However, the parents of most of our rural children are not well educated and busy with their livelihood, so they have little time to guide students to preview and review at home. Students' awareness of autonomous learning is not strong, they don't have much time to study independently at home, they can't read extracurricular books, and they can't effectively acquire extracurricular knowledge to expand their knowledge structure and knowledge, let alone develop their abilities in all aspects. At the same time, there is a phenomenon that students are in a passive state as cognitive subjects in the teaching process, which makes it difficult to cultivate students' good learning psychological quality. We should change this situation, implement the new curriculum more comprehensively and better in schools, further change teachers' education and teaching concepts, form new teaching guidance behaviors, and achieve a substantial improvement in teaching quality. "Lifelong learning" is an inevitable trend of social development. People pay more and more attention to teaching children the knowledge and skills they enjoy for life, so as to lay a good foundation for their lifelong development. Focusing on students' lifelong learning and development, students must actively participate in learning activities and master learning methods and skills in the process of active participation. Our rural children are more faced with: parents are working outside the home, and no one is in charge; Parents' culture is not high and they can't coach; Coupled with the influence of "reading is useless", most students are passive and even tired of learning. Facing this series of problems, it is imperative to cultivate rural students' autonomous learning. Then, how to promote students' autonomous learning and cultivate students' learning ability in primary school Chinese classroom teaching, this paper talks about my personal views.
First of all, create a scene to let students sprout their desire for autonomous learning.
From the psychological point of view, children are curious and good at imitation, and often have a strong interest in learning a new language. On the other hand, children's attention is easily distracted, and only interested people can concentrate and continue. Therefore, a successful teacher must consciously cultivate students' lasting interest in learning, motivate students to maintain a good learning state, and make students happy, good and able to learn.
Children in rural areas have less social activities, relatively closed life horizons and relatively introverted and shy personalities. Teachers should open every student's heart with equal respect and sincere love, reflect the needs of rural students by being close to rural life, and open the door of students' knowledge from their world. Make students have a relaxed, harmonious and democratic learning atmosphere. Close teacher-student relationship can give children a kind of spring rain-like edification, encourage students to take learning as their master, consciously participate in the whole process of learning, participate in the whole process of knowledge acquisition, and advocate since the enlightenment's self-adaptive independent learning.
Second, teach people to fish and tap students' potential.
There is an old saying: "It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish!" Therefore, in the usual teaching, teachers should pay attention to infiltrating and guiding students' learning methods, guiding students to study actively, and paying attention to cultivating students' independence and autonomy, instead of being led by teachers. Independent thinking is an important feature of autonomous learning. To cultivate students' autonomous learning, teachers should be good at guiding students to think independently and tapping their potential abilities. Teachers should provide enough opportunities, give students more freedom and initiative in learning, let students learn the learning content independently under certain guidance, and strive to put forward, analyze and solve problems independently. The knowledge that teachers impart in class is limited. Only by giving students acceptable learning methods and forming learning skills through training can students adapt to the needs of the times and benefit for life. Students should actively participate and explore. This requires teachers to work hard to promote students' autonomous learning and exploration, so that students can understand and discover in autonomous learning, and cooperate, communicate, analyze and discuss on the basis of autonomous learning; Master the method of autonomous learning under the careful infiltration and guidance of teachers.
