1 Opportunities and advantages of developing eco-circular agriculture
1. 1 Good policy opportunities.
The Central Xinjiang Work Forum held in May, 20 10 put forward "focusing on promoting the construction of ecological civilization, speeding up the construction of ecological security barriers, actively developing circular economy, and promoting the comprehensive management of rural environment", and at the same time issued a series of policies to accelerate development, which provided unprecedented opportunities for agricultural development, especially ecological circular agriculture.
1.2 to meet the needs of modern agricultural development
On the premise of ecological security and food safety, eco-circular agriculture organically combines protected agriculture, animal husbandry and biogas, which maximizes the utilization rate of resources, realizes the reuse of waste resources, forms an agricultural economic system with low input, high output, low consumption and less emissions, and realizes three major benefits of economy, ecology and society, which is an inevitable requirement for building a resource-saving society and an environment-friendly society. Therefore, eco-circular agriculture meets the needs of modern agricultural development and has a good development prospect.
1.3 Agricultural resources have obvious geographical advantages.
Qitai County has unique climatic conditions and rich ecological resources such as light, heat, water and soil. It has 2 million (667 square meters) land suitable for agriculture, and the annual crop planting area is 654.38+630 thousand (667 square meters). Suitable for producing high-quality wheat, corn, beer barley, naked pumpkin, melon, pea, beet, oil sunflower, high-starch potato, miscellaneous grains, pepper and other vegetables. Adequate food and grass, large-scale livestock and poultry breeding. During the year, the maximum feeding amount reached 365,438+10,000 animals, 2,067,000 slaughtered animals and poultry 1 1 10,000 (feathers), which is a natural treasure house for developing and strengthening eco-circular agriculture. In addition, Qitai County is only 200 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital, with unique geographical advantages, location advantages and characteristic agricultural products.
2 Qitai County, the development status and problems of ecological circular agriculture
2. 1 development status
There are 6,734 household biogas digesters in Qitai County, and 4,200 households have completed the construction of "changing pools, changing circles and changing toilets", 3,000 ecological greenhouses have been built, 5 demonstration villages of ecological recycling economy in ecological homes and 260 biogas ecological demonstration households in greenhouses. In 2065, 700 households were added, with 438+00. Mainly carry out the "livestock-biogas-vegetable" courtyard economic model and the "poultry-biogas-vegetable" planting and breeding community model, accelerate the development of biogas, standardized breeding communities, pollution-free bases and biogas "four-in-one" ecological recycling agriculture, and provide an important platform for animal husbandry development and new rural construction. For example, the construction of large and medium-sized biogas projects in Jinqiwan Pig Farm and Xinyuan Breeding Farm in Qitai County has been basically completed, with a total construction volume of 1600 m3, and each large and medium-sized biogas digester can produce biogas of 265,438+500,000 m3 per year, which can provide clean energy for 300 farmers, save 585 t of coal annually, produce biogas slurry of 65,438+400,000 t and produce biogas of 6,654,38+/kloc. In Qitai County, the amount of straw returned to the field is 872 t, the amount of compost is 9. 1 t, the amount of straw silage is14,000 t, the area of formula fertilization by soil testing is 440,000 (667m2), and the standardized production area of crops is 800,000 (667m2). The implementation of the above measures reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, avoids unreasonable use and reduces agricultural non-point source pollution.
2.2 Existing problems
2.2. 1 insufficient ideological understanding. The technical system needs to be improved.
At present, farmers' understanding of ecological agriculture is not in place, and they don't understand the practical significance of ecological circular agriculture. Therefore, their consciousness and desire to develop eco-circular agriculture are not strong enough. The technical system of eco-circular agriculture is not perfect, and a relatively complete technical system covering all the contents of "ecology" and "circulation" has not yet been established.
2.2.2 Agricultural non-point source pollution is serious.
According to the survey results of agricultural pollution sources carried out in 2008, the main pollution of planting industry today is agricultural plastic film, chemical fertilizer and pesticide. The annual consumption of plastic film is 13.7 t, and the residual amount is1.95 t; ; The annual consumption of chemical fertilizer in farmland is 462 t, which is still high; The treatment of livestock and poultry manure in rural areas is not in place, and some large-scale farms directly discharge livestock manure without treatment, which affects environmental sanitation and village appearance.
