The periodic fluctuation of the pig industry market always makes pig farmers happy and worried. However, this is a normal law and the result of market regulation, and it will continue in the future. Low production level and continuous pig diseases are the real disasters of pig industry and the root cause of pig farmers' pain! Take the number of fattening pigs provided by each sow every year as an example, the national average is less than 1000, which shows that a considerable number of pig farms can't make money!
The ups and downs of the market certainly affect the benefits of raising pigs; Raising pigs well and maximizing the benefits of each pig are the most important points that pig farmers should pay attention to. Only by taking comprehensive measures to strengthen the health management of pigs can pigs be healthy, high-yield and efficient.
1 Strengthen personnel management and training
The health management of pigs is carried out by mountain people, and the quality of employees will directly affect the implementation effect.
First of all, you must have a love for pigs. If you want to love the cause of raising pigs, you must devote yourself to the cause of raising pigs with a relaxed mood. "I want to do" and "I want to do", the result will be very different! Put yourself in the pig's shoes and take care of the pig in every possible way. For piglets, give them child-like care; For pregnant sows, care should be given like pregnant women; Nursing sows should be given maternal care; Boars deserve VIP care. Only in this way can pigs continuously create wealth for us. If we just treat pigs as animals, we are indifferent, even barbaric. Without a suitable environment, a good diet and a state of bitterness and fear, pigs can't even survive at the minimum, let alone create for us!
Secondly, the staff should have strong execution. Generally speaking, execution is the ability to put all kinds of ideas, rules and regulations and operational processes into place and put them into practice. Many pig farms have made a series of feasible pig farm management schemes under the guidance of experts or professional technicians, but the final result is still problems. This is largely related to implementation. "target 10 execution = result", lacking execution, even without better plan and more accurate target, it is impossible to get good results. Take disinfection as an example. Assuming that disinfection is stipulated for three days 1 time, there may be many problems in the actual implementation process: disinfection or not? What disinfectant did you use? How irritating is it? What is the concentration? How high is the temperature of the house? What time of day is disinfection? Is there any conflict with epidemic vaccination? What's the sanitation of the pig house or the pig herd? How did the pig react? Whether ..... can be effectively and safely implemented will greatly affect the disinfection effect.
Third, on the basis of ensuring the biological safety of pig farms, try to create a relatively relaxed environment for employees. Pig farms enjoy the reputation of "civilized prisons", which seems to be the need to reduce occupational risks, but it has also become the helplessness of many pig farmers. Squatting in a pig farm 24 hours a day, rarely going home once a year, the environment is extremely dirty, the food is extremely poor, and the boring life and work are mechanically repeated all day. In this "prison" environment, employees often feel depressed and fidgety.
Manic; In such an environment, it is difficult for employees to show strong work enthusiasm, and it is also difficult to play invincible combat effectiveness. As a result, many pig farms have experienced the embarrassing situation of "difficult employment": it is difficult to find animal husbandry and veterinary technicians, decent breeders and frequent job-hopping. The staff are not only of low quality, but also unstable. In this case, it is almost impossible to ensure the health of pigs and achieve a higher production level! Therefore, it is necessary to constantly improve diet and
Living conditions for relieving employees' depression; In order to change the strict management mode, lfu should be replaced by humanized management mode; Take the way of "please come in and send out" and conduct regular technical and management training to make employees feel more and more extravagant; Continuously adopt advanced production equipment and technology to reduce the labor intensity and work difficulty of employees; Create a positive, optimistic, United and upward corporate culture atmosphere, and enhance employees' sense of identity and belonging to the enterprise.
2. In the breeding of breeding pigs, we should insist on "healthy and high yield" as several main goals. Lfu does not blindly pursue good health, that is, it has no specific pathogen, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance. High yield, that is, good reproductive performance, fast growth rate and good meat production performance. The average number of weaned piglets or fattened pigs provided by a sow in a year is an important index to determine whether a pig farm is profitable. On average, fattening pigs are less than 14 per year, which is unlikely to be profitable; If it exceeds 18, it is unlikely to be damaged. Without healthy and high-yield pigs, it is impossible for pig farms to reach the balance line of profit 5.
Open!
In the actual pig production, a considerable number of pig farms are keen to introduce breeding pigs similar to bodybuilders, and some even claim that "non-biceps hips" are not needed! In order to meet the market demand, many pig farms have to adjust their breeding direction to cultivate beautiful pigs as the primary goal. In this way, the pig's body shape is getting more and more beautiful, and the disadvantages brought by it are becoming more and more headaches for pig farmers: poor anti-stress ability, high incidence, inconspicuous estrus of sows, low quasi-pregnancy rate, few live births and a large increase in dystocia.