(A) to ensure the time and space for students to study independently
Teaching is the unity of teachers' teaching and students' learning, and a harmonious, democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students should be established through interaction. Stimulate their interest in autonomous learning and cooperative inquiry, so as to cultivate their innovative ability. In teaching, only by making students feel "harmony and freedom" can we consolidate and improve students' interest and enthusiasm in autonomous learning. Therefore, teachers should give students psychological and learning freedom as much as possible, give students the freedom to ask and answer questions, give students the freedom to control their study time, and give students the freedom to choose their study partners. Let students fully enjoy the freedom of study, which will help students adjust their good psychological state, enhance their self-confidence in learning and create a positive and good atmosphere. In learning, only when students fully participate wholeheartedly can real autonomous learning be realized. Therefore, teachers should provide as many opportunities as possible, create as many opportunities as possible, let students participate in the whole process of learning from beginning to end, let every student fully participate, and let students participate in all aspects. In particular, he is good at discovering the learning strengths of junior and middle school students, giving them as many opportunities as possible to show their abilities, so that they can enjoy the joy of participating in success and enhance their confidence in learning Chinese well. Teachers should also pay attention to listening to students' opinions in teaching, encourage students to dare to speak, love to speak, and even put forward ideas different from teachers. When students enter a free and emotional learning state, they will constantly surpass their original cognitive experience, wisdom level and imagination ability, understand content, experience and taste emotions independently, form a positive creative spirit, and promote the development of their sense of language, imagination and thinking. So as to truly achieve the blending of understanding and sentiment, and the blending of humanity and instrumentality. Facing the students with strong thirst for knowledge, teachers should design all kinds of learning activities with the flavor of the times to stimulate students' interest in learning and develop their healthy and lively personality. For example, after learning the lesson "Summer Palace", let them combine their existing knowledge, experience and textbook knowledge to draw a schematic diagram and act as tour guides. Students are full of interest, some routes are combined with drawing, and some are accompanied by scenic spots on the road map. Coupled with students' vivid guidance, through such an emotional and interesting teaching form, students' creativity can be fully exerted and their personality can be fully publicized.
(B) Teaching learning methods, and initially cultivating students' autonomous learning ability.
Rural children have little knowledge, basically no parental guidance, and don't know how to learn. Therefore, it is very necessary for teachers to teach students learning methods in teaching. For example, when I teach the Golden Hook, what kind of text do I grasp first? How to study? Secondly, teachers and students set learning goals together. Finally, students learn and communicate according to their own learning goals. According to the "self-reading tips", students should focus on self-learning, based on the method of "reading-oriented, reading and understanding" to complete the learning task of this lesson, so that students can learn and think in self-reading and cultivate the habit of thinking and commenting while reading; Understand the content, experience the feelings and enhance the sense of language in reading. Students use their brains, hands and mouths under the guidance of teachers. Get knowledge through your own labor, master reading methods and improve your reading ability. In this way, the students summed up the learning methods of skimming the text. Einstein once said that it is often more important to ask a problem than to solve it. The process of asking questions is a process of positive thinking, a process of asking questions and finding problems. Questioning can make students change their passive position in learning, make them active, stimulate their desire to explore new knowledge, stimulate creative thinking and develop students' autonomous learning ability in an all-round way with high efficiency. In teaching, teachers should be good at using various questioning methods according to the characteristics of teaching materials, strive to create problem situations, eliminate psychological obstacles for students to ask questions, provide questioning opportunities, and teach questioning methods so that students can have laws to follow. In this method, group cooperative learning plays an important role. After students master the learning methods, they set up village study groups and ask them to preview and review together in their own way. Let the students learn from each other, help each other, spur each other, and help students with limited knowledge and work and family to study better.
(C) to carry out learning activities to stimulate students' interest in learning.
Einstein, a famous scientist, said: Interest is the best teacher. Interest is an emotion, which can encourage students to think and explore actively, so as to put forward questions or new ideas. Stimulating students' interest aims at providing a good emotional background for the classroom, arousing students' interest, attracting students' attention and creating a relaxed and harmonious learning atmosphere. Students are bound to encounter problems in the process of learning. Thinking from problems, asking questions from thinking and solving problems are the key to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability. In the process of classroom teaching, teachers should carefully design and be good at creating various problem scenarios, gradually lead students' thinking to deeper problems, inspire students to think, discuss and debate, thus forming correct concepts, which is conducive to students' mastery and application of knowledge. Pupils have the characteristics of being competitive, and they are often in a nervous and excited state of mind when competing, and can effectively transmit and absorb knowledge. Discuss the problem in groups and have a competition. Students in the classroom ask all kinds of questions and learn by answering them quickly. Give students encouragement and confidence. It is students' nature to love acting. They always hope that the teacher will give them the opportunity to perform, so that they can fully display themselves and display their talents. Teachers can choose the texts with strong stories and interesting plots in the textbooks, so that students can "act as small actors and perform in person"; 3. (Interview) Let the students be a reporter and interview the students who act as characters in the text. For example, after teaching Chu, arrange a small reporter activity. Choose a classmate to play the reporter and ask questions to the classmates who play "Yan Zi", "King of Chu" and "Minister". Students who are journalists can only ask profound questions if they have a deeper understanding of the text; Only when students are familiar with the characters in the text can they speak fluently and philosophically. This kind of activity is carried out after the text is taught, which helps to consolidate the learning income and is liked by students.
