Keywords: Fortress Besieged; Language art; Irony feature
Fortress Besieged is the only novel written by Mr Qian Zhongshu. In terms of artistic value, it is one of the few masterpieces in China's modern literature that can be handed down from generation to generation. The tone of his creation is satire, and the uniqueness of his language lies in its strong satire. His new creation is that he shows ugliness in all aspects with irony, instead of preaching to expose the social ills he sees throughout his works.
First, satire is flexible and diverse in Fortress Besieged.
The language in Fortress Besieged is unique, with sparks of humor, irony and wisdom everywhere. The application of irony in Fortress Besieged is just right, which can be described as novel and ingenious, and fully embodies the author's superb skills in controlling language.
First, he is good at satirizing in classical Chinese sentences. Mr Qian Zhongshu was well influenced by China's classical literature. In Fortress Besieged, Qian Zhongshu used classical Chinese words flexibly to depict and satirize characters, and achieved good results. For example, when writing Fang Dunweng, it is described as follows: A woman has a doctorate after studying abroad. As long as a foreigner marries her, otherwise a man will have at least two doctorates, Hung-chien. Am I right? What's this feeling? The woman you marry must be better than my family, and the woman you marry must not be like my family? , a truth. ? Here? The woman you marry must be better than my family, and the woman you marry must not be like my family? It is classical Chinese. Through this sentence, the author satirizes Fang Dunweng's idea that men are superior to women, and also satirizes his pedantic nature. There is also a paragraph from manager Zhou of the gold and silver bank:? People with virtue are brilliant, well-known and famous on five continents. There is no need to brag about his doctor. But your father's adult was a dutiful son in the former Qing Dynasty. A virtuous man raised foreigners, built a few grams of Shao, and then came from behind, and a foolish man was also honored. ? This passage is written in classical Chinese, so the author uses the role of classical Chinese to make readers feel * * * and satirize Manager Zhou's hypocrisy, vanity and philistinism.
The second is to borrow English for irony. Generally speaking, if modern Chinese can be clearly expressed in words, there is no need to borrow foreign words, which will be counterproductive. However, Mr. Qian Zhongshu used English in his novels, but he achieved the effect of satirizing the characters. For example, what Zhang Jimin said when he met Fang Hung-chien? Hello! Dr. Fang, long time no see! Sure! Look at it! Sure! It's worth a lot of money, a lot of money. And these things are not much better than calligraphy and painting. Buying a fake painting and calligraphy is worthless, which is equal to waste paper. China is fake, at least it can hold food and rice. I sometimes invite foreign friends to dinner, so I use that Kangxi kiln? Blue oil? Salad is cooked in a big plate. They all think it's antique and the food tastes a little out of date. ? Here, the author vividly describes Mr. Zhang's ugly behavior of worshipping foreign things and flattering foreign countries, and satirizes his ability to show off himself and his lackeys.
In addition, it is worth noting that Mr. Qian often uses homophones to write articles in the translation of names and words to achieve ironic effect. For example, Li put it on his business card? Professor Li? Translate into English? Professor Mei Dingli? (Maybe, noisy, careless), Mr. Qian also made an appointment under the pretext of Zhao? Mei Ting? With what? Mating? (mating) together, full of irony, so that Li, a hypocrite, naturally reveals his lascivious nature again.
Thirdly, using words to satirize skillfully makes the language have a different flavor and give people a new feeling. Example:? Later with China? Fight side by side? At that time, Britain and the United States only wanted to remain neutral, and China was neither neutral nor established at all. What about this? Neutral? Become just want to stand in China, and everything for the Japanese? . ? Neutral? The author decomposes here and becomes? Not neutral or based in China 3? These ideas are a funny mockery of British and American incompetence. Among them? Fight side by side? It also belongs to the way of variation in the extraordinary use of words.
In addition, the satirical techniques in Fortress Besieged are flexible and diverse, and metaphors, allusions, repetitions, comparisons, inferences and other techniques are everywhere, achieving a nearly perfect satirical effect.
Second, the satirical objects in Fortress Besieged are all-encompassing.
In the novel Fortress Besieged, Mr. Qian Zhongshu satirizes a wide range of people. In the preface, he said: In this book, I want to write about a certain part of modern China society and a certain kind of people. When writing this kind of people, I haven't forgotten whether they are human beings or human beings with the basic roots of hairless biped. . And this kind of characters were just morbid intellectuals at that time. In Fortress Besieged, the sharp edge of wit is often used to stab these so-called? Hairless biped? .
It can be said that in Besieged City? People? Almost every character appeared in the film, and the author gave an ironic description of his portrait. Often use subtle and ironic cartoon brushwork to make it physical appearance. For example, who appeared once? Philosopher? His fame was gained through correspondence and meetings with famous foreign philosophers. When he boasted smugly about his conversation with Russell, he was actually exposing his emptiness and boredom. Another example is Gao Songnian, president of San Lv University. He claims to be an old scientist who studies biology, but people can't see his demeanor as a scientist. In fact, he is an academic bureaucrat with ulterior motives, lustful drinking and playing politics. He is the embodiment of that dark and corrupt university. Sue received a doctorate in literature in France, claiming to be? Both talent and beauty? what's up Poetess? But what about hers? Proud work? It turned out to be a German folk song copied. Call yourself a poet? Cao Yuanlang, its? Masterpiece? "platter" is disgusting. These two eventually formed Qin Jin, didn't they? Perfect match? . Examples like this can be seen everywhere in Fortress Besieged. Every character, in Qian Zhongshu's pen, has become a satirical cartoon.
