role and significance of keywords in academic papers mainly include the following two points:

(1) keywords can clearly and intuitively express the theme of literature discussion or expression, so that readers can know the theme of the paper at a glance before reading the abstract and text of academic papers, and thus make a judgment on whether to spend time reading the text.

(2) Periodical papers are generally collected by bibliographic or abstract secondary literature (retrieval tools) or bibliographic literature database (such as CD-ROM version of China Periodical Database). The keyword index in retrieval tools and the inverse document compiled by keywords in database documents are arranged according to the keywords provided by academic papers. Keyword index and inverse document provide a quick way to retrieve documents, so that readers can quickly find documents that meet the requirements. Therefore, keywords have important retrieval significance.

3. Problems and analysis of using keywords in academic papers.

3. 1 written in phrases or phrases

The most common problem in the use of keywords is to write keywords into phrases or phrases, such as those mentioned above. These problems arise from the fact that the author writes all the keywords and completes them in order to make each keyword express the exact meaning of the paper as accurately as possible, and then writes a phrase or phrase. For this problem, the relevant editing courses have clearly pointed out: "Never write keywords into a phrase with' comprehensive' content in order to emphasize the comprehensiveness of the theme."

3.2 can not accurately reflect the theme.

The main function of keywords is to reveal the main content of the paper through the logical combination of these words. However, many papers failed to accurately grasp the role of keywords when they were published. In this way, the logical combination of several listed keywords can not effectively prompt the theme of the paper, let alone contribute to the indexing of documents. For example, "How many" provinces "are commonly used in medical scientific and technological manuscripts? In the article "sparse error analysis", the key words are only "incidence; Incidence rate; Mortality rate; Mortality ",obviously, without looking at the title and full text of the paper, it is impossible to detect that this is an article describing the writing of scientific manuscripts, but it will be considered as a medical paper. For the key words of this paper, the author thinks it can be written as "medicine: scientific papers;" "statistics; It is more appropriate to write. In addition, none of the four keywords selected in the above example appears in the title of the paper. In this case, if the key words are chosen correctly, it at least shows that the title of the paper has not played its due role, because it fails to describe the theme of the paper?

3.3 Select some common words as keywords.

In order to make the logical combination of keywords accurately prompt the content of the paper, it is necessary to make the selected keywords accurately prompt the content of the paper, but they can still meet the keywords of research, use, analysis, problems, service, quality and so on. Because these keywords can be used in almost all academic papers, their specific prompting effect on the theme content of a paper is greatly reduced, and the basic role that keywords should play is lost.

3.4 Keyword writing is too casual

Key words are the extension or expansion of subject words. When the information level is still relatively low, it is usually necessary to consult relevant documents through subject words. With the continuous development of information technology, it is no longer necessary to be limited to subject words when using computers as the main retrieval tool to consult documents. By inputting several key words and adopting certain retrieval strategies, the required documents can be obtained quickly, accurately and comprehensively. However, even if the degree of informatization is high, if the keywords in the paper are written too casually or used improperly, it will still greatly affect the efficiency of paper retrieval. For example, the keyword "Northwest Pacific subtropical high" can be divided into two keywords: "Northwest Pacific" and "subtropical high". Through reasonable logical combination ("logical sum"), you can find the same documents with the same search results. On the other hand, if we use "Northwest Pacific Subtropical High" as the key word to consult the relevant literature, if the word does not appear in the full text of some documents, only words such as "Northwest Pacific" and "Subtropical High" appear, these documents will be omitted and readers will lose some valuable documents.

4. Suggestions on rational use of keywords.

4. The logical combination of1keywords should represent the theme of the paper.

The main function of keywords is to express the theme of the paper clearly and intuitively, which is helpful for reference and retrieval. From the general description of keywords, we can know that each keyword should be able to represent the exact meaning of one or one aspect. In order to prompt and depict the theme with certain connotation in a paper completely and accurately, it should be realized through the logical combination of several keywords. Obviously, using a phrase or a phrase with more content as a keyword does not meet the original intention and usage requirements of the keyword. In addition, the research object matrix is often omitted in keyword writing. For example, in the article "Sequence Analysis of ICR489 Gene of Siniperca chuatsi Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus", the keyword only wrote the following sentence: "Iridovirus; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; ICR489 gene; Sequence analysis; Systematic evolution ",but omits the research matrix of" mandarin fish ". Obviously, this keyword cannot effectively represent the theme of the paper.

