Chu Tunan (1899- 1994) was born in Wenshan, Yunnan. He used to be a professor at Jinan University, Yunnan University and Shanghai Law School. Since the founding of New China, he has served as a professor of Beijing Normal University, director of Southwest Cultural and Educational Committee, president of Foreign Cultural Association and chairman of NLD Central Committee.

Chinese name: Chu Tunan

Alias: Jie Qing, Gao Su, Alps.

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Wenshan, Yunnan

Date of birth:1August, 89918th (the year of Ji Hai)

Date of death: Xu Jianian, April 1994+0 1.

Occupation: writer, translator, calligrapher

Graduate school: Beijing Normal University

Representative works: Chu Tunan Collection and Three Unforgettable Steps.

Political Party: China Producers' Party.

outline

Chu Tunan1August, 899 18 was born in an old house in Chengshangtiao Street, Wenshan County. She lost her mother at the age of 6, and left Wenshan at the age of 14 and moved to Kunming. 15 years old, admitted to Kunming private joint middle school.

19 19, she was admitted to Beijing Normal University with excellent results. At school, Chu Tunan published articles in the school magazine Historical Geography and New Education, covering aesthetics, psychology, pedagogy, ethnology and so on. At that time, during the May 4th Movement, Chu Tunan had the opportunity to read articles by Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi, and directly contacted Li Dazhao. Later, under the guidance of Li Dazhao, the tabloid Labor Culture was founded and began to be influenced by Marxist thought. Chu Tunan is an official fee student admitted from Yunnan. After graduation, he must go back to Yunnan to respect, respect and admire Sang Zi.

1923 autumn, he took Mr. Li Dazhao "to get in touch with students as much as possible, organize more reading clubs and read progressive books and periodicals; Second, properly publicize the victory of Marxism-Leninism and the October Revolution, and prepare for the conditions for the establishment of party organizations. "Entrusted, we returned to Kunming after a four-year absence and taught in Provincial No.1 Middle School. With his extensive knowledge, Chu Tunan made many students become later celebrities and celebrities. Li Shengxuan, a classmate who returned from Hong Kong to Kunming and was admitted to the Provincial No.1 Middle School, is a proud disciple of Chu Tunan. Under the guidance of Chu Lao, Li Shengxuan became a famous philosopher. At that time, Li Shengxuan was the philosopher Ai Siqi whom we have known for a long time.

1926 In the spring, under the guidance of Li Dazhao, Chu Tunan went from Yunnan to Beijing and then to Harbin, where he taught in Harbin No.3 Middle School, No.6 Middle School, Provincial Girls' Middle School, Jilin No.6 Middle School and Changchun No.2 Division. This spring, Chu Tunan joined the China Production Party.

From 65438 to 0929, Chu Tunan was assigned by the Party organization to teach in the Third Middle School of Tai 'an Province, the Second Normal School of Qufu Province and the First Middle School of Jinan Province. Chu Tunan often spreads Marxist theory to students, explains Lu Xun's poems and Ke's poems, gives students revolutionary enlightenment, and cultivates students' interest and ability to think deeply about social issues. Under his guidance, Ke Zhongping's long poem "Wind Volcano" said: "One friend goes to prison, and a thousand friends kill and set fire! Tragic and generous poems such as "One friend was shot, 10,000 friends swore to fight with blood" deeply touched the hearts of young people and inspired the revolutionary fighting spirit of young students.

During the war, Mr. Jin Debao once protected Mr. Chu Tunan and was expelled from school for it. I hope that history can also remember Mr. Jin Debao and remember his greatness and selflessness.

1930

1930, Chu Tunan was arrested and imprisoned by the reactionary authorities for the "Jilin No.5 Middle School Party Case" that shocked the northeast. In prison, 365,438+0-year-old Chu Tunan did not lose the courage to live and struggle, but told young friends about history and literature with iron seriousness, trembling of death and peace of death, and completed the translation of the 200,000-word book Zarathustra. Then he translated Nietzsche's Look at this Man, 1932 and finished writing a collection of novels "A country without hatred and hypocrisy".

1June, 934, the puppet Manchukuo Puyi "came to power" and granted amnesty to the world. Chu Tunan ended his nine-year imprisonment 1 1 month in advance. After he was released from prison, he went to teach at Beicang Girls' Middle School in Kaifeng, Henan. At that time, Ke Zhongping, who was born in Guangnan, Wenshan, was a teacher at Beicang Girls' Middle School.

