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gingkgo

-Li Shizhen

[Explanation] Ginkgo is used daily. (Shi Zhen said) It is native to Jiangnan and its leaves are like duck's feet, hence the name. In the early Song Dynasty, it was renamed Ginkgo biloba. Because it looks like a small apricot, the core color is white. This name is Ginkgo biloba. Mei Shi: Duck feet and green plums, named after their high leaves. Ouyang Xiu's poem: The river sac is due to tribute, and the ginkgo is expensive in Zhongzhou. Yes

[Collection] (Shi Zhen said) Ginkgo was born in Jiangnan, and Xuancheng won. This tree is twenty or thirty feet high. The leaves are thin and straight, just like duck's feet, with notches, green face and bare back. In February, it blooms in clusters, bluish-white, blooms in the second watch, and then falls off. People are rare, and a hundred fruits are like neem. Ripe after frost, remove the meat and take the core as the fruit. Its nucleus has two sharp ends, three ribs are male and two ribs are female. Its tenderness is green and its length is yellow. Must be male and female of the same species, with opposite tree faces, but strong; Or the mother tree can be near water; Or cut a hole or a piece of mud in Gong Mu, and it will be over. Yin and Yang are wonderful. Its trees are durable and the texture is white and greasy. Artists seek to carve symbols and seals, and clouds can summon them. Notes in Selected Works of Wu Du Fu: Ping China is actually like silver. Is the unknown the result?

[Smell] The nucleolus is sweet, bitter, flat, astringent and nontoxic. (Shi Zhen said) Cooked food is slightly bitter and sweet, mild in nature and less toxic. Eating too much will make people bloated. (Ruiyue) Eat more pneumatic wind. Children who eat too much will faint, and if they eat too much, they will be surprised, leading to malnutrition. Feed on eel fish and suffer from soft wind.

Indications: Raw food can induce malnutrition, relieve alcoholism, and cooked food can benefit people. Li Pengfei cooked food warms the lungs and benefits qi, relieves asthma and relieves cough, reduces stool and stops white turbidity. Raw food can eliminate phlegm, disinfect and kill insects. Chew the flesh of nose, face, hands and feet to remove wrinkles, scabies and crabs. Shizhen.

[Invention] (Shi Zhen said) Ginkgo biloba was very famous in the early Song Dynasty, but people who studied herbal medicine did not accept it. Recent prescriptions are sometimes used. Thin gas, strong taste, astringent nature and golden color. Therefore, it can enter the lung meridian, benefit lung qi, relieve asthma and cough, and reduce defecation. Raw pounding can wash away greasy, but it can eliminate phlegm and turbidity, and so on. Its flowers bloom at night, and people can't see them, so it can kill insects and disinfect. However, if you eat too much, you will get too much, and the popularity of eating will be overwhelmed. Therefore, things are different, which shows that Ginkgo biloba can make people intoxicated. The Sanyuan Life Extension Book says that eating more than 1000 Ginkgo biloba will kill you. You Yun: People who were hungry used to eat ginkgo for food, and all died the next day.

[Attachment] New 18.

Seven ginkgo fruits with cold cough and phlegm asthma are cooked, and cooked wormwood is used as seven pills. Add one pill to each fruit, then simmer in paper and eat in wormwood. Secret recipe

Asthma Tanke Yajiao Powder: Take five pieces of Ginkgo biloba leaves, two and a half pieces of Ephedra and two and a half pieces of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, decoct in water for one and a half minutes, and decoct for eight minutes, and take it on your back. Another store in Jinling, Asthma Treatment, Ginkgo Asthma Soup, has no effect. That's where people started. Its formula is: 21 pieces of ginkgo, ephedra San Qian, perilla, coltsfoot flower, processed Pinellia tuber and mulberry bark are fried with honey for two yuan each, peeled almonds are slightly fried with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi for one and a half yuan each, and licorice root is added with water for three minutes, which can be eaten twice at any time. No need for ginger. From a health point of view.