It must be clear that the purpose of raising pigs is to make money, not to look good; Raising a profitable pig, lfu is not a good-looking pig. Breeding breeding pigs with harmonious and healthy body shape, more babies, fast growth speed, high feed efficiency and more high-quality pork should be the goal pursued by breeders, breeding pig farms, commercial pig farms and butcher shops, rather than going to extremes in pursuit of a certain body shape goal, which will have great negative effects.
3. Adjust the concept of disease prevention and control, completely abandon the treatment method of "seeking medical treatment for the sick", and establish the concept of "nurturing is more important than prevention, and prevention is more important than cure"
Pig farms that pay attention to "governance" are often full of loopholes and crises. Employees play the role of "firemen" and are busy "putting out the fire". The pig farms in lfu which are mainly "prevention" are generally pig farms with high management level and production level. Employees can engage in epidemic prevention and health care work in an orderly manner, with fewer major epidemics; 1fO focuses on "raising", but it is a pig farm that has entered the realm of "super comfort": employees are relaxed and happy, and pigs are laid back!
The "feeding" here is a broad sense of feeding, including good environmental control, good nutrition supply and good feeding management.
Good environmental control. Qualified pig farmers must have a strong sense of environmental protection: without a good environment, there can be no good pigs; If you want to raise pigs well, you must first create a good environment. The big environment of pig farms should strive for trees, flowers and plants everywhere, no peculiar smell and fewer mosquitoes and flies. The space between buildings should be widened appropriately to facilitate ventilation, lighting and epidemic prevention. Entering the office area should not feel like entering a pig farm, lfi! Is to enter the manor of self-cultivation The environment of the pigsty should strive to achieve the four standards of "dryness, cleanliness, warmth and ventilation". "Dry" means that the dry and humid environment is not conducive to the growth, development and reproduction of any pig; "Clean" refers to clean and timely removal of pollutants; "Warm" means that the indoor temperature is suitable, neither cold in winter nor hot in summer; "Ventilation" means good ventilation and fresh air, and the concentration of harmful gases, dust and pathogenic microorganisms in the air is greatly reduced.
Good nutrition supply. The cost of feed should be considered, but we should not blindly pursue the reduction of feed cost, because low nutrition level often leads to low breeding level. In addition to protein and energy, to meet the nutritional needs of pigs, it is also necessary to ensure an adequate and balanced supply of various vitamins, trace elements and amino acids. A good feed plays a more important role than any "psychotropic drug". In recent years, the so-called "high fever", which is popular in a large area, is related to the excessive pursuit of reducing feeding costs by pig farms and farmers to some extent. Using cheap feed, cheap drugs and epidemics, including giving priority to employees with low monthly salary requirements, leads to poor pig health and yield in lfu.
Low level.
Good feeding management. The key is to have "love" for pigs, as mentioned earlier. Be kind to pigs, and pigs will be rewarded handsomely: they will produce more, live more and grow faster; If lfu abuses pigs, pigs can only give meager returns: they produce less, live less, grow slowly, and may not even pay enough. It is necessary to minimize the stress brought to pigs by population transfer, feeding, injection and environmental mutation, so that pigs can give full play to their genetic potential.
Purifying key diseases will make disease control difficult.
Dramatically cut prices
In recent years, in the serious epidemic that has plagued the pig industry, the pathogens are complex and changeable. There are viruses: classical swine fever virus, blue ear disease virus, pseudorabies virus, circovirus type 2, influenza virus; Bacteria include: Haemophilus parasuis, Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Escherichia coli, Actinobacillus; There are mycoplasma, Toxoplasma gondii and Eperythrozoon. It is difficult and unrealistic to eliminate all pathogens. Classical swine fever, blue ear disease and pseudorabies have played an important role in many epidemic situations all over the country. Practice has proved that it is feasible and effective to purify swine fever and pseudorabies.
Since 2004, under the guidance of Qiu, a researcher from Jining Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Province, it has taken the lead in carrying out the whole group purification of classical swine fever in Shandong Province. It has been more than five years since boars, sows and reserve pigs were sampled and tested twice a year. Since the second half of 2008, the original breeding pig farm in Jining City has started the purification of porcine pseudorabies. Although there are still some disputes in this regard, such as whether it is necessary to purify, what method to purify, and whether it can achieve the peak purpose. Judging from the continuous improvement of the production level of the whole audience and the good response from imported customers, the disease purification work has made great achievements, and we will continue to do it unremittingly.
