China is a country with frequent floods, water shortage and fragile water ecological environment. With the growth of population and the rapid development of economy and society, the problem of water resources, especially the contradiction between water shortage and economic and social development has been fully exposed. 1 current situation of water resources utilization in China, the average annual drought-affected area in China is about 26.67 million hectares. In normal years, irrigation areas in China lack 30 billion cubic meters of water every year, and cities lack 6 billion cubic meters of water. At the same time, there is a serious waste of water resources. The water utilization coefficient of agricultural irrigation in most countries is only 0.4, while in many countries it has reached 0.7 ~ 0.8. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial output value in China is 103m3, which is 10 ~ 20 times that of developed countries. The reuse rate of water in China is about 50%, while that in developed countries is 85%. The water pollution is serious, and the total amount of sewage discharged in China is nearly 60 billion tons, most of which are directly discharged into the waters without treatment. Among more than 700 important rivers investigated and evaluated in China, nearly 50% of the river sections and more than 90% of the cities along the river have been polluted. Water pollution not only destroys the ecological environment, but also makes the shortage of water resources more serious. In terms of population growth, the population of China will reach 65.438+0.6 billion around 2030, and the per capita water resources will decrease by 654.38+0/5, which is about 1.700 m3. From the perspective of economic growth, China's economy will still be in a period of rapid growth in the next few decades. By the middle of 2 1 century, the gross domestic product will increase by more than 10 times, the urban and industrial water consumption will increase greatly, and the wastewater discharge will also increase accordingly. From the perspective of urban development, China's urbanization rate may reach 70% in the middle of 2 1 century, and the contradiction between supply and demand of urban water resources will become more acute. Therefore, the task of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure and protecting water resources is very arduous. 2. Measures to save and protect water resources 2. 1 Establish the consciousness of cherishing water and carry out water resources warning education. For a long time, people generally think that water is an inexhaustible "cornucopia", which is wasted in use and does not know how to cherish it consciously. In fact, the water resources on the earth are not inexhaustible. In particular, China's per capita water resources are not rich, with uneven regional distribution, unpredictable changes within the year and great differences between years. Coupled with serious pollution, water resources are even more scarce. Therefore, people must establish the consciousness of water crisis, take saving water resources as our conscious code of conduct, and carry out water resources warning education in various forms. 2.2 Rational development of water resources to avoid the destruction of water resources. Water resources development includes surface water resources development and groundwater resources development. Water resources are owned by the state, so the development of production and domestic water must conform to the relevant provisions of the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), so as to make overall plans. When exploiting groundwater, the water quality of each aquifer is quite different, so it should be exploited in layers. Contaminated diving and confined water shall not be mixed; For exploration projects that expose and penetrate the water layer, layered water sealing and hole sealing must be carried out in strict accordance with relevant regulations to effectively prevent water pollution and ensure the sustainable development of water bodies. 2.3 The key to improve the utilization rate of water resources and reduce the waste of water resources is to reuse water resources by using "reclaimed water". If reclaimed water can be used in the whole society, it will not only bring considerable economic and environmental benefits, but also form a good atmosphere for cherishing water resources in society. In addition, in order to adjust the effective utilization of water resources with economic lever, it is necessary to install effective water metering devices and implement the principle of using more water and charging more, so as to achieve the purpose of saving water and cultivate citizens' habit of saving water. 2.4 Prevention and control of water pollution and comprehensive utilization of water resources. For a long time, environmental incidents caused by direct discharge of industrial production sewage are common, which have brought extremely bad effects on human production and life. Therefore, effective prevention and control of production and domestic sewage should be carried out. Cities can adopt centralized sewage treatment; Industrial enterprises must implement the "three simultaneities" system of environmental protection; According to the different properties of production sewage, corresponding sewage treatment measures are taken. Resolutely implement the supervision and management system for water pollution prevention and control, adhere to the principle that whoever pollutes will control it, strictly implement the one-vote veto system for environmental protection, promote the sewage treatment work of enterprises, and finally realize the comprehensive utilization of water resources. The water-saving measures to be taken by the state will change the simple project planning mode in the past, put water-saving projects, optimal water resources dispatching and water environmental protection in an important position, and speed up construction and development. In terms of system, we should strengthen the function of river basin management, actively promote the establishment of the management system of urban water affairs bureau, and provide institutional guarantee for the scientific allocation of water resources. In management, it is necessary to formulate and improve scientific management systems and measures, make full use of economic levers such as water price and water resource fee, and adopt effective scientific and economic means to realize the optimal allocation of water resources, improve the utilization rate of water resources and give full play to comprehensive benefits. In terms of the rule of law, we should resolutely implement the Water Law, the Flood Control Law, the Soil and Water Conservation Law and other relevant laws and regulations, do a good job in supporting the construction of relevant laws and regulations, especially the revision of the Water Law, strengthen law enforcement, and persist in managing water resources according to law. In scientific research, it is necessary to break through the previous scientific research model of water conservancy engineering science, not only to strengthen the basic science of water conservancy, but also to develop comprehensive and interdisciplinary disciplines; We should not only study the problems of water conservancy projects, especially key projects, but also closely focus on the prominent contradictions and problems faced by China's water conservancy, study the relationship between various control measures, scientifically allocate them, promote the close integration of water resources management with economic development and human settlements, and promote the coordination and unity of economic, social and environmental benefits.