1935

/kloc-0 In the spring of 935, Chu Tunan arrived in Shanghai, changed his name to Chu Zeng, and entered the Department of History and Geography of Jinan University to teach. From 1936 to 194 1, Chu Tunan has done a lot of translation work and compiled 16 poems translated by German progressive poets such as Toulouse, Demir, Verge, Russian lermontov, Nikolasov, American Whitman, Hungarian Shalosi and Otva. Become a "Maple Leaf Collection". 1944 was published by Kunming North Gate Publishing House.

After the July 7th Lugouqiao Incident broke out, Chu Tunan returned to Yunnan from Shanghai. Throughout the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, Chu Tunan, as a professor of Yunnan University, actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement in Kunming, becoming an important leader of the Yunnan Democratic League, one of the important organizers and leaders of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement in Yunnan cultural and educational circles and the Kunming democratic movement.

Dayun left a deep impression on Chu Tunan. The 93-year-old Chu Tunan also wrote a book "Read Good Books, Make Good Friends, Travel Far and Do Great Things" for the students in the middle school attached to Dayun University.

1939

1939, in order to actively cooperate with the Anti-Japanese War and save the nation, the Yunnan Branch of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles held its fourth general meeting, and elected Zhu Ziqing and Shen Congwen as ex officio directors, and Chu Tunan as branch directors. The club has invited Mao Dun, Ba Jin and Tao Xingzhi to give lectures. Chu Tunan often presides over lectures or symposiums in the name of the host. In order to "resist the enemy in front, but also be alert to the night behind", in the late autumn of 1942, Chu Tunan compiled a collection of essays he wrote after returning to Yunnan in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War and named it "Diao Dou Collection".

1943

1943, Chu Tunan, Wen Yiduo, Wu Han and Fei Xiaotong successively joined Yunnan NLD.

1945

194565438+In February, Chu Tunan was elected as the chairman of Yunnan NLD, Wen Yiduo served as the propaganda minister and director of the Youth League Committee, and Wu Han served as the president of Democracy Weekly.

1On August 5th, 945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. To celebrate this great victory, Wen Yiduo, who didn't shave, shaved his beard, and Hua, who doesn't smoke, gave up smoking. Xiong qinglai, who doesn't drink, also drank wine; Chu Tunan also celebrated this great victory in a strange way!

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression wins.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the cloud of civil war enveloped the whole country. 1July, 946, after Li Gongpu was killed, Chu Tunan wrote this elegy sadly: "How difficult times are, thinking of the people of China, seeking democracy, peace, resisting evil spirits, and not hesitating to die; The storm is gloomy, I am pregnant with my old friend, I am worried about the same, I am brave, and I am destroyed by my friends. How can I not hurt? " After Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were killed one after another, white terror clouded over, and Chu Tunan and Wu Han were appointed by the Party to move to Shanghai. Chu Tunan was a professor at Shanghai Law School in Shanghai. 1947165438+1On October 6th, Chu Tunan took Shen Junru's advice, left his family in Shanghai and secretly set off for Hong Kong. After 1948, he successively moved from Hong Kong to Shanghai, Tianjin and Beiping, and on 1949, 10, 1 June, 2008 10, Chu Tunan, together with all the delegates attending the new CPPCC, boarded the solemn Tiananmen Gate and attended the grand ceremony. 1949 At the end of the year, Chu Tunan went south to Chongqing to take charge of the cultural and educational work in southwest China in accordance with Deng Xiaoping's instructions. 1953 transferred back to Beijing as the chairman of the central people's government's illiteracy eradication working Committee. 1954 In May, Chu Tunan served as the president of China People's Association for Foreign Culture.

During the Cultural Revolution

During the Cultural Revolution, Chu Tunan was persecuted and sent to the May 7th Cadre School in Minggang, South Henan. At that time, he was a 70-year-old man. When the Gang of Four was crushed, Chu Tunan recited his "urgent chapter" in public: "One thunderbolt eliminates four evils. The whole country is jubilant and the surname is fast. " That's not enough. Chu Tunan waved a banner at home: "Mo Daochang finally grew up, and it is peaceful to see his eyes." 1in April, 978, Chu Tunan was elected as a member of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and the fifth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Standing Committee.

