With the acceleration of global economic integration and the rapid development of high technology, the new economy represented by e-commerce has gradually developed into a brand-new mode of operation and business model, which has become an important driving force for economic growth and triggered the most extensive and profound changes in the economic field since the industrial revolution. With the popularization and application of information technology and the development of e-commerce, while realizing the rapid transformation from traditional logistics to modern logistics, the logistics industry has also been promoted to an unprecedented height, increasingly showing its important role and strategic position in social and economic development.
Logistics process is the main link of purchasing, manufacturing and circulation of enterprises, the "third profit source" of social and enterprise development, and it is also considered as the last means for enterprises to reduce costs in 2 1 century. With the support of information technology, modern logistics in developed countries has become an important pillar industry of national economic development, an important source of improving economic benefits, a key driving force for industrial upgrading and enterprise restructuring, and one of the key factors supporting regional innovation and economic development. Modern logistics will greatly change the current business and production mode, and eventually become the basic component of social economy as a whole system. At present, it is generally believed that the developed degree and level of logistics industry is one of the important symbols of a country's modernization and comprehensive national strength, and modern logistics has become the most universally influential economic base and "sunrise industry" in developed countries.
The main trend of modern logistics development
In developed countries, modern logistics has developed very rapidly. The United States and Japan have always been at the forefront of logistics development, while modern logistics in Europe started a little late, but recently it has also been greatly developed with the attention of government departments and enterprises.
American economic model has the flexibility to organically integrate new technologies in the field of information and communication into society, so it can take the lead in realizing a high degree of logistics informationization and integration in the world. The production and circulation rate in the United States is very high, which makes the profits and investment income of enterprises increase continuously, thus inducing new R&D investment, further improving labor productivity and forming a virtuous circle. 200 1 Tan Li, an American expert, calculated the management savings brought by the information revolution in the logistics field to the American economy, such as reducing transaction, transportation costs and inventory. For example, in manufacturing, the cost is reduced to 1% ~ 2%. France, which has the same degree of informatization as China, has made remarkable achievements by vigorously developing modern logistics application software technology and pursuing a high starting point of informatization construction. French KN Company conducts logistics business in 98 countries and 600 cities around the world. Without its own ships, cars and planes, the company integrates the global logistics resources through the whole-process logistics information system designed and developed by itself, making the air transport business the fifth in the world, with a weekly traffic volume of 6,543,800+0.9 million, and the maritime transport business the first in the world.
Angus Maddison, an economic historian, pointed out through the analysis of the world economy in the past 1000 years that most of the development achievements of the global economy in the past 500 years were brought about by the reduction of communication and transportation costs, and economic liberalization and declining transportation and communication costs will continue to promote economic integration. From this perspective, modern logistics, which combines information technology and transportation, will continue to have a positive and far-reaching impact on the operation of the world economy.
Under the double promotion of economic globalization and e-commerce, the logistics industry is rapidly transforming from traditional logistics to modern logistics, which has become the inevitable trend of the current logistics industry development. Under the guidance of system engineering, taking information technology as the core, strengthening resource integration and optimizing the whole process of logistics are the most essential characteristics of modern logistics. Internationally, the integration and application of information technology and standardized systems have had a revolutionary impact on the integration and optimization of logistics. The theory and method of network planning and optimization, the application of key technologies of automation and intelligence, and the application of new packaging materials and technologies have also played an obvious role in promoting modern logistics, greatly reducing the logistics cost, and constantly innovating with the support of new technology platforms.
In the competition that major logistics service providers are striving for technological leadership, the development of modern logistics technology generally presents four main directions, namely, automation of logistics technology and equipment, informationization of logistics operation management, intelligence of logistics operation process and integration of various technologies and software and hardware platforms. Relatively speaking, the informationization and integration of modern logistics have developed rapidly and are more popular in the horizontal field. In the vertical field, the development direction of modern logistics informatization is integration and intelligence.
Problems in the Development of Modern Logistics in China
In recent years, the logistics industry in China has developed very rapidly. Taking 2003 as an example, according to the statistical analysis of China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing and China Logistics Information Center, the economic indicators of logistics industry in China increased rapidly in 2003.
1. The total value of social logistics in China was 29,543.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 26.9% (calculated at current prices). The rapid growth of the total value of logistics shows that the demand for logistics is increasing in economic growth, and the dependence of economic development on logistics is also increasing.
2. The total cost of social logistics was 2,497.4 billion yuan, up by 13.6% year-on-year, which was lower than the growth rate of the national total social logistics value of 26.9% in the same period 13.3 percentage points, indicating that the total benefits of social logistics are improving due to the improvement of logistics operation conditions.
3. The added value of the logistics industry rose steadily, reaching 788 billion, up 10.5% year-on-year. The added value of the logistics industry accounted for 6.8% of the GDP in the same period and 20.7% of the added value of the tertiary industry. From the perspective of the growth of the logistics industry, distribution, distribution processing, packaging, etc. The fastest development shows that logistics value-added services are accelerating.
4. China's enterprise informatization construction has achieved remarkable results, and enterprise informatization is becoming the driving force for enterprises to enhance their vitality and competitiveness. Information decision-making is mainly concentrated at the top of the enterprise, especially at the management level of more than 70% enterprises. It shows that China's enterprise informatization construction has developed from simple application to complex application, from tactical level to strategic level, from management-driven development to market-driven, from technology-driven development to change-driven.