4.2 Help readers clearly understand the theme of the paper.

Keywords should not only help retrieval, but also clearly indicate the theme of the paper. For example, in the article "On the Design Principles of Perspective Images of Periodicals for Primary and Secondary School Students", the key words are: "Perspective images; Design principles; Constituent elements; Master information; Auxiliary information "can't remind readers that this is an article discussing the layout design and processing of primary and secondary school journals. "If rewritten as" middle school students; Pupils; Student log; Perspective image; Layout "would be more appropriate. Therefore, the writing of keywords must be logically combined to analyze whether it has achieved the function of clearly prompting the theme of the paper, otherwise it is necessary to consider whether the selected keywords are appropriate.

4.3 Help readers search.

The selected keywords clearly represent and prompt the theme of the paper, and whether these keywords are helpful to the retrieval of the paper should also be considered. If keywords such as "Northwest Pacific Subtropical High" are used for literature retrieval, although these keywords really prompt the subject of the retrieval object accurately, clearly and completely, as the writing of these keywords does not meet the general writing requirements and specifications of keywords, as mentioned above, many documents closely related to this paper will be omitted when using these keywords for literature retrieval. Whether the keywords of academic papers are properly selected is related to the probability of papers being retrieved and the utilization rate of achievements. Therefore, a correct understanding of the writing and use of keywords will directly affect the effective value of the paper itself.

How to write paper keywords 2 1, keyword classification

Keywords include narrative words and free words.

1) Description refers to standardized words or phrases that can be used to index the concept of document topics in Chinese thesaurus, MeSH and other vocabularies.

2) Free words-words that reflect the new technologies and disciplines in the theme of this paper but are not included in the thesaurus or words that cannot be found in the thesaurus.

2. Keyword index

In order to meet the needs of computer automatic retrieval, GB/T 3 179-92 stipulates that all modern sci-tech journals should give 3 ~ 8 keywords (or descriptions) after the abstracts of academic papers. Keyword indexing should be selected according to the principles and methods of GB/T 3860- 1995 "Indexing Rules for Document Description" and referring to various thesaurus and reference books. Important terms in new disciplines and technologies that are not included in the glossary, as well as the names and places of articles can also be marked as keywords (free words).

The so-called indexing refers to the process of subject analysis of documents and some features of retrieval significance, such as research objects, processing methods, experimental equipment, etc., and the identification of subject retrieval is given by using thesaurus. Document theme analysis is to find out the basic elements that constitute the document theme from the complex documents, so as to accurately index the required descriptors. Index is the premise of retrieval. Without the correct index, there is no correct retrieval. Scientific papers should index keywords according to the indexing method of descriptors, and standardize free words as descriptors as much as possible.

3. Basic principles that keyword indexing should follow.

3. 1 specificity principle

A word can only express one thematic concept as specificity. As long as the corresponding specific thesaurus is found in the thesaurus, it is not allowed to use the superordinate word (item S) or the subordinate word (item F) in the thesaurus; If you can't find a narrative directly corresponding to the theme concept, and the superordinate word is really consistent with the theme concept, you can choose. For example, "aircraft fire prevention" can be found in the thesaurus, so you must choose it first. The superordinate word "fire prevention" shall not be used for indexing, nor shall the two subject words "airplane" and "fire prevention" be used for indexing.

3.2 Assembly principle

The collocation of narrative phrases should be conceptual collocation. Conceptual assembly includes two types:

Cross combination. It refers to the combination of two or more predicates with overlapping concepts, and the result expresses a specific concept. For example, the words "jet plane" and "vertical plane" can be used to accurately express specific concepts that are not in the lexicon; "kidney calculi" can use words such as "kidney disease" and "calculus" to express a specific concept.

Aspect combination. It refers to the combination of a narrative that represents something and another narrative that represents a certain attribute or aspect of something, resulting in the expression of a specific concept. For example, "signal simulator stability" can be combined with "signal simulator" and "stability", that is, the specific concept is expressed by things and their properties; "Painting the fluorescent screen of color picture tube" can be matched with three phrases: color picture tube, fluorescent screen (electron beam tube) and coating, that is, a specific concept can be expressed by describing things, their states and technological processes.

In combination indexing, cross combination is given priority, and then aspect combination is considered; The words involved in collocation must be the words most closely related to the theme concept of the document to avoid leapfrog collocation; The matching results require clear and accurate concepts, and can only express a single concept; If the theme concept cannot be expressed by collocation, it can be indexed by the most direct superordinate word or related descriptor.