There are many kinds of activities, but don't stick to one mode, and choose which one should be targeted; The principle of activity should emphasize openness, subjectivity and challenge; The goal of the activity should be to cultivate students' abilities, such as autonomous learning, acquiring knowledge and information, and creatively solving problems. The more classroom teaching activities, the better, because it is like an engine to promote students' autonomous learning.
Third, persevere and cultivate students' conscious study habits.
Cultivating education is by no means an overnight achievement, and we must persist in cultivating study habits. Take a combination of in-class and extracurricular activities. My requirement for students in class is "keeping your word". Usually, the famous saying that I encourage students to speak enthusiastically is "As long as you raise your hand, you are a good student, and as long as you answer questions, you are making progress". And pay attention to capture the creative spark of students, record and give enthusiastic encouragement, and expect it to burn into a raging fire. After class, I often go to the study group in the village to help them study and teach them how to learn. For example, every homework requires students to check each other. In the draft composition, students should first correct and evaluate each other, find out their own omissions, and form the habit of writing homework carefully. Students are required to circle, point, draw and pick without moving their pen and ink. Everyone takes notes and circulates them every week. Constantly accumulate new knowledge and solve new problems in time. The power of habit is a kind of natural power. The cultivation of Chinese autonomous learning habits needs the continuous training of Chinese teachers. Chinese class gives students enough time to study independently, so that students can constantly improve their abilities of "self-guidance, self-motivation and self-control" in learning practice and gradually realize automation.
Fourth, positively evaluate the strategies to enhance children's self-confidence.
Primary school students have a strong desire to express themselves, and they like to be praised by others. Teachers' praise can actively promote their study. Use flexible praise to affirm students, and they will continue to work hard for it. Incentive evaluation can help students, encourage them and give them confidence. In the evaluation, we should not only pay attention to the results, but also to the process and development, not only to the level, but also to the students' emotional attitude. The teacher's comments are "very insightful", "you are very willing to use your head", "accurate analysis" and "really read hard" These encouraging evaluations create a teaching atmosphere and make students feel psychologically safe. But the motherly care of teachers can inspire students to study with confidence. Usually, in my teaching, I always pay attention to the most active students and progressive students in the class, and often give positive encouragement. Especially the students who are a little naughty, their rebellious mentality is very strong, but they need the care of maternal love from the heart. Therefore, whenever these students show even a little progress, I will lean against them, pat them on the shoulder or give them a positive look to encourage them, so that they are full of confidence in their studies and encourage them to actively participate in teaching activities. Teachers' trust and expectation of students is conducive to stimulating students' positive internal motivation. Teachers' timely affirmation, moderate encouragement and positive evaluation in teaching can effectively maintain students' enthusiasm for participation and is a catalyst to promote students' continuous progress. Teachers should evaluate at the right time, find the bright spots of students' thinking in time, and give positive and enthusiastic affirmation in time, which will help students enhance their confidence and improve their enthusiasm for learning Chinese well. At the same time, students at different levels should have different evaluation requirements, so that each student can keep moving forward on his own runway. Teachers' evaluation should focus on affirmation and encouragement, and at the same time pay attention to the combination of evaluation and guidance to protect students' self-esteem and self-confidence and develop students' autonomous learning ability. The language of evaluation should be rich and varied, and body language such as smiling and nodding can be used appropriately to express the expectation and appreciation of students. In addition, the evaluator can also be a student, so that students can participate in the evaluation of themselves and their peers, so that students can feel the ease and freedom of the teaching atmosphere, experience the fun of learning success, and enhance the enthusiasm of autonomous learning.
In short, teachers teach in order not to teach. Autonomous learning is a direction of the new curriculum teaching reform and a true embodiment of the new curriculum standards really entering the classroom. Our rural teachers can only attract students and let them learn actively by making the classroom full of fun. Only under the subtle guidance of teachers, can our rural students enlighten questions and internalize knowledge in cooperation and exchange, promote their independent learning, and make them eager to learn and good at learning; If there are more wonderful activities in our classroom, students' autonomous learning may be more energetic and their learning ability may be improved a hundred times.