However, the overall level of logistics in China is not high, and the lack of informatization has become the biggest constraint factor for the further development of modern logistics in China. At present, the development of China's logistics industry is in its infancy, and the overall scale of the industry is still relatively small. According to the estimation of international research institutions, the size of the third-party logistics market in the United States is about 25% of the total cost of social logistics, 30% in Europe, less than 5% in Asia as a whole, and only about 2% in China. The existing logistics service mode in China is still self-operated, lacking corresponding key technologies and information support. China's third-party logistics model accounts for a small proportion, and its level and scale are not satisfactory. Few enterprises can provide complete solutions of modern logistics in the true sense, while the service mode of the fourth party logistics is still in the stage of theoretical research and discussion. According to the survey of more than 200 logistics service enterprises by China Material Storage and Transportation Association, the comprehensive whole-course logistics service provided by the third-party logistics service enterprises in China is less than 5% of the total demand. This is an important factor that restricts the development of logistics socialization service in China.
The proportion of logistics cost to GDP in China is still high. According to the calculation, the proportion of total social logistics cost in GDP in China was 24% in 199 1 year, and it dropped to 2 1.5% in 2002 and around 2 1% in 2003, indicating that China's economic operation is still in the transition from extensive operation to intensive operation.
The overall level of informatization of logistics enterprises in China is low, and the application and popularization of modern information technology in the logistics field is not high, and the development is unbalanced, which is far from meeting the needs of modern logistics services. The Investigation Report of China Logistics Enterprise Information System released by China Warehouse Association in April, 20001year shows that 6 1% logistics enterprises in China have no information system support at all, while among 39% enterprises with information system support, the information system function of most enterprises is not perfect, only 38% enterprises have warehouse operation management and 3 1% enterprises have warehouse operation management. The backwardness of modern logistics information technology has become an urgent problem for China's logistics enterprises.
At the same time, China's logistics informatization urgently needs the support of relevant environment. Due to the influence of logistics management system, there are some problems in China's logistics industry, such as conflicting standards, low standardization, limited application scope of standardization and insufficient implementation. At the same time, China's legislation in the field of logistics is not strong enough, lacking supporting laws and regulations, and the management systems and methods of various regions and industries are not operable and conflict with each other. The construction of logistics service system is backward, and there is a lack of authoritative institutions with macro-guidance ability and technical exchange in the field of logistics technology. The environment of logistics development in China lags far behind the requirements of logistics development situation.
It is estimated that if there are standards and laws and regulations for reference, the development cost of information systems of enterprises in China can be reduced by 80% and the connection cost of various systems can be reduced by at least half, thus avoiding a large number of low-level repeated development and construction costs and reducing the risk of enterprise informatization.
The application and popularization of information technology is the key.
From the development of foreign countries, the integration of supply chain and logistics has basically gone through several stages, such as basic business execution, data collection/internal visualization, data connection, supply chain visualization, complex supply chain management decision support and so on. The higher the system complexity of the integration of supply chain and logistics, the greater the benefits it will bring to enterprises. According to the investigation and analysis of many authoritative organizations, the integrated development of supply chain and logistics in China enterprises is still between business execution and data collection/internal visualization, and the efficiency of integrated management of supply chain and logistics has not been fully exerted.
The development of modern logistics informatization in China is to promote the horizontal and vertical integration of logistics activities, improve the level of solutions for specific industries and regions, and realize the overall improvement of modern logistics operation quality.
Accelerate the construction of the standard system.
Logistics information system needs to connect all partners and links in the supply chain into a whole, which requires standardization in coding, file format, data interface, EDI, GPS and other related codes, and logistics software needs to integrate industry standards in format and process, thus eliminating information communication obstacles between different enterprises and creating a good environment for the construction of enterprise logistics information system.
Promote the construction of logistics public information platform.
The horizontal integration of logistics integration development is finally implemented on the logistics public information platform. By collecting logistics-related information in various regions, we can provide basic logistics information for information systems such as production, sales and logistics enterprises, meet the needs of enterprise information systems for logistics public information, and support the realization of various functions of enterprise information systems; At the same time, through * * * sharing logistics information, support government departments to establish a collaborative working mechanism in industry management and market regulation management.
The most important function of logistics public information platform is to integrate the information resources of various logistics information systems in the region, complete data exchange between systems, realize information sharing, strengthen cooperation between logistics enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises, and form and optimize the supply chain. This is conducive to improving the utilization rate of a large number of idle logistics resources in society, and plays an important role in allocating social logistics resources, optimizing social supply chain and rationalizing economic chain. The construction of logistics information platform is conducive to the docking with B2B or B2C systems of e-commerce. A good logistics information platform is a unified platform that is highly integrated with e-commerce system. At the same time, as a public service platform connecting government, industry and enterprises, logistics public information platform is an important part of the development of modern service industry in China, which can greatly improve the cooperation level of government, industry and enterprises, improve the data connectivity and supply chain visualization of enterprises, generally reduce the total cost of modern logistics society and improve the international competitiveness of China's economy.
Strengthen the integration of supply chain and logistics
The vertical integration of modern logistics needs to strengthen the construction of supply chain and logistics integration system. Emphasize the development of micro-integration, self-integration and macro-integration system of logistics.
The core problem of strengthening the integrated system of supply chain and logistics is the research and development of key technologies. Although the government, industries and enterprises have increased their investment in modern logistics information systems in recent years, from the overall effect of implementation, a common problem is that the overall cost of logistics information systems is too high because of the lack of advanced, applicable and economical basic key technologies. Therefore, we should concentrate on the research and development of key technologies of modern logistics, reduce the overall cost of wide application of key technologies, develop core technologies of modern logistics, form products with independent intellectual property rights, and strengthen the construction of information security and national security. The research and development of key technologies mainly includes the research and development of key technologies such as information collection, rapid response, management monitoring and two-way communication.
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