In Fortress Besieged, isn't the author just right? Intellectual? People who drive pawns make fun of them, even those lifeless things will be made fun of. Like what? The table is like slapping the butcher Hu in The Scholars and scraping off half a catty of lard? It's about a dirty table in a small country hotel: the waiter brought the chicken, and a piece of meat on the plate was like the meat given by an iron cock on the wind needle in the chapel? It says that Saigon winemakers are unusually tough? Gourmet? ; ? This is not cooking chicken soup, just like taking a bath in it? Written by the person in charge of San Lv University, hosted a light chicken soup for the guests; ? Fish, like the marine corps, have landed for several days; Meat, like diving boat soldiers, will stay in the water for a long time; Except vinegar, bread, butter and red wine are sour? . Is this string of inappropriate things written by Fang Bao all day? Everything is awkward? Unfortunately, the author captured the satirical and comic fragments in his life, colored the portrait and rendered it with relaxed humor.
In the process of displaying the characters, the author lost no time in mocking and satirizing official corruption, government incompetence, academic hypocrisy and social backwardness. Qian Zhongshu's brushwork touched the ugliness of politics, banking, press and business in Shili Foreign Exchange, and also described the ridiculous and despicable life of the residents. Then, the following example is the vivid portrait of the ugly and boring literati of the political group in the society at that time with his fighting pen: but Fang Hung-chien may be as reported in the Battle Report these days. Maintain strength and retreat strategically. Fang Hung-chien's performance was used to criticize the Kuomintang's policy of capitulation and betrayal. Another example is comparing the mud on the soles of Fang Hung-chien's feet on the muddy road? Is it worth scraping by corrupt officials? Compare the color of half-baked fat that can't be sold in the store for a long time to? Bad luck is like a red man, cold and black? , sharp and appropriate, funny. These blurted metaphors, seemingly inadvertently, essentially contain the writer's ruthless flogging and criticism of those cannibals. For the boring literati portrayed in the book who swindle all day under the banner of Oxford and Cambridge, the writer also uses his spicy brushwork and ironic metaphor to uncover their veils and restore their true colors.
Thirdly, the prominent position of satirical art in Fortress Besieged.
An excellent novel should depict typical characters in a typical environment. Ba Jin once said that readers are concerned about the life reflected in the works and the fate of the protagonist. Traditional novels generally pay more attention to the ideological content of novels, and pay attention to the integrity and prevarication of stories. The most impressive thing about Fortress Besieged is not the theme and story of the work, but Mr. Zhong Shu's unique and pungent ridicule of society and life. Although the novel also has obvious themes, it has no complete and fascinating story. The theme and plot are not valued by readers, not because the theme and plot of the work have no social value, but because Mr. Qian Zhongshu's unique and spicy satirical art is particularly eye-catching, guiding readers to shift their attention from society to the excavation of mental illness and ugly souls, not winning by fierce contradictions and conflicts, but infecting readers with subtle and interesting satirical art.
The position of satirical art in Fortress Besieged is very obvious. Different from traditional novels, which are rendered by typical environment, they mainly depict characters through various satirical artistic techniques. Although the work also pays attention to depicting the background of the times and makes it an important part of the work, it is unparalleled in dealing with the relationship with characterization. A good work should have distinctive features in at least some aspects in order to show the author's unique personality and quality. For example, Chekhov's works are spicy and ironic, with? A tearful smile? ; Oh? Henry's pursuit of original ideas; Zweig is good at describing women's Fortress Besieged, which shows Qian Zhongshu's scholar-like humor and satire, which is absolutely different from other similar satirical novelists in the history of new literature.
As Hegel said, the purpose of all spiritual activities is to combine people's subjective intention with the objective laws of the ethical world and nature, that is, it is free and conscious. Therefore, the mission of art is to reconcile reality. If you can't reconcile, you will run away. According to Hegel's point of view, for modern people, there is only one way out, and that is to find refuge in the inner freedom of the subject. As an art, there should be various means to express its meaning, and different arts have different means of expression. Fortress Besieged uses excellent satirical art. In Fortress Besieged, Mr. Qian Zhongshu, through the use of various satirical techniques, makes people feel some sympathy from Fang Hung-chien and others behind the irony. Mr. Qian Zhongshu looked on coldly and cynically, fooling those vulgar intellectuals, showing their helplessness to the tragic fate, and making people realize the tragic significance hidden behind and helplessness to life in humor.
In a word, the satirical art of Fortress Besieged shows us a rich and unique new world. Behind the novel's unkindness and satire to society, there is the author's longing for life. Through the fate of Fang Hung-chien, the author analyzed the ugliness of the gloomy society at that time, and more importantly, he wanted to wake up. People who are struggling in the besieged city, break through the besieged city and embark on their own new road? . Therefore, Mr. Qian Zhongshu's unique satirical art is not only the best in Fortress Besieged, but also occupies an important position in the history of modern literature in China.
References:
Zhang Xiaojun. On the satirical artistic features of Fortress Besieged [J]. Journal of Huzhou Teachers College, 2002(s 1).
[2] Qiu Xinjiang. Comparison between Wu and Swift's Irony Art [J]. Journal of Chuzhou Teachers College, 1999( 1).
Starting with the satirical features of Cheng Wei, this paper analyzes its language features, aiming to show Mr. Qian Zhongshu's wise and knowledgeable talents and insights, as well as his sharp, pungent, humorous and exquisite language style.
Keywords: Cheng Wei; Language style; The characteristic of irony