Cough and loss of voice: 42 pieces of ginkgo nuts, 22 pieces of poria cocos and mulberry bark, half a liter of black beans, fried, half a catty of honey, cooked and dried on the same day, wet with half a bowl of milk, steamed and dried for nine times, and the pills are as big as mung beans. Take thirty or fifty capsules each time with white soup, which has a miraculous effect. Yu ju Shi Fang

Fourteen pieces of ginkgo biloba have frequent urination, and they are stewed for seven times.

The urine is cloudy and raw 10 ginkgo nuts. Take it with water once a day.

With red and white, the next yuan is five yuan for ginkgo, lotus seed meat and glutinous rice, and one and a half yuan for pepper. Use a black-bone chicken, remove the intestines and fill the medicine, pot the soil and eat it hollow. Set a simple formula.

Blood ginkgo is cooked under the intestinal wind, and when it gets angry, it will be eaten and drunk.

Forty-nine pieces of Ginkgo biloba, which are toxic to intestinal wind and viscera, are shelled and grinded into powder, added with various drugs, and finally decocted into pills, which are as big as marbles. Eat two or three capsules at a time, chew them into a hollow, and drink rice soup. Wear a diagnosis and treatment plan that must be determined.

Toothworm gives birth to ginkgo biloba, and it is good to chew one or two after each meal. The eternal Bell formula.

Chew raw ginkgo with chapped hands and feet and apply it every night.

Chew wine, ginkgo biloba and distiller's grains on your nose and wash them at night. Essentials of medical forest.

Tinea capitis and facial tinea is cut off with raw ginkgo fruit, and it can be effective by rubbing it frequently. Shaw's empirical formula.

Apply scabies and gingko pestle. Zhao Yuanyang.

The pubic lice itch, and the insects in pubic hair are like lice, either red or white, which can't itch. Chew gingko seeds carefully and rub them frequently to get the effect. Liu Changchun, this way.

Dogs bite into sores and bear ginkgo. Chew carefully and then apply.

Half a catty of ulcerated ginkgo with carbuncle, ground with four ounces, and served with wine; Study with four or two, Fu Zhi. First aid is easy to change.

The water is black and yellow, numb and painless; Dark boils are convex and red, which makes people crazy. And first stab the square, then use ginkgo to shell and soak in oil for a long time, and mash it. Pujifang

Medicinal scope of ginkgo biloba leaves

The medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba leaves is mainly reflected in medicine, pesticides and veterinary drugs. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen once said: "Entering the lung meridian can benefit the temper, stop asthma and cough, and reduce defecation." Ginkgo biloba contained in Ben Feng Jing Yuan by Zhang Lulu in Qing Dynasty has the effects of resolving phlegm, detoxicating and killing insects, and can be used to treat "furuncle, ulceration of mammary abscess, dental caries, infantile diarrhea, leucorrhea with red and white discharge, persistent stranguria, nocturnal emission and enuresis". In the Ming Dynasty, Chinese patent medicines made of Ginkgo biloba leaves appeared in Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places for clinical use.

Why Ginkgo biloba can be used for medical treatment?

Kawamura( 1928) separated three compounds from ginkgo meat: ginkgolic acid, ginkgolic acid and ginkgolic acid.

Furukawa (1933) calculated the structural formulas of these three compounds. The main function of Ginkgo biloba leaves is anti-tuberculosis.

Zhu (1943) believes that Ginkgo biloba has a convulsive effect on mice through chemical and toxicological studies.

Lin et al. (1949) thought that white fruit juice, white pulp bilobanol, especially bilobalic acid, could inhibit the growth of bacteria in test tubes, while bilobanol could promote the growth of mycobacteria. In addition, Ginkgo biloba leaves have different degrees of inhibition on all kinds of bacteria. The antibacterial activity of pulp is stronger than that of peel.

Cao Renlie (1957) also reported that its aqueous solution had different degrees of inhibition on several tinea fungi. Many researchers have extracted ginkgol A from fresh Ginkgo biloba leaves, which has paralyzing effect on isolated rabbit intestine, contracting isolated uterus, temporarily lowering blood pressure and increasing vascular permeability.

