Tangka reading materials for silk paintings
Silk painting thangka
A religious painting painted on cloth is very popular in Tibetan areas. This scroll painting is called Thangka in Tibetan. For Tibetan Buddhist monks, thangka is an indispensable item in practice. In Buddhist temples, many thangkas are mixed among prayer flags, treasure covers and ribbons, hanging from beams, which play a very important decorative role in temples.
In China, paintings painted on silk or cloth are called "silk books". After the rise of Buddhism, silk paintings were injected with a large number of Buddhist themes, such as Buddha, Bodhisattva, King of Heaven, Lux Statue, Narrative Painting, Painting Modification, etc. Silk paintings of Tibetan Buddhism existed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and got greater development in the Ming Dynasty. According to textual research, the earliest Thangka was preserved in Saganan Temple in Tibet, and was born in the Five Dynasties of 10 century. The early Thangka was almost square, and later it was rectangular. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The number of thangkas in Tibetan areas has greatly increased. Thangka is usually two to three feet long. Due to the limitation of picture frames, it is not convenient to reflect grand scenes, so drawing images of Buddha, Tara, deity and dharma has become the focus of Thangka, accounting for about 80% of the total. Traditionally, there is a giant Buddha in the middle of Thangka. Or sitting on the lotus seat with a gentle expression, or surrounded by fire with a ferocious face, there are trees, flowers and clouds in the four corners. But there are also Thangka who tell the life of Buddha and monks in the form of comic books. For example, the most common life of the Buddha is composed of 65,438+000 thangkas.
In Tibetan areas, there are many monks and folk craftsmen who paint Thangka. Moreover, some famous monks are often painters. As Thangka is the object of worship, artists regard Thangka's creation as a kind of public morality. Therefore, every Thangka is a painstaking work, and it is rarely shoddy. Thangka's composition is complicated. Besides the Buddha, it is necessary to draw some decorative patterns such as rosettes, auspicious clouds and Hua Teng. Painters must obey the rules and not do whatever they want.
Thangka is made in three steps. The first step is to process the canvas. First, soak the white cloth in lime water. Soften the cloth, then spread it on the board, polish it repeatedly with stones, and then brush a layer of glue mixed with talcum powder. The treated canvas is soft and smooth, and there are no holes. The second step is to sketch the composition. The painter first draws the manuscript with charcoal, then paints it with pigment, and then grinds the juice with pure gold to finish the picture. The third step is finishing and installation. The canvas is embroidered with brocade wrapping around it, which runs through the wooden shaft up and down, and the canvas surface is covered with translucent silk curtains. After the living Buddha chanted. Sometimes the back of the canvas is covered with living Buddha prints or cinnabar handprints. At this point, a scroll painting that can be rolled up and carried around is completed. It usually takes two or three months to draw a beautiful Thangka.
In addition to painting, Thangka has embroidery, jacquard and other production processes. The most precious silk painting is a silk statue, which is made of gold thread. This hand-made silk Buddha painting was previously presented by the imperial court. The back of these silk Buddha statues often bears the imprint of the Panchen Lama's left palm, which is an extremely rare handicraft. Thangka is a solemn thing in the temple. Different numbers of Thangkas are hung in each hall and temple, and some original works are treasured and handed down from generation to generation.
(Excerpted from Reading for Middle School Students,No. 1 1, No.20 10, abridged)
Tangka reading practice of silk painting
6, the following statement about "thangka", the correct one is ()
A the word "thangka" comes from Tibetan and refers to a scroll painting with religion as its theme, which is popular in Tibetan areas.
B many thangkas play a very important decorative role in Buddhist temples, so they are indispensable items for Tibetan Buddhist monks to practice.
C. The earliest preserved Thangka was born in the Five Dynasties. The early thangkas were all square, and later they were changed into rectangles.
D. The length of Thangka is generally between two and three feet, and the focus is on drawing statues such as Buddha statue and Tara, not seeking to embody grand scenes.
7. The following statement about Thangka making is incorrect ().
A. Soak the white cloth in lime water to soften it, then polish it with stones and brush it with glue to make the canvas soft and smooth, without exposing cloth holes.
B. The painter draws a draft on the canvas with charcoal pen, then colors the draft, and then draws lines with golden juice to complete the sketch and composition.
C. The painter needs to set a brocade frame around the canvas, fix it with wood, and cover the surface with translucent silk curtains.
D. The framed canvas is blessed by chanting by the living Buddha, and sometimes the back is stamped with the seal of the living Buddha or cinnabar handprint, thus completing a Thangka.
8. Among the following statements, the one that does not conform to the original intention is ().
A most thangkas draw Buddha statues, and some thangkas connect multiple pictures in the form of cartoons to describe the lives of Buddha and monks.
B. thangka is the object of worship. The artist regards Thangka's creation as a kind of public morality. Painters must draw according to regulations and are not allowed to play freely.
C. The most precious Thangka is a silk scroll made of gold thread, and the left palm of Panchen Lama is often printed on the back. This is an extremely rare handicraft.
D in Tibetan areas, the "silk copy" is called thangka, and its composition is very complicated. In addition to the Buddha statue, there are decorative patterns such as Lotus Pagoda, Xiangyun and Hua Teng.
Interpreting Thangka of Silk Painting
6.A(B) There is no causal relationship between them; C. the statement that "all are squares" is too absolute; D. the mistake of "not pursuing the big scene" should be "inconvenient to reflect the big scene" according to the original text. )
7, c ("four sides are fixed with wooden strips" is wrong, it should be "running through the wooden shaft from top to bottom", so as to make a scroll painting. )
8.d (According to the original text, "silk copy" should be the general name of paintings painted on silk or cloth, so the statement that "silk copy is Thangka" is incorrect)
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