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Discussion on highway environmental protection

From the angle of discussing the relationship between highway environmental protection and economic development, this paper points out the importance of highway environmental protection at present, analyzes the great influence of highway environmental protection on realizing the sustainable development of economy, and puts forward some measures for doing well highway environmental protection.

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, China's highway construction has entered an unprecedented period of rapid development. In recent years, the total highway mileage in China has been increasing, reaching 1.93 thousand kilometers in 2005, and the number of motor vehicles has been increasing. Highway traffic is playing an increasingly important role in the development of national economy. With the rapid development of expressway, problems such as expressway pollution and its influence on the surrounding environment have also emerged in large numbers.

How to face the environmental problems caused by highway construction, how to analyze and evaluate the effects and impacts of various stages of highway construction on the environment in combination with China's actual situation, and what measures to take to reduce or eliminate highway environmental pollution and recover the ecological losses in the road area are long-term and arduous tasks for our highway workers.

I. Definition of environmental protection

Environmental protection means that human beings consciously protect natural resources, make rational use of natural resources, and prevent the natural environment from being polluted and destroyed; It is necessary to comprehensively control the polluted and destroyed environment and create an environment suitable for human life and work.

The Statement on Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations Environment Programme clearly puts forward the relationship between sustainable development and environmental protection, and holds that to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to maintain and improve the natural environment on which human beings depend for survival and development.

Second, the content of highway environmental protection

Highway environmental protection is based on the principle of ecological sustainable development to regulate the occurrence and development of the unity of opposites between highway engineering and highway environment. Highway environmental protection includes two basic tasks:

First, analyze the various impacts of highway construction on the environment and the extent and scope of their impacts, take special environmental protection measures as needed, and actively carry out environmental protection-related work; Second, in the process of highway design, construction and operation management, we should pay attention to the environmental protection functions of each component of the highway, so that the highway can play its transportation function while having the least impact on the environment along the route.

Third, the environmental problems of expressways.

Highway construction will inevitably have an impact on the environment, especially highway construction, and the environmental problems brought by its construction period and operation period will be more serious. Highway construction will cause the following environmental problems: improper route selection will destroy the ecological environment along the line; Improper protection will cause soil erosion, such as slope erosion and sediment deposition; The strip extension of expressway will destroy the natural features of the road area and cause environmental losses; Environmental pollution caused by highway construction; During the operation of the expressway, vehicles will cause pollution along the way.

Fourth, the environmental protection function of highway

Generally speaking, if a highway is designed in strict accordance with the current highway engineering design standards and the Code for Design of Highway Environmental Protection and constructed in accordance with the technical specifications for highway engineering construction, the natural environment in the highway area can be protected, and the social environment can be adjusted and improved.

The environmental protection functions of each part of the highway are summarized as follows:

First, after the completion of subgrade construction, combined with land reclamation and drainage, all parts coordinate with each other, which can make the project stable and firm, smooth and beautiful in appearance and prevent soil erosion.

Secondly, pavement engineering plays a protective role for subgrade, and also plays a role in dustproof, waterproof and protecting the environment along the highway from pollution.

Thirdly, in the design and construction of bridge and culvert projects, attention should be paid to the impact on the landscape environment of highway roads, which can beautify the environment.

Fourthly, drainage works play a special role in the integrity and stability of highway engineering, which can prevent oil pollution and harmful elements contained in subgrade and pavement water from directly entering farmland and avoid farmland flooding and soil pollution.

Fifth, the protection works ensure the stability of subgrade, reduce soil erosion and play a direct role in environmental protection. This project is most closely related to environmental protection.

Six, other projects (usually including highway and highway, highway and railway intersection and interchange, facilities along the highway project, highway maintenance and management buildings, factories and highway greening, etc ... ), especially highway greening, is an important part of national greening, which can not only effectively improve the driving environment, but also beautify the road capacity and optimize the environment.

Five, highway environmental protection measures

In different stages of highway construction, environmental problems and environmental protection work have different priorities, and the measures taken must be targeted.

In view of the actual work needs, combined with China's current environmental protection laws and regulations, the environmental protection measures taken during the highway construction stage and operation period are described as follows:

(A) environmental protection measures in the highway construction stage

1, ecological and environmental protection. (1) Earthwork excavation and backfilling shall avoid rainy season. Before the rainy season comes, the excavated, backfilled and abandoned slopes will be treated. (2) Take parallel operation when taking soil during construction, excavate, level off and afforest, plan to take soil, plough in time and rebuild the landscape in time. (3) In areas with abundant rainfall, drainage ditches and intercepting ditches should be set up in time to avoid slope collapse and landslide. (4) When the subgrade is excavated at the rainwater surface runoff, a temporary soil sedimentation tank shall be set up in time to intercept the mixed sand. After the subgrade is completed, the soil sedimentation tank should be leveled in time for greening or ploughing. (5) Plant grass to green the embankment slope in time. (6) For temporary construction land, the original surface ripe soil should be piled up in a centralized way. After the construction is completed, these ripe soil should be leveled and restored to the original surface.