reform and opening-up

Chu Tunan is also a fan and active promoter of Esperanto. "The world is full of voices, and the world is a family. Qi Xin is diligent, the flower of peace and friendship. " It is a true proof that Chu Tunan popularized Esperanto and pursued world peace. 1986 1, Chu Tunan was elected as the acting chairman of the NLD Central Committee. In April, he was elected as the vice chairman of the 6th the NPC Standing Committee by-election, and was elected as the chairman of the 5th plenary session of the NLD Central Committee. "Worry makes people stronger", Chu Tunan finally became a national leader loved by the world in China during the bumpy course. Chu Tunan's life is a life of ups and downs, a life of rigorous scholarship, a life of struggle and a life of revolution. Chu Tunan experienced the Revolution of 1911, the May 4th Movement and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression for eight years. It can be said that reading Chu Tunan, we are reading a real modern history of China. He is a great man, he is a scholar, and he is China's peace envoy to the world. He always said: "Live on the Qingyun Mountain and take root in the soil", "Even if there is Ling Yunzhi, don't forget the fragrance of vegetable roots." He was born in Wenshan. He went out along the mountain road of Wenshan and brought the ancient fragrance of Wenshan, a red land, to Kunming and the whole country, making him a great man. 1992165438+1October 13 Chu Tunan, who lives in Beijing Hospital, struggled with his illness and stubbornly wrote the last poem of his life with the title of "Winter Clouds": "The wind and rain are oblique, and the frozen clouds are as cold as ink; This body is safe and gray, and the fire is warm and warm. " The children of the seven townships will always remember this great man and carry forward his revolutionary style forever! Chu Tunan was enlightened by Li Dazhao and other ancestors in his early years and came into contact with Marxism, which became his lifelong belief. In more than 70 years of revolutionary activities, pen farming has never stopped. His works cover many aspects, including special discussions on history and geography, as well as the study of nationalities and folk customs. He has written papers on pedagogy and psychology, translated famous foreign philosophical works, translated and published Leaves of Grass by Whitman, an American poet, and other prestigious works in the world literary world. It has been half a century since the first edition of Greek myths and legends translated by him, and it still has considerable influence.

Chutunan resigned from the leadership position on 1988. After retiring from the leadership position, he still cares about the country's economic development, political democracy and social progress, especially the youth, education and intellectuals. He wrote an article and delivered a speech, calling on the whole society to attach importance to education and care for talents. He encouraged and supported young people to explore the future of China and the world, and placed hope on them.

Chu Tunan died in April 1994 at the age of 95.

achievements of art

Chu Tunan is the author of the prose collections Diao Dou and Hogwarts, and has translated the Leaves of Grass by Whitman (USA), Greek Myths and Legends by Weisbrod (Germany), and the long poem People who can be happy and free in Russia by Necrasov (Russia). His published novels include A Country Without Hatred and Hypocrisy, Prose Collection, Tragedy and Others, Diao Dou Collection, Hogwarts Collection, Maple Leaf Collection and so on. And translated the poems of Leaves of Grass by Whitman in the United States, Song of the Road by Whitman, Who can be happy in Russia by Russian poet Necrasov, and Zarathustra by German philosopher Nietzsche.

Others are Nie 'er Park in Yuxi City, bronze base of Wen Yiduo Memorial Hall, Jing Ling Square in Panlong Temple in Kunming, Cliff Stone Carvings in Bijia Mountain in Yunnan, Mutianyu Great Wall, Fuxi Temple in Tianshui, Quyuan Memorial Forest, Laoshan Stone Carvings, Yuefei Temple, Huangdi Mausoleum and Fu Bo in Guilin. Mr. Chu Tunan's calligraphy-Qian Shan smells birds, ten thousand valleys are popular, and it is engraved on the rocks of Mount Tai. Mohe saw Chu Tunan's calligraphy and stone carvings in Taishan, and looked for his deeds, which made him admire, 2065 438+03. 9. 30.

Write "Zanchutunan"—

Mount Tai, Chu Xiao, Chu Tunan, Baidu only know you today.

Learn from Chinese and western storms, and the book encourages Kunming.

work

Chu Tunan Ji Yunnan Education Press 199 1 year 1 month.

The first volume is a compilation of novels, poems and a large number of essays written by the author in his early years in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The writing time was mostly between 1920s and 1940s. There are quite a few works that the author can't forget for many years, but they have been mentioned many times in his later years and have never been found, such as Romani chasing the wind and Iron Dragon. The second volume is a compilation of various articles written by the author in different places and situations from the 1920s to the 1990s, covering some fields of history, geography, philosophy, society, religion and even natural science. The above are some mappings of the author's "reading thousands of books".

The third volume contains three translations of the translator 1930- 1937: The History of Geographical Development. Look at this man, Zarathustra said the same thing. Among them, Zarathustra said, look, this person translated in prison from 1930 to 1934, when the translator was sentenced to "spreading theories incompatible with the Three People's Principles and thoughts unfavorable to the national revolution" and was severely sentenced by the warlords in Jilin Province at that time (November of nine years).

