Scientific and technological reports describe the achievements or progress of scientific and technological research, or the results of technology development tests and evaluations; Or discuss the current situation and development of a scientific and technological problem.

The scientific and technological report is intended to be submitted to the competent scientific and technological institutions, science foundations and other organizations or persons in charge of research. Generally speaking, scientific and technological reports should provide enough information systematically or according to the working process, which can include both positive and negative results and experiences, so that relevant personnel and readers can make judgments and evaluations, and propose amendments to the conclusions and suggestions in the reports. Dissertation is an academic paper that shows that the author has made creative achievements or gained new insights in scientific research, and is written with this as the content, which is used as an evaluation when applying for the corresponding degree.

The bachelor's degree thesis should show that the author has really mastered the basic theory, professional knowledge and basic skills of the subject, and has the preliminary ability to engage in scientific research or undertake professional and technical work.

The master's thesis should be able to show that the author has mastered the solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge of the subject, has new insights into the research topic, and has the ability to independently engage in scientific research or undertake specialized technical work.

The doctoral thesis should be able to show that the author has mastered the solid and extensive basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of the subject, has the ability to engage in scientific research independently, and has made creative achievements in science or special technology. An academic paper is a scientific record of an academic topic by means of experiments, theories or observations, with new scientific research achievements or innovative ideas and knowledge; Or apply the known principles to the scientific summary of the new progress made in practice for reading, communication or discussion at academic conferences; Or published in academic journals; Or written documents for other purposes.

Academic papers should provide new scientific and technological information, and their contents should be discovery, invention, creation and progress, rather than repeating, imitating and copying the work of predecessors.