Paul. Paul A. Samuelson, born in 19 15, is smart and diligent. Samuelson comes from a family of economists. His nephew is Summers, the chief economic adviser of US President Barack Obama, and his brother Robert and sister Anita are also well-known economists.
193 1 year, Paul? Samuelson was admitted to the University of Chicago, majoring in economics. He is only 15 years old.
At this time, the development of economics, as Samuelson said in a speech in February 1985: "When I started studying economics at the University of Chicago 1932, economics was only the economics of words." No figures were added to the economics subject.
Samuelson went on to say: "In old economics, old fallacies are everywhere, and it is difficult to breed powerful new scientific plants from this soil, and fashionable textbooks and papers can't effectively reflect the real world." Samuelson's economics at this time is classical economics since Adam (the mainstream school of economic thought before Keynesian theory)? After Smith founded it in 1776, it was at its weakest.
Samuelson said: "1932, economists were born at the right time." 1936 became the chairman of the economic advisory Committee of the British cabinet, John? Maynard Keynes published his most influential book, Employment? A general theory of interest and money (hereinafter referred to as the general theory), economics has revived.
Under the influence of this epoch-making work, many American economists are interested in Keynes's theory, and Samuelson's mentor is one of them. He originally opposed Keynes's state intervention policy and advocated "laissez-faire". Later, he became the disseminator of Keynesianism in the United States and transplanted Keynesianism to the United States. He not only inherited Keynes's economic theory, but also popularized it and made some supplementary developments, and later became one of the authoritative figures of the American Keynesian school.
Samuelson continued to study at Harvard University after graduation. Under the guidance of his tutor, Samuelson received his doctorate at the age of 26. His doctoral thesis "The Importance of the Operation of Economic Theory" won the Wells Prize of Harvard University, and it was on this basis that "Fundamentals of Economic Analysis" won Samuelson the Nobel Prize in Economics.
1958, he and r? Solo and r? Dofman co-authored the book Linear Programming and Economic Analysis, which contributed to the newly born econometrics in economics.
Paul. Samuelson's second achievement: he helped the Kennedy administration, which came to power in economic difficulties, formulate the famous "Kennedy tax reduction plan"
When Samuelson was a doctor, he reread William? Go find Adam with your brother? Smith, from Ricardo to Marshall, Walras, Pareto, Pigou and Keynes, can look at the whole history of economic thought and look at Keynesianism from a new angle. At that time, the society paid great attention to the "investment multiplier theory" and "employment multiplier theory" in Keynesian theory. Samuelson believes that Keynesianism came into being under the historical background of the capitalist world economic crisis, which started in April 1929 and basically stopped in April 1933. Keynes's theory is of great value to the development of capitalism. Therefore, he decided to study Keynesianism from the problems of investment and employment that needed to be solved urgently at that time.
196 1 1 In his first State of the Union address as president, Kennedy pessimistically declared: "The current economic situation is disturbing. We came to power after seven months of recession, three and a half years of depression, seven years of economic growth slowdown and nine years of agricultural income decline. "
1953 When the third edition of Economics was published, Samuelson came to the US Budget Office to advise the US government.
Kennedy was the first American president who explicitly pursued Keynesianism. Kennedy adopted Samuelson's suggestion and implemented the famous "Kennedy tax reduction" policy, which increased consumption expenditure, expanded aggregate demand and increased economic production and employment. In fact, when the tax reduction policy proposed by Kennedy was finally implemented in 1964, it contributed to a period of high economic growth. Samuelson also became an indispensable senior adviser to the White House.
Paul. Samuelson's third achievement: economics, a masterpiece that has influenced several generations.
From 65438 to 0948, Samuelson published his most influential masterpiece Economics. The book was out of stock as soon as it was published. Publishers in many countries spared no expense to snap up its publishing rights, and soon it was translated into Japanese, German, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Russian and other languages.
Commenting on Samuelson's influence in the field of economics, some economists pointed out that Samuelson is everywhere in the field of economics. When people entered the university to study economics, they met Samuelson and read Samuelson's textbook Economics. When entering the research of high-level economic theory, people still cannot leave Samuelson. At this time, Samuelson's "Basis of Economic Analysis" became a guide to economic theory research; In almost all fields of economics, such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics and quantitative economics, people can always get inspiration and reference from Samuelson's related works.