Ginkgo biloba leaves also have important medicinal value. Up to now, there are more than 60 kinds of Ginkgo biloba extract with known chemical components/kloc-0. There are mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, polyisoprene, quinic acid, linoleic acid, python oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, α-hexenal, bilobanol, bilobanone and so on. Among them, theaflavins are the main ones, and the contents of four kinds of biflavonoids (theaflavins, ginkgetins, isoginkgetins and ginkgetins) in the crude extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves are the highest in autumn leaves. Autumn leaves 17.2mg/g, summer leaves 4.4 mg/g. In 1960s, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units developed Shuxuening injection with Ginkgo biloba leaves, which had certain curative effects on coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and cerebrovascular diseases.

The General Hospital of Wuhan Military Region has observed the clinical efficacy of 100 patients with hypercholesterolemia, and concluded that Ginkgo biloba extract (Guanxinone) has certain antihypertensive effect. Then, Germany, Britain, France, the United States, South Korea and so on. Ginkgo biloba is used to produce drugs for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In 1980s, Shanghai Tiangong Pharmaceutical Factory, Hubei Anlu Pharmaceutical Factory and Shenzhen Nanfang Pharmaceutical Factory all produced medicines made of Ginkgo biloba leaves. 1996, the United States applied for the patent of Ginkgo biloba extract AGE, which is a step ahead of the original GBE. Production of Ginkgo Beer and Ginkgo Beverage from Ginkgo Flavonoids in Tancheng, Shandong Province. Professor Xu Mu of Shandong Agricultural University and Yilin Institute developed Ginkgo biloba tea.

Ginkgo biloba exocarp contains a lot of hydrogenated ginkgolic acid and ginkgetin. The water-soluble components of exocarp have good antitussive and expectorant effects, and their properties are similar to those of cyclophosphamide and smeetasone. The effective rate of epicarp alcohol intermediate in inhibiting 22 common clinical pathogens was 865438 0%. 0. 1% hydrogenated ginkgolic acid inhibited 25 clinical pathogenic fungi with an effective rate of 92%. The inhibition rate of epicarp extract on apple charcoal yellow 1 1 plant fungi reached 88- 100%. The control rate of ethanol extract on crop diseases and insect pests reached 100% within 3 days.

The roots of Ginkgo biloba can also be used as medicine. According to Dou Guoxiang's research (198 1), Ginkgo biloba root contains ginkgolides C, M, A and B, which are sweet, mild and nontoxic. Can be used for treating leucorrhea and nocturnal emission. This study has opened up the medicinal ways of Ginkgo biloba, which has been used as firewood and even waste, as raw materials for drugs and to develop resources.

Ginkgo biloba leaves have the effect of treating senile dementia.

According to Xinhua News Agency, Rio de Janeiro, April 2:

According to media reports here, researchers at the Federal University of Sao Paulo in Brazil found that Ginkgo biloba, an ancient plant from China, can help treat Alzheimer's disease and delay the aging of the human brain.

The research team led by Dr. Santos, a famous Brazilian neurologist, began to study the treatment of patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease several years ago. The results show that Ginkgo biloba leaves have the function of smoothing blood vessels, and it has an unattainable effect in delaying brain aging and enhancing the memory of the elderly.

The research team selected 48 Alzheimer's patients aged 60-70 in the experiment. These patients were divided into two groups. The first group took 80 mg of refined ginkgo juice every day, and the other group took a placebo. Six months later, the researchers found that the patients who took the placebo got worse and worse, while the patients who took the ginkgo juice improved their memory, attention and ability to complete complex movements.

Ginkgo biloba, a plant to save the brain

Selected from: The New York Times's best-selling book "Magic Food"-the basic strategy to delay and reverse the aging process.

Author: [America] Jane Kappa Jean Carper

Translator: Qiu Wei Sharla Cheung

Publishing: Xinhua Publishing House

If your body has any circulatory problems, or you want to prevent these problems, including the decline of brain function caused by old age, then Ginkgo biloba may be a very favorable bet. If the doctor knew the function of Ginkgo biloba, he would definitely add it to the prescription. Fortunately, you can find it in any health food store. Yes, the name Ginkgo biloba is strange to many Americans. Sounds like something from the ancient Eastern Kingdom. But it is actually a very common ornamental plant, which can be found in the United States and other parts of the world. Ginkgo biloba leaves, which are mashed into powder or liquid, have long been famous for their rejuvenation effect on the brain. After 5000 years of intermittent popularization and spread of medicinal value of Ginkgo biloba, this kind of leaf split from the middle has been reborn forever. Ginkgo biloba is an ancient plant and has a unique effect on aging. The anti-aging ability of Ginkgo biloba has great scientific influence in Germany and France. Tens of millions of people in these two countries have used it to fight aging and achieved great success.

