The first champion in the history of China was Sun, the champion of martial arts in the Tang Dynasty (622). The last number one scholar was Liu Chunlin, the number one scholar in the 30th year of Guangxu reign (1904), and there were 504 number one scholars in the past 300 years (including Liao Dynasty 18, Jin Dynasty 15, Daxiguo (Zhang) 1, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom/kloc). The earliest extant Jinshi Volume in China is Zhao's "Jinshi Volume" in Ming Dynasty.
Many outstanding politicians and writers in the history of China are scholars, but most of them are not top scholars. Theoretically, the top student in the senior high school entrance examination should be the top student in the palace examination, but in many cases this is not the case. After the Song Dynasty, the power of the grade entrance examination was in the hands of the emperor. But who is the top scholar is not necessarily determined by the content of the candidates' answers. Historically, the ranking of candidates often changes due to factors such as looks, real names and places of origin. Emperors in the Qing Dynasty were more accustomed to judging the calligraphy quality of examination papers, but the content of countermeasures took second place. (See Selecting People by Name)
Influenced by legends and novels, people usually think that as long as they are admitted to the top scholar, they will marry the princess and become husbands. In fact, there is only one person who is both a scholar and a husband, and that is Zheng Hao, the scholar of Huichang in the Tang Dynasty.
Nowadays, Chinese mainland will call the students who get the first place in liberal arts or science in this province as the champion of the college entrance examination. In Hong Kong, if HKCEE has nine excellent subjects or ten excellent subjects, it is also called "Nine Excellent Champion" or "Ten Excellent Champion". In Taiwan Province Province, it will also be called the number one in the civil service advanced examination, general examination or university-designated subject examination, subject ability test, unified entrance examination for four skills and two specialties, and junior high school basic examination.
Doctor is the highest degree awarded by educational institutions. For example, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Science (DSc/ScD), Doctor of Literature (DLitt) and Doctor of Education (EdD) of a certain department. In daily life, only a doctor's degree will be specially called Dr. XXX with his surname. Doctor of English is a doctor like a doctor.
The origin of the word "doctor" in Chinese
In ancient China, it was an official name specializing in a certain discipline or teaching Confucian classics. There were philosophers, poets and other doctors in the Qin dynasty, and doctors in the Five Classics in the Han dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there were Dr. imperial academy, Dr. imperial academy and Doctor of Law, all of whom were professors. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, this official position still existed, but it was slightly different. Song Lian's Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang in Ming Dynasty said: "There is a teacher and a doctor as a teacher."
In ancient China, people were knowledgeable and knowledgeable. In ancient China, people with certain skills or occupations were regarded as masters of later generations. For example, Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty was called Dr. Tea, and later he was called Dr. Tea to the guy who sold tea. The wine peddler is a doctor of wine, and the grinder is a doctor of grinding. Huang Province in the Ming Dynasty once wrote in Wu: Up to now, anyone who calls vertebral oil noodles is a doctor.
Name difference
Doctorates of Oxford University, York University, Sussex University and St Andrew's University in Scotland and some European regions are referred to as "DPhil" for short, instead of "PhD" commonly used in North America and Commonwealth countries.