2. Argument: Being insatiable is not too similar.
One is to ask for more arguments, think that more arguments are convincing, and choose arguments without screening, regardless of whether they meet the arguments, they are all piled up in the article. Second, the old cliche lacks new ideas. Talking about diligence will lead to China's "diligence is a good training, and one point of hard work is a talent"; Talking about perseverance, you can use Edison to do experiments without fear of failure 1000 times; Explain how to conquer yourself, either choose Hong Zhanhui to dare to conquer yourself and challenge poverty, or choose Helen, a blind but tenacious person, and finally achieve something in life. These statements can't be said badly, but if they are used too much, it will inevitably give people a feeling of deja vu. Can not stimulate readers' interest in reading.
3, language problems: lack of vitality in the response of the set of boards.
The survey shows that high school students often have such a prejudice when writing: as long as the "three elements" are complete, language skills can be ignored. This is one of the reasons why many students choose to write argumentative essays. Admittedly, compared with other styles, argumentative writing is not too extravagant in literary talent, but it is by no means without stress. The argumentative essays written by high school students often show two strange circles in language: one is pseudo-mature, old-fashioned, pretentious and full of preaching; First, it is too dull, too talkative, too lifeless and lacking in vitality. This is the "fixed board reaction" in language. Practice has proved that it is difficult to get a high evaluation of argumentative essays that lack vitality and originality.
Measures to solve the "deck phenomenon" in writing
1, the argument is "novel".
The so-called "originality" means "seeing what others have never seen or done" and finding beauty in what others are used to. In order to pursue the innovation of composition and avoid mistakes, we should feel and think about life with a positive attitude, and constantly improve our ideological realm and personality cultivation. Only in this way, when we are writing a composition, can we analyze problems with a developing and changing vision and a brand-new way of thinking, and realize real innovation with novel and unique insights. For example, the rebound pipa method can reflect the novelty of the composition argument.
The so-called rebound pipa is to put forward tit-for-tat views against existing views in order to achieve the purpose of bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new. For example, a student wrote a composition entitled "Thoughts on" Dog Takes Mouse ". His basic ideas are as follows: the article wants to promote first, and points out from the owner's point of view that dogs taking mice are beyond their authority; Then the pen pointed out that the dog was wronged and the dog went to get the mouse because of the cat's dereliction of duty; Finally, I call on everyone to be wise masters and criticize the dereliction of duty of all kinds of "lazy cats" in society. This article is unusual. Starting from the sentence "Dogs take mice and mind their own business", this paper talks about the evaluation of dogs and cats, and the courage to reverse the case for dogs is commendable. It should be emphasized that playing pipa is different from "singing the opposite tune". The rebound of pipa should be based on calling for justice, supporting sublimity, despising evil and opposing vulgarity.
The originality of the argument requires the arguer to have excellent knowledge. Without knowledge, it is inevitable that he will learn from others. Where does knowledge come from? At ordinary times, we should pay attention to cultivating students into thoughtful people and let them swim in the ocean of knowledge. Reading poetry to express one's will, reading literature to realize the Tao, reading a subset of Confucian classics to understand things, reading mathematics to understand logic, and reading science to understand the overall situation ... knowledge is getting richer and richer in extensive reading, and thoughts are getting deeper and deeper in the long run. In this way, students will not follow suit; Don't talk big and become ignorant and superficial; It will not stick to the rules and stand still; I won't be arrogant, and I won't be blind and confident.
2. Arguments should be innovative and typical.
As the saying goes, a clever woman can't cook without rice. The same is true of argumentative essays. Only by mastering a large number of arguments can we choose. When using it, we should carefully choose the most typical arguments. In addition, we must constantly change the cutting angle to achieve the magical effect of "another village".
Some students simply pursue the novelty of the argument, show off their writing style, list some irrelevant arguments together, lack internal logic, and damage the expression of the central content of the article. For example, in 2007, a junior composition "Poetic Life" in Hunan Province (excerpt):
"The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang their heads from the surface of the cliff" is a definite landscape.