Dr Taylor, an authority on medicinal plants at Purdue University, claimed that Ginkgo biloba was "the most important plant sold in Europe in the past 10 years". For example, in Germany, Ginkgo biloba extract has been strictly tested, and doctors prescribe 5 million prescriptions containing Ginkgo biloba leaves every year to prevent and treat some of the most serious aging symptoms, including memory loss.

What is ginkgo? In technical terms, this anti-aging substance is called Ginkgo biloba extract. Ginkgo biloba is an ornamental plant with a history of 200 million years. Now it mainly grows in temperate regions of the world, including the United States. Its leaves, that is, the medicinal parts, are divided into two leaves, so it is called double leaves. Fifty kilograms of dried ginkgo biloba leaves can be made into one kilogram of ginkgo biloba extract, which can be liquid or solid, and is generally made into capsules or tablets.

According to some famous scientific magazines, the most outstanding anti-aging ability of Ginkgo biloba lies in improving blood circulation. This function is very important for some elderly people, whose blood vessels are aging, inelastic and embolic. Obviously, Ginkgo biloba leaves can help blood pass through the smallest and narrowest blood vessels more smoothly, so that the hypoxic parts of the brain, heart and limbs can be nourished, thus restoring memory and eliminating muscle pain. More than 300 scientific papers on Ginkgo biloba have been published in various magazines, many of which have proved that Ginkgo biloba can stimulate blood circulation and increase oxygen supply to tissues, which may play a role by dilating blood vessels and preventing blood viscosity and excessive platelet deposition. Most importantly, Ginkgo biloba leaves can not only deliver more oxygen and blood to the healthy part of the brain, but also pay special attention to the damaged part of the disease, so it can bring new life to the aging brain.

The powerful effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves also comes from another aspect: it is an efficient antioxidant. A recent experiment shows that Ginkgo biloba leaves are more effective than vitamin E in scavenging replacement free radicals, so it can effectively prevent the oxidation of high-fat cell membranes. Dr. Derry of the Pasteur Society in France believes that the most important function of Ginkgo biloba is to restore the integrity of the cell membrane after the cells are destroyed by displaced bases. In an important animal experimental study, Dr. Delhi also found that Ginkgo biloba can restore the ability of brain cells to receive signals from the nerve conduction system and guide the brain to work. For example, Ginkgo biloba leaves can miraculously restore some receiving points in brain cells and increase the transmission of serotonin, a very important brain chemical, which is gradually lost with age. This is another way for Ginkgo biloba to reverse brain aging.

In Europe, Ginkgo biloba has gained a reputation for improving the quality of life of the elderly, and it should become an important partner in everyone's life who wants to spend a happy and healthy old age.

(-mccabe, President of the Colorado Society of Herbology; The Colorado Society of Herbology is a non-profit organization that studies herbs. )

How does Ginkgo biloba resist aging and improve brain function? With the increase of age, the ability of oxygen-containing blood to pass through tiny capillaries in the brain gradually decreases, which is called cerebral blood supply insufficiency. Its symptoms are well known: decreased attention and short-term memory, absent-mindedness, mental confusion, fatigue, depression, anxiety, dizziness and tinnitus.

According to some surprising research results, Ginkgo biloba leaves can improve the symptoms of cerebral blood supply deficiency. Dr Clakin and Dr Naipchil of Maastricht Limbaugh University in the Netherlands analyzed 40 controlled studies. They published a paper in 1992 British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, pointing out that Ginkgo biloba leaves have the same effect as codeine. Two Dutch doctors specifically cited two studies conducted by 199 1 in Germany. In one study, 99 elderly patients with brain dysfunction for more than two years received Ginkgo biloba treatment. It was found that after three months, 72% of them improved their symptoms, while only 8% received placebo treatment. Similarly, German researchers conducted experiments on 200 69-year-old patients with memory impairment for more than four years. The results showed that 765,438+0% patients' symptoms improved after taking Ginkgo biloba preparation for 3 months, while only 32% patients who only took placebo improved their symptoms in the same period.