2.2.3 Straw recycling rate needs to be improved.
Qitai County is a big agricultural county, with a large crop straw output of 246,000 tons per year. Due to various reasons, some crop straws are burned and discarded at will, resulting in energy waste and environmental pollution. 163. 1t is used for other purposes. There is a large space for straw recycling.
3 Qitai County, the main measures and suggestions for the development of ecological recycling agriculture
3. 1 Make development plans and straighten out development ideas.
According to the development idea of "establishing county by ecology, stabilizing county by agriculture, prospering county by tourism and strengthening county by industry" put forward by Qitai County Committee, focusing on cultivating and developing ecological agricultural products, relying on superior natural environment, unique climate, fertile soil, high-quality water source and no industrial "three wastes" pollution, we will develop ecological circular agriculture with high standards and standardization, and promote the coordinated development of agriculture and environment.
3.2 Strengthen the propaganda and technical training of ecological agriculture. Create a development atmosphere
Through news media, agricultural information network, agricultural technology 1 10, and distribution of materials, we will further publicize the great role and significance of developing eco-circular agriculture in building modern agriculture, increasing farmers' income and ensuring ecological security, guide the masses to establish the concept of ecological security and resource reuse, guide farmers to actively participate in and support the development of eco-circular agriculture, and create a good atmosphere for the development of eco-circular agriculture.
3.3 Strengthen the technological innovation of eco-circular agriculture and improve the technical system.
Combined with the climatic and geographical conditions and the actual agricultural production in Qitai County, focusing on the technological innovation of eco-circular agriculture, this paper studies and summarizes the eco-agricultural model conducive to the long-term sustainable development of the county, rationally utilizes resources and optimizes the ecological environment. Combining straw returning, ecological biogas engineering, soil testing and formula fertilization, standardized production and many other aspects, the harmless treatment technology, fertilization and pest control technology of agricultural solid waste compost in the production of green organic agricultural products are studied, and a perfect technical system is integrated to provide solid technical support for the development of ecological circular agriculture.
3.4 According to local conditions, develop various modes of eco-circular agriculture.
Combined with the herdsmen's settlement project, we will continue to implement the courtyard economic model of "livestock-biogas-vegetables", which will benefit herders for a long time; Combined with the development of solar greenhouse production base and livestock and poultry breeding community, the "livestock-biogas-vegetables" planting community model was implemented. Both modes should take the clean energy utilization of biogas as a breakthrough, establish and improve the service system after biogas construction, improve the operation level and quality of biogas digesters, play its role in connecting livestock and poultry farming with greenhouse vegetable planting, promote the recycling of human and animal manure, crop straw and other wastes, and produce biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue. To meet the energy demand of farmers for cooking and lighting, clean, sanitary and harmless biogas slurry and biogas residue are used as crop fertilizers to ensure the quality of agricultural products, protect and improve rural environmental sanitation, and achieve a win-win situation in ecological and economic benefits. In addition, combined with the actual agricultural production, we explored and implemented a variety of development models, such as "crop planting-livestock breeding-intensive processing of livestock products-waste treatment and reuse", "livestock breeding-manure-biogas-organic fertilizer-green, organic agricultural products production" and "crop straw-comprehensive utilization", which greatly improved the utilization rate of resources and realized cost saving and efficiency improvement.
3.5 Carry out standardized production and build a brand of eco-agriculture.
Put the development of eco-circular agriculture in the production of green organic agricultural products, create an external environment to meet the production of green organic agricultural products, build key production bases, operate in strict accordance with the production rules of green organic agricultural products, implement biological control technology, agricultural control technology, physical control technology and mechanical control technology, and strictly monitor the production environment, input use, production process and product quality to make agricultural products meet production standards. Strengthen the quality and safety supervision of all aspects of agricultural products production, processing and sales, and implement the market access system to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. Actively carry out certification of green organic agricultural products and production bases, carry out registered trademarks and geographical indications of agricultural products, build brands of green organic agricultural products, and ensure good economic benefits.
3.6 Improve the development system. Provide guarantee for the development of eco-circular agriculture.
At present, eco-circular agriculture is in the early stage of development, so we should increase investment in policies, funds and technology, establish and improve the development system of eco-circular agriculture, and study supporting policies and development measures. Improve the service system, provide lasting impetus for the development of eco-circular agriculture, and promote the construction of modern agriculture.