Building quality control-building is the product of human society, which comes into being with the arrival of human society and develops continuously. As a noun, architecture refers to all buildings and structures. It is a social life and production environment formed by human beings in order to meet the needs of human life and productive labor, using structural technical means and material means of production, under the guidance of scientific laws and aesthetic art, and through the organization of space. Architectural design, like other designs, is a purposeful architectural activity and an inevitable link before architectural activities. It is the premise of the construction process of space environment, and the most important thing is that this process must coordinate the relationship between good people, environment and architecture. Of course, as a building, it should be based on practicality, supplemented by artistry and appreciation, so the quality of the building is particularly important. Housing quality is the key core to determine the safety performance of housing, and it is also the top priority of housing construction. In China, where the fake version is popular now, it is not difficult to know that when a bridge is built, the waterproof bridge just collapsed when the ribbon was cut, and several overpasses in Zhengzhou can't be built, all because of serious quality problems. But this is largely caused by human factors. This has to make us reflect. Taking the quality control method of civil building construction as the research object, the author analyzes the characteristics of civil building quality control, and then discusses the stages of quality control. On this basis, the methods of quality control are analyzed. The method and characteristics of construction in control stage are the process of forming civil building entities, and also the key stage to determine the final product quality. It is necessary to improve the quality of housing and civil construction projects. We must attach great importance to the quality control in the construction stage. Engineering project construction involves a wide range and is an extremely complicated process. There are many factors that affect the quality. Small differences in materials used, small changes in operation, small fluctuations in the environment and normal wear and tear of machinery and equipment will all produce quality variation and cause quality accidents. After the completion of the project, if quality problems are found, it is impossible to disassemble, disassemble and replace parts like some industrial products, let alone "replace" or "return", so it is extremely important to control the quality of the project in the construction process. The characteristics of quality control is an extremely complicated comprehensive process because the construction of houses and civil construction projects involves a wide range. In addition, the project has the characteristics of fixed location, production flow, different structural types, different quality requirements, different construction methods, large volume, strong integrity, long construction period and great influence by natural conditions. Therefore, the quality of construction projects is more difficult than the quality management of general industrial products, mainly in the following aspects. First, there are many factors affecting quality, such as design, materials, machinery, topography, geological conditions, hydrology, meteorology, construction technology, operation methods, technical measures, management system, investment cost, construction period, etc. , have a direct impact on the quality of construction projects. It is easy to produce quality variation because the construction of engineering projects is not like the production of industrial products, with fixed production lines, standardized production technology and perfect testing technology, complete sets of production equipment and stable production environment. At the same time, because there are many accidental and systematic factors that affect the quality of engineering construction, it is easy to produce quality variation. For example, subtle differences in material properties, normal wear and tear of mechanical equipment, subtle changes in operation, slight fluctuations in the environment, etc. Will cause accidental factors of quality variation; When the specifications and varieties of materials used are wrong, the construction method is improper, the operation is not in accordance with the regulations, mechanical failure, instrument failure, and the accuracy of testing equipment is out of control. , will cause the quality variation of system factors, resulting in engineering quality accidents. Therefore, the quality variation of system factors should be prevented in the construction; Quality changes should be controlled within the scope of accidental factors. In the engineering construction prone to misjudgment, there are many process handover, intermediate products and concealed works. If you don't check the substance in time and look at the surface afterwards, it is easy to make a misjudgment, which means it is easy to treat unqualified products as qualified products; On the other hand, if the inspection is not careful, the measuring instrument is inaccurate and the reading is wrong, it will lead to wrong judgment, that is, it is easy to regard qualified products as unqualified products. This point should be paid special attention to in quality inspection and acceptance. Second, the quality control stage In order to strengthen the quality control of construction projects and clarify the key points of quality control in each construction stage, the quality of construction projects can be divided into three stages: pre-control, in-process control and post-control. Pre-quality control refers to the quality control before formal construction, and its control focus is to do a good job in construction preparation, which should run through the whole construction process. Scope of construction preparation: (1) all-site construction preparation; (2) Preparation for unit project construction; (3) Preparation for discipline and division construction; (four) the construction preparation before the start of the project, that is, all the construction preparations before the formal start of the project to be built; (5) Construction preparation after the project starts. Construction preparation content: (1) technical preparation; (2) material preparation; (3) organizational preparation; (4) Preparation for the construction site. Process quality control refers to the quality control in the construction process. The strategy of process quality control is to fully control the construction process and pay attention to the process quality. The specific measures are as follows: check the handover of working procedures; Quality pre-control has countermeasures; There are construction plans and technical measures, and records of the blue prints.the design; There are tests on the preparation materials; Concealed engineering acceptance; Review the calibration of measuring instruments; There are procedures for design changes; There is a system for steel bar substitution; Quality management is reviewed; Finished product protection measures; Exercising quality control has veto power; Quality documents have documents. Post-event quality control refers to the quality control of products formed in the process of construction completion, and the specific work includes the following aspects. (1) Organize power supply and water supply test; (2) Prepare completion acceptance data, and organize self-inspection and preliminary acceptance; (3) Evaluate the quality of the completed sub-projects, sub-projects and unit projects according to the specified quality evaluation standards and methods; (4) Organize the completion acceptance. Third, the method of quality control The method of project construction quality control is mainly to consult relevant technical documents and reports, and directly conduct on-site inspections and necessary tests. Auditing related technical documents, reports or statements is an important means for the project manager to fully control the project quality. The details are as follows: (1) Review relevant technical qualification documents; (2) Review the commencement report and verify it on site; (3) Review the construction scheme, construction organization design and technical measures; (4) Review the quality inspection reports of relevant materials and semi-finished products; (5) Review the statistical data or control chart reflecting the dynamic process quality; (6) Review design changes, modify drawings and technical verification; (7) Review the quality problem handling report. Contents of on-site quality inspection: ① Inspection before construction. The purpose is to check whether the construction conditions are met, whether the construction can continue normally after the construction, and whether the project quality can be guaranteed. ② Process handover inspection. On the basis of self-inspection and mutual inspection, full-time personnel shall be organized to carry out process handover inspection for important processes or processes that have a significant impact on project quality. (3) Take cover engineering inspection. All concealed works shall be inspected and certified before concealment. (4) Before returning to work after shutdown. After dealing with quality problems or needing to return to work for some reason, inspection and approval shall be conducted before returning to work. (5) After the sub-item and sub-item projects are completed, the next project can be started only after the inspection and acceptance records are signed. ⑥ finished product protection inspection. Check whether the finished product has protective measures or whether the protective measures are reliable. Methods of on-site quality inspection There are three methods of on-site quality inspection: observation, measurement and test. ① Observation method. Its means can be summarized as follows: visual appearance according to quality standards. For example, the quality of wallpaper pasting should be no spots, empty drums, bubbles and wrinkles on the paper; Each wallpaper has the same color and pattern; There is no glue mark in strabismus and no flattening of texture; There is no separation, lap seam and mouth opening in the seam; The patterns and patterns at the butt joint are complete; One side of the cut paper can't be stitched, only overlapped; . Wallpapers can only overlap in the internal corner, and the elevation angle should be wrapped. Another example is whether the clean-faced wall is clean, whether the spraying is dense, whether the color is uniform, whether the plastering bedding face and squabble of the interior wall are straight, whether the ground is flat and smooth, whether the paint survives surface indentation, whether the construction sequence is reasonable, and whether the workers operate correctly. , all through visual inspection and evaluation. ② Measurement method. It is to compare the measured data with the allowable deviation stipulated in construction specifications and quality standards to judge whether the quality is qualified. 2 1 century is the century of quality. Because at present, China's construction enterprises are basically in a situation of oversupply, facing fierce market competition and increasingly picky customers, quality will become the most powerful weapon to occupy the market. In the process of global economic integration, construction enterprises are facing a unified international market, and the protection of enterprises by regions and countries will gradually weaken, so their products and services must be judged by the unified international market. In project construction management, we should understand the great significance of project quality from the perspective of enterprise survival and development, adhere to the business strategy of "winning by quality", manage scientifically, standardize construction, and promote enterprise to expand its scale and seek greater development.