Nanjing dialect in the history of Nanjing dialect was once the official dialect of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Today, Nanjing White Bureau has great influence in the cultural circle.
Nanjing dialect is greatly influenced by northern mandarin, and today's Nanjing dialect (mainly referring to Nanjing city) is very close to northern mandarin in phonology. Although Nanjing is located at the southern end of Jianghuai dialect area (further south to east is Wuyu area), Nanjing dialect is more acceptable than Jianghuai Mandarin in other areas. There are similarities in listening sense between Nanjing dialect and Jianghuai Mandarin. In today's downtown Nanjing, there are two kinds of Nanjing dialects, namely "old Nanjing dialect" (commonly known as "authentic Nanjing dialect") and "new Nanjing dialect" (commonly known as "Nanjing dialect"). The so-called "new" and "old" are only contemporary; Compared with the ever-changing voices of various times in the long river of history, it is meaningless.
At present, the old Nanjing dialect community, the new Nanjing dialect community and the Putonghua community coexist in the urban area of Nanjing. Mandarin is easy to communicate with the new Nanjing dialect, but it is a bit difficult to communicate with the old Nanjing dialect. The initials of the old Nanjing dialect are divided into sharp groups, while the new Nanjing dialect is influenced by Putonghua without sharp groups.
The new Nanjing dialect is often called "Nanjing dialect" because it is more famous in the old city than the old Nanjing dialect. Nanjing dialect belongs to the Jianghuai dialect in the southern and eastern mandarin of China, and its important feature is to retain the entering tone. There are five tones in Nanjing Mandarin, namely, even tone, rising tone, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. However, the entering vowels -p, -t and -k disappear, while the ancient nasal vowels -m, -n and -ng combine with the vowel (for example, "an" is pronounced as&; Atilde), some people say -ng. Except for entering tone, its tone system is very close to that of Beijing dialect. There are great differences between Nanjing Vernacular and New Nanjing Dialect, mainly in the following aspects:
1, the old Nanjing dialect has a sharp group, but today Nanjing people under 60 can't tell it apart. For example, "Jiang", "Jiang", "Qian" and "Qian" in the old Nanjing dialect are all different sounds, and now they are all homophones.
2. The old Hua Er Yin is rich, but the new Hua Er Yin is disappearing, which may be influenced by Jiangpu dialect, Liuhe dialect and Nanjing dialect in the suburbs of Yangzhou, Zhenjiang and Wuhu (these dialects have no Hua Er).
3. There are differences in the old sCHool's tongue curl, ch and SH R, such as "Zhang" and "dirty", "bamboo" and "feet". However, the tongue of the new school is only before me and E now. For example, "late" and "word" can be distinguished, but "Zhang" and "dirty" can't.
4. The old school of An and Ang can't be distinguished, such as "Guan = Guang", while the new school is influenced by Putonghua and can be distinguished.
5. Today, the unstressed vowels of E are pronounced in Mandarin, and all of them are pronounced as E, and the old school reads [E] or [EI]; In Putonghua, the old school reads [o] when reading E fruit, while the new school reads [o] and [γ] at will. Dialects in Nanjing urban area can show different differences between southeast and northwest. Sometimes two Nanjing people talk to each other and feel that the other person is not a pure Nanjing person. Xiaguan dialect in the north of the city is a little different from that in the urban area, and the difference outside Zhonghua Gate is more obvious. Jiangning suburban dialect is different from Nanjing urban dialect, so Jiangning people are often called "soil" by Nanjing people. Similarly, Liuhe and Jiangpu in Jiangbei are different from the urban areas, but they are closer to Nanjing dialect in southern Chuzhou. Jiangpu dialect "qu" is said to be kei, while Nanjing dialect is pronounced Qu directly in Putonghua. Sometimes the same word has different pronunciations in different places in Nanjing.
Nowadays, most young people in Nanjing can't speak pure Nanjing dialect, and even Nanjing people themselves admit that they are "Nanpu". Jiangning, Jiangpu and other places still retain more authentic dialects, but because Nanjing is the political and cultural center, suburban people will change to "Nanpu" with a taste of Putonghua when they arrive in Nanjing, or speak Putonghua directly. If it is not protected, this authentic Nanjing dialect will never be heard again before long. There are some typical rap songs in Nanjing dialect, such as Drink Wonton, Crowd Bus and Hello Chen Shui-bian. Although Nanjing dialect is now divided into Jianghuai Mandarin, there are still many differences with Jianghuai Mandarin.
The differences between Nanjing dialect and the surrounding Jianghuai Mandarin are mainly manifested in the following aspects.
1, the first and second photos of Xianshan in Nanjing dialect are merged into a rhyme "a~", just like Mandarin. But the surrounding Jianghuai Mandarin can still be distinguished. For example, in Mandarin and Nanjing dialect, "ban" equals "ban" and "Guan" equals "official". But they have different rhymes in Yangzhou dialect and Huai 'an dialect.
2. Nanjing dialect is divided into sharp schools, and Yangzhou dialect and Huai' an dialect are not divided into sharp schools.
3. There is no distinction between security and dignity in Nanjing dialect and none in Yangzhou dialect.
4. Nanjing dialect has a high vowel tone, and there are no dialects nearby.