Graceful and restrained school is a school of China's Song Ci. Graceful, that is, tactfully implicit. Its main characteristics are that the content focuses on children's amorous feelings, the structure is profound and meticulous, the melody is euphemistic and harmonious, the language is round and beautiful, and there is a kind of femininity. The representatives of graceful and restrained school are Liu Yong, Zhang Xian, Yan Shu, Yan, Ouyang Xiu, Qin Guan, He Zhu, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao (generally including Wen and Li Yu in the late Tang and Five Dynasties).
The word "graceful" appeared in the ancient book Guoyu Wuyu in the pre-Qin period. It is said that "graceful" means gentle and graceful; The original meaning of "about" is binding, and it is extended to fine, vague and subtle. So "graceful" and "disgusting" are opposites.
Bold school is one of the Ci schools formed in China Song Dynasty. Poetry reformers in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Wang Anshi, Su Shi and Su Zhe, all used the word "bold" to comment on poetry. Su Shi was the first to discuss ci with "boldness".
On the whole, the characteristics of bold and unconstrained ci are that the creative vision is broad and magnificent, and the words are written in poetic ways and syntax, with a large vocabulary and many things that are not in line with the rhythm. However, sometimes it is dull and even involves crazy shouting. According to Yu Wenbao's Record of Continued Blowing Sword in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Dongpo has a good singer in Yutang, so he asked,' What is my word like Liu Qi?' Is:' Liu Langzhong Ci, only for 178 girls, holding red fangs, singing the waning moon. Bachelor degree, must be a big shot in Kansai, holding a bronze pipa and singing the river of no return. "Volkswagen was completely defeated." This story shows the contrast between two different styles of words.