"The fallen leaves are like waterfalls, and I see the long river rolling in", Jiang sang a magnificent hymn.
The wind of "the stars of last night and the wind of last night, the west of the studio, and the east of Guixiangtang" is swaying the feelings of always being pitilessly annoyed. "A leaf, a sound, empty steps drop to the Ming" rain, knocking on the cold night in late autumn.
Snow predicted the arrival of spring in "like a strong wind in spring, which comes at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees".
……
Looking at these arguments separately, they are full of poetry and painting. We have to admire the author's usual accumulation. However, these beautiful materials, sometimes heroic, sometimes sad, sometimes lonely, sometimes cheerful, can not be condensed into a unified center. Readers cannot know what attitude the author chooses to "live poetically".
This kind of pure and innovative argument, which has not been screened, can be found everywhere in college entrance examination compositions. This forces us to seriously think about such a question: what does the article rely on to impress readers?
Let's take a look at a high-scoring composition (excerpt) in Talking about Emotion in Hunan Province in 2006:
"Thousands of millstones are still strong. Hot, east, west, north and south winds. " It is green bamboo that shows you its spirit, which is a kind of unyielding and tenacious throughout life;
"I don't like shells on the beach, but set sail to play in the middle of the play." It was the frolic on the waves who showed you his spirit and a kind of courage and fearlessness that flourished in his blood;
"Laugh and go out, I am Artemisia." It is the proud walker who shows you his spirit and a firm confidence in holding up life and hope.
The author grasps the characteristics (tenacity, fearlessness and self-confidence) of three images (bamboo, trendsetter and walker) and accurately interprets the connotation of "high spirit". The poetic arguments cited are just right, novel and typical, which strongly highlights the theme of the article.
Not only does prose pay attention to "scattered form and scattered spirit", but articles in various styles have a unified center. When writing a composition, you must determine a center to control the full text, and then you can organize the materials around this center. When sorting out materials, we must pay attention to the fact that the materials that can correctly express the center are good materials. For those novel and beautiful materials that can't serve the correct expression center, we should be willing to give up and not pile them up stiffly, otherwise it will be self-defeating.
3. The language should be "fresh and lively".
Language is the shell of thinking. In view of students' reaction to writing language, the author implements the following strategies: writing "daily thinking record", exercising thinking and deepening thinking. Insist on writing an article every day, and be sure to feel and think.
Thinking is the bottleneck of the rapid improvement of middle school students' writing level. Many students' compositions can be focused and perform well, but the language of the articles is insipid. At this time, we should make great efforts to train our thinking, not to guide our writing skills.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "Writing is tangible first", which means that before writing, you should have a thought form; Mr. Zhang Zhigong also said: "Students don't understand arts and sciences, mostly because they don't think clearly"; Suhomlinski even asserted: "The biggest drawback of traditional composition teaching is that language is divorced from thinking. "
Chinese teachers must clearly realize that thinking is the first element and the premise of composition. We are not opposed to writing skills, but we must be clear that writing skills are actually the externalization of thinking. For example, the level in writing is actually the "interruption" of the continuity of thinking. In the process of thinking, every link comes to an end and becomes a level, which is displayed in tandem. "Clue" is a kind of longitudinal thinking meridian of the author. As for the adjustment of words, the choice of sentence patterns and the use of rhetorical devices, thinking is indispensable.
We can draw the following conclusions: thinking training is the basis of composition teaching. Students' writing generally has the following problems: unwilling to think, unable to think. In this regard, teachers should build a platform for students to think. I usually introduce some writing thinking methods to students, but I never copy some blunt methods in writing textbooks, but introduce them to students in vivid and interesting ways. For example, I summed up several ways of thinking, such as "explaining Chinese characters", "dividing boundaries", "symmetrical conception" and "puzzle conception", which are quite convenient and interesting for students to use.
Usually let students reach a certain amount of reading and writing, then carry out solid thinking training, and finally give some technical guidance to avoid the "set-board reaction" of language, and the article will gradually come to life.