Translation is a language activity that accurately and completely expresses the thinking content expressed in another language in one language, and it is an equivalent exchange of words in different languages through human brain thinking. The process of translation is the process of accurately understanding the original text and completely reproducing it in another language, that is, the process of understanding and expressing. Therefore, whether it is English-Chinese translation or Chinese-English translation, translators often apply the grammatical habits of one language to another, and Europeanized English-Chinese translation or Chinglish-Chinese translation often occurs in the process of translation. Therefore, we should first understand the dialectical relationship between various factors in translation, and then we can discuss the teaching methods of translation.
Firstly, the dialectical relationship between some factors in translation.
The relationship between "loyalty" and "fluency"
The so-called loyalty, first of all, refers to loyalty to the original content. The translator must express the content of the original text completely and accurately, without any tampering, distortion, omission or arbitrary addition or deletion [1]. Secondly, loyalty is to maintain the original style-that is, the original style of the times, style, national style and the author's personal language style. Translators should not arbitrarily destroy and change the style of the original, let alone replace the original with their own style, but try their best to restore its true colors. Mr. Lu Xun once emphasized: "Translation must maintain the charm of the original."
The so-called fluency means that the translated language is fluent and easy to understand and conforms to the language norms [2]. The translation must be an easy-to-understand modern language, without the phenomenon of dead translation and word-for-word hard translation, without the phenomenon of unclear literature and art, and faithfulness and fluency complement each other. Loyalty is not smooth, readers can't understand it, so there is no loyalty; Fluency is disloyal. Without the content and style of the original, fluency will lose its function, making the translation into compilation, fabrication or random translation. To be faithful and fluent, the translator must first have a thorough understanding of the original text, and then accurately express what he understands in another language. Although thorough understanding and accurate expression are not easy to achieve, faithful and fluent translation standards are our ideal and direction.
(B) "Literal translation" and "free translation" relationship
The so-called literal translation means that the content and form of the original text are preserved in the translation, especially the metaphor, image color, national color and local color of the original text [3]. But literal translation is neither dead translation nor hard translation. Literal translation obviously has its merits under the condition that it can accurately express the ideological content of the original text and does not violate the language norms of the translated text.
The so-called free translation is because each national language has its own vocabulary, syntactic structure and expression. When the ideological content of the original text conflicts with the expression of the translation, it should be adopted. Of course, free translation is not arbitrary translation. Free translation requires that the translation can correctly express the content of the original text, but it is not limited to the form of the original text.
For many years, there has been a debate about literal translation and free translation in China. In fact, literal translation and free translation can only be used under certain conditions. Both methods have their limitations. If they go beyond the limit, literal translation will become confusing or difficult to translate. Free translation will become random translation or random translation, and it is impossible to produce perfect works. Therefore, translation must adopt different means, either free translation or literal translation, tailored and flexible. The ultimate goal of literal translation and free translation is to express the ideological content and style of the original text, and to achieve the same goal through different routes, which are not mutually exclusive and contradictory. Translators must be good at combining the two, walking on two legs and being indispensable [4]. When talking about translation, Lu Xun once mentioned domestication and foreignization, which are actually free translation and literal translation. He said: "In fact, there will be no fully naturalized translation in the world", which means that free translation must be combined with literal translation. Good translation always has both literal translation and free translation.
Of course, to do a good job in translation, we should not only deal with the relationship between the above factors, but also improve our own language level and professional knowledge in all aspects, practice constantly, be brave in exploration, and be both targeted and practical, and pay attention to theory and systematicness. Only in this way can we gain something and innovate.
Second, the discussion of translation teaching
The main task of translation teaching is to systematically introduce some basic translation theory knowledge and basic laws, so that students can sum up experience through continuous translation practice and master translation theory knowledge and basic laws; Then use the knowledge and laws of translation theory to guide the following translation practice, and accumulate relevant knowledge and experience over and over again, and gradually improve translation ability and proficiency [5]. For many years, translation teachers have been discussing such a problem: how to make students master basic translation theories and skills in the short-term study in universities and make their translation ability reach the standards stipulated in the syllabus.
(A) the use of discussion method
Discussion teaching method is an effective teaching method, which can fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and greatly stimulate students' interest in learning. Discussions can be held between teachers and students, or between students. How to translate a word, a phrase, a sentence, a business letter, often after careful discussion and heated debate, can reach a unified understanding and satisfactory translation methods.