Two Dutch researchers are convinced of the medicinal value of Ginkgo biloba. They said that once the symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the brain appear, they will definitely take Ginkgo biloba for treatment, because all studies have not found that Ginkgo biloba has obvious serious side effects. According to their research, the most routine daily dose for treating cerebral blood supply deficiency is 120 mg, and the improvement of symptoms usually occurs four to six weeks after taking it.

The treatment of hydrocephalus is an unsolved problem in neurology and neurosurgery, but animal experiments have confirmed that Ginkgo biloba extract has a good effect on chemical hydrocephalus. Ginkgo biloba can also protect the liver, reduce arrhythmia and prevent fatal bronchoconstriction in allergic reactions. In other cases, it is also used to treat asthma, transplant rejection, myocardial infarction, stroke, organ protection and dialysis.

(-Dr. Herbert, teaching at the University of Arizona School of Medicine. )

Saving the aging brain Ginkgo biloba seems to play a faster and more effective role in the elderly who need it more than the young. According to an Italian study, intravenous injection of Ginkgo biloba extract can increase the cerebral blood flow of 70% elderly people. However, for people aged 30 to 50, the proportion is only 20%. On the other hand, the blood volume of people aged 50 to 70 has increased by 70%, and it takes less time for the elderly to increase their blood flow to the maximum than the young.

Restore memory quickly In some cases, memory will be improved rapidly. France conducted a double-blind experiment on 18 elderly men and women with an average age of 69, all of whom suffered from mild memory impairment. Ginkgo biloba can improve the speed of information processing in the brain. One hour before the experiment, the researchers gave participants 320 mg of Ginkgo biloba or 600 mg of placebo, and found that Ginkgo biloba almost increased the speed of information processing by half.

Delaying the occurrence of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease According to a double-blind experiment on 40 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in Germany, Ginkgo biloba leaves seem to improve some symptoms of these patients. After taking 80 mg of Ginkgo biloba leaves three times a day for one month, the memory, attention and sports psychological state have been obviously improved. Because Alzheimer's disease is considered to be partly caused by the damage of free radicals, the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba leaves is likely to delay the development of this damage, and if it can be used in a preventive way, the effect will be better. Dr. Brown, director of the Seattle Natural Products Research and Consulting Department, said: "Ginkgo biloba extract is one of the few things that can really be called value for money." ?

Improving peripheral blood circulation When people get old, they may have leg pain because of limited blood flow into peripheral arteries. This condition is called intermittent claudication. When the blood circulation is too weak, the amount of oxygen in the muscle decreases, the production of toxic substances and replacement substances increases, and pain occurs. There is conclusive evidence that Ginkgo biloba can relieve this pain by stimulating blood circulation. According to a German statistic, it analyzes the changes of five experiments, and the results show that taking Ginkgo biloba leaves can make patients go further in the treadmill experiment than before taking it. ?

In a 6-month experiment in Germany, Ginkgo biloba doubled the painless walking distance of 1/3 patients, and extended the walking distance by 30% in other patients. Ginkgo biloba leaves anti-aging commitment The following are the effects of Ginkgo biloba leaves listed according to the latest research results:

Improve the blood flow of arteries, veins and capillaries.

Improve the memory loss and information processing speed of the elderly.

Delaying the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.

Reduce the occurrence of foot pain caused by insufficient blood flow in limbs.

Prevent bacterial overactivity, including gum disease.

Relieve dizziness.

Reduce tinnitus.

Prevent vision loss caused by retinal hypoxia.

Improve hearing loss caused by blood loss.

Lower blood pressure.

Increase benign high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Prevent abnormal thrombosis.

By increasing the blood flow of penis, the symptoms of male impotence can be alleviated.