2. Noise control. (1) When the distance between the construction section and the residential area is less than 150m, in order to ensure the residents to rest at night, construction is prohibited within the specified time. (2) Actively negotiate with schools and units near the construction section, adjust the construction time or take other measures to minimize the interference of construction noise on teaching and work. (3) Pay attention to mechanical maintenance to keep the mechanical sound level at the lowest level; Arrange workers to operate machinery in turn to reduce the time of exposure to high noise; For workers who have been working near the sound source for a long time, soundproof earplugs and helmets are distributed to protect themselves.

3. Air pollution protection. (1) The highway construction yard and mixing station are located in an open area, within 200m of each other, and there should be no concentrated residential areas, schools, etc. (2) In the construction of asphalt pavement, the asphalt concrete mixing station is located in the downwind of environmental sensitive points such as residential areas and schools, which is convenient for production and meets the health requirements (in the classification of health protection distance, the specified protection distance is 300m), and the open and semi-closed asphalt heating process is not adopted. (3) The construction access road shall be regularly sprinkled with water to reduce dust, and powdery materials shall be covered.

4. Water pollution prevention and control. (1) asphalt, petroleum, chemicals, etc. Do not pile up near civil wells and rivers and lakes, and take measures to prevent rainwater from washing into water bodies. (2) Domestic sewage, domestic garbage and feces on the construction site are treated in a centralized way, and are not directly discharged into the water body. (3) Strictly check the bridge construction machinery and ships to prevent oil leakage. It is forbidden to throw waste oil and construction waste into the water at will.

(2) Environmental protection measures during highway operation period

1, traffic noise prevention. (1) For schools, factories and other units near the highway, noise prevention measures should be taken according to specific conditions, such as building high fences, setting up sound barriers, planting trees densely on both sides of the road for greening, setting up double windows in buildings or closing external corridors. (2) No honking signs should be set at both ends of the road section with schools nearby. (3) Strengthen traffic management, set up noise monitoring stations at the main entrances and exits of expressways, and prohibit vehicles with excessive noise from going on the road.

2. Prevention and control of air pollution. (1) roadside tree planting and greening. According to the local climate and soil characteristics, trees and shrubs should be densely planted near both sides of the highway, especially near environmentally sensitive areas, which can not only purify and absorb the pollutants in automobile exhaust, but also attenuate the total suspended particles in the atmosphere, beautify the environment, reduce noise and improve the highway landscape. (2) Strictly implement the motor vehicle emission detection system, use toll stations to conduct spot checks on motor vehicle emissions, and restrict vehicles with serious exhaust emissions exceeding the standard from driving on the road.

3. Water pollution prevention and control. (1) All kinds of leaking, bulk and overloaded vehicles are strictly prohibited from going on the road to prevent the water bodies from being polluted by road debris. (2) Set up a sewage treatment station in the living quarters of the highway traffic management department, and all kinds of sewage will be discharged up to the standard after treatment.

4. Potential risks and crop pollution prevention. (1) Strictly check and monitor vehicles carrying dangerous goods to prevent accidents. (2) During the flood season, we should strengthen contact with meteorological and water conservancy departments to ensure traffic safety during the flood season. (3) It is forbidden to plant root crops such as vegetables and potatoes within 30m on both sides of the highway.

Conclusion of intransitive verbs

At present, China's highway environmental protection is mainly based on tangible environmental protection projects such as sound barriers, and the protection of the natural environment can only be based on protected areas and rare animal and plant varieties, and the harmony between man and nature is seriously insufficient.

We should be soberly aware that improving the level of highway environmental protection requires not only sufficient funds, but also advanced environmental protection concepts and behaviors of leaders, decision makers and builders.

To protect the natural environment, we must ensure that both natural environment management and infrastructure construction are carried out, take natural environment construction as a breakthrough in highway construction, conform to the new trend of green civilization, take the road of intensive utilization of natural resources, focus on solving various environmental and resource problems that may arise in development and construction, and do a good job in legislation on ecological environment and resource protection. In the process of planning and decision-making, we should not only meet the needs of economic development, but also pay special attention to the protection of natural environment, so as to realize the sustainable development of highway construction and environmental protection.

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