The fourth volume, Greek Myths and Legends, was translated by the translator in the late 1940s. 1in July, 946, after Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were killed in Kunming, the translator went to Shanghai and was introduced by Mr. Shen Junru to teach at Shanghai Law School, making active preparations for going to the Liberated Area. So the translator began to translate this voluminous work.

The fifth volume contains foreign poems translated by Chu Tunan from 1930s to 1940s. Who can get happiness and freedom in Russia is translated according to the English version of J.M.Soskice published by Oxford University Press 19 17. Chu Tunan translated this long poem from 1935 to 1936.

Unforgettable Three Days, Yunnan Publishing Group, Yunnan People's Publishing House, September 2008.

Unforgettable Three Days is a book written by Chu Tunan when he returned to his hometown after the July 7th Incident. Unforgettable trilogy is one of the old books. Although everything in the past has widened the gap with today with the passage of time, it is still the root of today's history and culture. Therefore, from the notes, anecdotes, field investigations and lost articles of people of insight in modern times, Yunnan and the West about culture, history and nationality to the wider world, the editor selected a number of monographs and articles that still had their influence and value at that time and today, edited them into a series, and introduced them to readers who care about and study it.

Former?Residence?

On April 12, 2006, the former residence of Chutunan in Wenshan County, Yunnan Province was officially opened after restoration. Wenshan people are proud of Chu Tunan, and there are endless crowds to visit. Chu Tunan, 1899, a native of Wenshan County, Yunnan Province. 19 19 was admitted to Beijing Normal University with excellent results, and then he met Li Dazhao and Cai Hesen, becoming one of the earliest intellectuals in China who accepted and disseminated Marxism. Chu Tunan once served as Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), President of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, Chairman of the Central Committee of the NLD and Honorary Chairman. He is a famous translator, diplomat and social activist in China. The former residence displays precious historical photos, diaries, letters, works, daily necessities and other relics of Chu Tunan's life 100. Chu Tunan's former residence has been listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Yunnan Province since 1998 and has become a patriotic education base. Due to years of disrepair, some roof trusses of the former residence are decayed and tilted. With the care and support of local authorities, after nearly a year of renovation, the former residence of Chutunan has taken on a new look on the basis of protecting its original appearance. NLD, president of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, local party and government leaders and relatives of Chutunan attended the unveiling ceremony of the restoration of Chutunan's former residence.

evaluate

Chu Tunan is an accomplished writer, calligrapher and rigorous scholar. His calligraphy is like a person. Calligraphy has become an important part of his life and work. Organizations or friends at home and abroad are almost responsive to requests for borrowing books. He thinks this is one aspect of his ability to serve the people and never asks for anything in return. Chu Tunan has made great achievements in classical poetry and calligraphy. Chu Tunan's calligraphy has a temple flavor. He wrote authentic books, followed the trend, and his physique was close to that of the Han people. Chu Lao was invited to write a poem for the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, a five-character rhyme of Ode to the Motherland on the Yellow River-

Facing the Yellow River and praising the motherland.

Swing the Yellow River, winding like a dragon.

The birthplace of China, the dawn of civilization.

Huang San cleared the grassland, and the five emperors showed their virtue.

Xuanyuan started the foundation, and one hundred generations praised Yan Huang.

Lei Zu began to raise silkworms and replant mulberry trees.

Yao and Shun rule the world, pushing the position with morality.

Dayu dredged nine rivers, and Wan's family began to build health.

The Yin and Shang Dynasties were the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, with splendid cultural relics.

Qi Yuan Zhou Xingbo, across the southeast of Xinjiang.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended.

Winning the unification of Qin, the book track is the same as the quartet.

Han and Tang dynasties came one after another, and the mighty earthquake was eight wastes.

During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the country became increasingly prosperous.

Xinhai built harmony, and foreign coaches were brave.

Uprising of workers and peasants, 49 new states.

The whole people sang in unison to celebrate Yongchang.

The future is bright and the country will last forever.

This long poem, written by the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to People's Republic of China (PRC), magnificently summarizes the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization. Chu Lao was 90 years old when he wrote this calligraphy work. He sat at his desk for more than three hours, and his poems with more than 200 words were perfect, concentrated and dignified. Chu Lao loved calligraphy all his life. He wrote a poem: "If the word is handsome, Wen Fong writes calligraphy." He put the feelings of being a man above the skills of calligraphy and was a faithful executor of these two poems.

NLD leadership