Relieve Leonard's disease, a circulatory disease that can cause cold hands and feet.

How many types are appropriate? Almost all scientific research on Ginkgo biloba uses a standard Ginkgo biloba extract product named EGB, 76 1, which is produced by German pharmaceutical company William Schwab. When it is sold in the United States, it is generally a tablet product with the trademark Ginkgoid. This tablet contains 24% of compounds called flavonoid glycosides, which are available in general health food stores. The general dose to solve the problem of aging is: take standard 40 mg ginkgo biloba tablets three times a day. Note: the effect of taking special preparations is different from that of picking a few leaves from a ginkgo tree near your home to make tea.

How long will it take to see the effect? If you use the usual dosage of 120 mg every day, it may take at least 4 to 6 weeks or even longer to achieve the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves. A recent study in Germany shows that it takes six weeks to improve short-term memory and six months to improve learning ability. Eating ginkgo leaves is not once and for all. You must keep taking it to get good results. Once you stop taking it, the improvement and improvement of blood flow brought by Ginkgo biloba leaves will never return. How much is too much? Among natural medicines, Ginkgo biloba is considered to be a particularly safe one. It can only cause minor adverse reactions, such as stomach upset and headache, but no serious side effects have been found. A study showed that only 0.5% of 8500 people who took Ginkgo biloba leaves for more than 6 months had mild adverse reactions, such as stomach upset. In addition, according to some reports, the daily dose of 120 mg will temporarily make some elderly people feel dizzy. If this happens, reducing the dose can make this symptom disappear. Some experts believe that if a large dose is needed for therapeutic purposes, elderly patients with mild headache and dizziness can start with a small dose and increase the dose after 6 weeks. Of course, all this must be guided by a doctor. Note: Those who are taking other drugs or have thrombosis problems according to the doctor's advice must consult a doctor before taking Ginkgo biloba leaves. Those who have side effects after taking Ginkgo biloba leaves must also consult a doctor.

Expert: The Secret of Anti-aging Dr. Cratz, 40, is the president of the American Association of Anti-aging Drugs. Dr. Cratz is the founder and head of the Society, and he is committed to training doctors in the clinical application of anti-aging drugs. The Association is the first organization to study aging as a treatable disease. Dr. Cratz supplements the following nutrition every day:

Vitamin e-800 international unit

Vitamin C-2000 to12000mg

Carotene-15mg

Selenium-200mg

Coenzyme Q- 10- 100 mg

Ginkgo biloba extract -80 mg

Garlic capsule-12 capsule

Large dose multivitamin and mineral tablets (iron and copper free)

Why do you have to wait until you lose a lot of physical strength before you start taking ginkgo? Why not take Ginkgo biloba leaves as early as possible to prevent the damage of the replaced population, just like taking antioxidants such as vitamin E and C? In fact, new research results challenge old ideas. In the past, the application of Ginkgo biloba mainly focused on its therapeutic function. Now, new research shows that Ginkgo biloba is a powerful antioxidant with anti-aging function, which can prevent some senile diseases.

Researchers in Belgium found that the function of Ginkgo biloba is similar to that of superoxide dismutase, the most powerful antioxidant secreted by human body, which is the substance mentioned above to rejuvenate fruit flies. Japanese researchers have found that myricetin and theaflavin, two antioxidants in Ginkgo biloba, can resist the damage of replacement groups to brain cells, thus bringing protection to hypoxic brain cells. The researchers speculate that the antioxidant activity of these two flavonoids can prevent the oxidation of brain cells by migratory free radicals. Therefore, taking 40 to 80 mg of Ginkgo biloba leaves every day from middle age as an anti-aging preventive measure will help to keep the brain function sound in old age. This is the opinion of Dr. Cratz. He is 40 years old and is the president of the American Antioxidant Association in Chicago. He takes 80 mg of Ginkgo biloba leaves every day as a nervous system protection measure to prevent brain degeneration in the elderly. He said: "If I start early enough, I hope to reduce the degree of degradation in my old age." Ginkgo biloba leaves are especially suitable for those who have just discovered brain dysfunction. Experts say it can delay this decline and postpone or eliminate future formal treatment.