Purification method of classical swine fever: tonsils were collected from living bodies one by one and detected by fluorescent antibody method in qualified research institutions. All antigen-positive pigs are poisonous pigs, and we must resolutely eliminate them. Purification difficulty is not a technical difficulty, nor is it a testing cost, lfi! It lies in the huge elimination cost, but it is worthwhile for the long-term interests of this field and customers.
Don't take "saving lives" as the responsibility of pig farmers, but implement a strict elimination system.
It is natural for me to advocate "saving the wounded and saving the dying and carrying forward the humanitarian revolutionary spirit" in medical treatment. lfi！ In the practice of pig production, if we blindly pursue "saving the wounded and saving the dying", it will inevitably lead to the further spread of pig diseases. The purpose of raising pigs is to make money, lfu is not to study diseases. The study of diseases should be the work of experts and professors in institutions of higher learning and Yili Research Institute.
A pig farm that is keen on researching and treating a variety of intractable diseases cannot be an efficient pig farm, but may become a paradise for viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and other pathogenic microorganisms! The principle of "five deaths" put forward by Professor Wu Zengjian has very realistic guiding significance: incurable sick pigs, incurable sick pigs with high treatment costs, time-consuming and laborious sick pigs, incurable sick pigs with low economic value after recovery, and incurable sick pigs with strong infectivity. After a period of severe elimination, disease purification will play an active role, and the health and production performance of pigs will be significantly improved.
Attach great importance to the harm of mycotoxin to pigs
Around 2003, the harm of mycotoxin began to attract the attention of pig industry. Looking back on the past eight years, the harm caused by mycotoxins to the pig industry has far exceeded a single disease. In the so-called "high fever" that has been raging in recent years, mycotoxins have "contributed".
The effect of feed I is better than all panaceas, but if the raw materials of feed I are mildewed, mycotoxins will have a certain toxic effect on pigs, and even cause illness and death of pigs. Corn, soybean meal, drum skin, fish meal and other raw materials may be contaminated by mycotoxin. Fusarium toxins are the most harmful to aquaculture in China, including zearalenone, fumonisin, deoxycucurbitacin and aflatoxin.
Photosensitive pigment, stored Aspergillus toxin, etc. , can cause the phenomenon such as decreased food intake, poor growth, decreased lactation, irregular estrus, abortion and stillbirth. The immunosuppressive effect of mycotoxin especially makes pig farmers have a headache! It can lead to decreased immune effect or even immune failure, and it can also lead to ineffective medication. It's not necessarily a bad epidemic, it's not necessarily a problem with the plan, it's probably a problem with immunosuppression. Drugs proved to be very sensitive in the laboratory may not be effective in preventing and treating some bacterial diseases in pigs.
In 2003, a large number of corn was contaminated by mycotoxins, and the incidence of pigs increased significantly that year. In 2006, "high fever" of pigs occurred in many parts of the country, and the loss of pig industry was even heavier, which was largely related to the contamination of corn harvested in 2005 by mycotoxin. In September 2009, it was rainy in many areas in the north, so we should pay special attention to the possible harm caused by mycotoxins.
To reduce the harm caused by mycotoxin, the key is to strictly control the raw materials-procurement, and would rather spend more money on good goods per catty than cheap raw materials. If possible, corn and other raw materials can be selected by a seed selector to screen out small mold particles and impurities. In view of mycotoxin pollution, adding a certain amount of highly effective mycotoxin treatment agent to feed 1 can reduce the harm of mycotoxin to some extent.
7. Formulate feasible epidemic prevention and health care procedures.
It is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, make the best use of the situation, make appropriate measures according to the time, formulate epidemic prevention and health care regulations that are beneficial to one school, and ensure that they are implemented. The epidemic prevention and health care procedures mentioned here include both vaccination and drug health care through injection, drinking water and feed administration. These measures are very important and directly related to the survival and development of pig farms. It should be emphasized that any epidemic prevention and health care plan recommended by any expert cannot be a "one size fits all" truth, so it must be analyzed in detail. There are always different opinions on some issues, and different experts and professors even argue endlessly, such as: which epidemic situations should be included in the epidemic prevention plan, whether swine fever can be pre-immunized, whether it is necessary to vaccinate against blue ear disease, whether to choose live virus or attenuated virus for vaccination against blue ear disease, and why the epidemic prevention effect of foot-and-mouth disease is often unsatisfactory.
Study the opinions of experts and professors with an open mind, and actively learn from the successful experience of other advanced pig farms, so that Bai Ji can take fewer detours. But it will be dangerous to copy the epidemic prevention and health care procedures without analysis! Only after a small group of experiments and a period of comparison, analysis and summary can we determine the scheme suitable for Baiji dolphin. Yes, the pig farm lfi! It is said that stability is the last word and appropriateness is the best.