In the discussion between teachers and students, teachers can put forward some difficult sentences for students to try to translate. Students can think positively, express their opinions freely and put forward different translation methods according to their translation skills and theoretical knowledge. Teachers can sometimes give some hints or consciously put forward some nonstandard translations for students to analyze, identify and compare. Only by making such a comparison can students gradually reduce mistranslation in translation practice and continuously improve their translation ability.
In the discussion among the students, the teacher divided the class into several groups. Every student has a competitive and aggressive attitude, and each group comes up with a better translation than other groups (continued on page 293) (continued on page 29 1). So in the group discussion, everyone will speak first, and everyone can make suggestions. When there is an argument between groups, teachers can seize the favorable opportunity to give guidance, affirm the good translation methods put forward by students, and explain mistranslation or mistranslation in combination with translation theory. Only in this way can students combine translation theory with practice better and faster, which can not only consolidate translation theory knowledge, but also improve translation ability and skills.
(B) to strengthen translation practice
Because the translation course is very practical, it takes a lot of time and a lot of translation exercises. Therefore, in addition to the normal explanation of theories and skills, teachers should spend more time guiding students in translation practice and practice.
Class hours should account for more than half of the total class hours. Dialectical relationship between several factors and translation teaching. First of all, classroom translation practice is the most important part. The main difficulty for beginners of translation is that they can't correctly analyze some complicated grammatical phenomena in sentences. Therefore, in classroom practice, grammatical analysis should be properly used to compare the grammatical structures of English and Chinese, so as to find out the differences between the two languages. Special attention should be paid to the special expressions or structural features in English language structure, such as the change of verb tense, the advantages of nouns and prepositions, and the emphasis on structure. Through comparative analysis, students can not only consolidate their grammar knowledge, but also understand the characteristics of the two languages theoretically, so as to get twice the result with half the effort, thus consciously maintaining the style and characteristics of the original text in translation. Secondly, social practice is also necessary. On the one hand, seize every opportunity to let students participate in translation practice, such as the translation of various sports events, the reception of large-scale exhibitions, and the translation of foreign exchanges. On the other hand, organize students to participate in translation research activities, and conduct on-the-spot investigation, analysis and research on the translation of public signs, business cards, company introductions, product descriptions, exhibition copywriting, commercial advertisements, business letters, business contracts, catering recipes, etc. In a group, we can not only broaden our horizons, but also provide materials for graduation design. These in-class and out-of-class field translations not only consolidate the knowledge and skills learned in the classroom, but also provide students with real translation content, which makes students get real training and is a catalyst for improving translation skills [6].
(C) the use of positive and negative translation examples
The examples provided by translation courses used by English majors in colleges and universities generally explain translation theories and skills through positive translation, that is, correct translation. This will undoubtedly help students master basic translation theories and skills. If teachers often use some negative translation examples in a planned and purposeful way, that is, ill sentences or mistranslated sentences, students will benefit more. Therefore, it is positive to use some negative translation examples in translation teaching.
Practice has proved that if teachers are good at using negative translation examples in teaching, students will form a good habit of delving into the deep meaning of the original text and help to form a rigorous learning atmosphere.
(D) timely classroom comments
Classroom comments on students' translation assignments are an important part of translation teaching. Students only practice without commenting, or pay no attention to commenting, and their progress is not fast. Classroom criticism is a process of sublimating translation practice into theoretical learning. Under the guidance of theory, students will have a deeper understanding and experience of translation practice. Only through practical study, gradually improve the translation theory, and then use this theory to guide practice, can we gradually accumulate relevant knowledge and experience, gradually improve translation ability and form skilled skills.
The methods of classroom evaluation are flexible and diverse. In this way, on the one hand, let students understand the problem clearly; On the other hand, through the teacher's comments, students are more impressed and better remembered, which helps to avoid the same problems. Teachers should let students participate in the evaluation, give full play to their intelligence and encourage them to express their views boldly, thus embodying the student-centered teaching method. Students' opinions can not only inspire teachers, but also enliven the classroom atmosphere, so that teaching can learn from each other and teachers and students can make progress together.
In short, teachers are the decisive factor for the success of translation teaching [6]. Teaching quality depends on teachers' teaching methods. Therefore, in translation teaching, we must attach importance to the improvement of the overall quality of translation teachers, strengthen the discussion and research of teaching methods, constantly improve teaching methods and effectively improve teaching quality.
Three. conclusion
Translation course is a practical course. Learning translation should be devoted to solving practical problems. Students should diversify their translation in their daily study and practice, and learn to choose, choose and innovate.
;