First, the paper requirements

1. Doctoral thesis

(1) The doctoral thesis should be completed by the doctoral students themselves under the guidance of the tutor.

(2) Doctoral dissertations should make creative achievements in science or special technology. Frog authors have mastered solid and extensive basic theories and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge in this discipline, and have the ability to engage in scientific research independently.

(3) Doctoral dissertations should adhere to the principle of integrating theory with practice, which is of certain significance to socialist modernization in theory or practice.

(4) In order to ensure the quality of doctoral dissertations, a certain number of academic dissertations should be published or read in national academic journals or conferences before the dissertation defense.

(5) Doctoral dissertations are generally about 50,000 words.

2. Master's degree thesis

(1) The master thesis should be completed by the master students themselves under the guidance of the tutor.

(2) The topic selection of master's degree thesis should be combined with the needs of socialist construction or have certain academic significance.

(3) The master's degree thesis should have its own new viewpoint on the research topic, which shows that the author has mastered the solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge of the subject and has the ability to engage in scientific research or undertake specialized technical work independently.

(4) Master's degree thesis work must have a certain amount of work. After the topic of the thesis is determined, the time spent on the thesis work is generally not less than one academic year.

(5) Master's degree thesis is generally 30,000 to 40,000 words.

Second, the writing format and content requirements of the dissertation

1. The paper generally consists of three parts-introduction, main body and appendix.

2. Content requirements of each part

(1) leading part-includes cover, abstract, table of contents and keywords.

(1) cover-uniformly printed by the academic degree office of the school according to the national standards; The number of words in the title of a dissertation shall not exceed 20.

(2) Abstract-a brief statement of the paper, which should explain the purpose, significance, experimental methods, research results and final conclusions of the research work, with emphasis on the results and conclusions. Abstract is generally 200-300 words, written in Chinese and foreign languages.

(3) Content-It consists of chapters, sections and page numbers of the paper.

(4) Keywords-words or terms selected from papers used for literature indexing to represent an information item. Each paper selects 5~ 10 words as keywords, and the prominent characters are arranged at the lower left of the abstract.

(2) Main part-including introduction or preface, text, conclusion, thanks, references, etc.

Introduction or preface-is the beginning of the main part, briefly explaining the purpose and scope of this research work, the previous research situation and achievements (or knowledge gaps) in related fields, theoretical analysis and basis, research ideas, research methods, etc.

(2) Text-the core part of the paper, accounting for most of the length (about three-fifths to four-fifths of the whole paper), including theoretical part, experimental part and data processing. It requires correct demonstration, clear concept, rigorous analysis, true and reliable data, well-founded data processing and correct calculation results. The words are fluent and the logic is clear.

③ Conclusion —— The conclusion drawn from the treatment results should be discussed and discussed theoretically, the existing problems and shortcomings should be explained objectively, and suggestions for the next step can be put forward. Use words concisely.

(4) Acknowledgement —— Express gratitude to the units or individuals that have guided and assisted in completing the research work and provided convenient conditions, and explain the articles and achievements cited by others.

⑤ References-listed in the following format.

[serial number], author's name, paper title, journal name, year, number of issues, page number.

[serial number], author's name, title, publishing unit, year and page number.

When a paper cites a reference, it should be marked in the upper right corner of the cited department with square brackets, and the numbers in the brackets correspond to the serial number of the reference.

(3) Appendix-Appendix is a supplement to the main part of the paper, including formula derivation, data and charts related to the paper.

3. Names, terms, symbols and units of measurement in dissertations should be cited in accordance with uniform standards and should be consistent before and after. Repeated terms and symbols can only be explained when they first appear. Punctuation marks shall be used in accordance with Usage of Punctuation Marks, with clear handwriting and proper use.

4. The paper should be written in black ink on the special manuscript paper for degree thesis, and the font should be neat and clear. If there are charts, schematic diagrams, structural diagrams, etc. , according to the requirements of drawings, you need to use tracing paper to trace and paste, or paste images and photos. Press release.

5. After the paper is bound, it is cut according to the size of 200×280mm.

Three. A detailed abstract of a dissertation

Detailed abstracts of dissertations are used to edit and publish abstracts of dissertations after they are awarded.

The detailed abstract should be independent and self-sufficient, which can summarize the main points and conclusions of the paper and fully reflect the research results and value of the paper.

The detailed abstract of the master's degree thesis is less than 1000 words, which is printed by the graduate student himself by computer, and the printed manuscript and the corresponding floppy disk are submitted to the degree office within two days after the defense, and sent to the degree office together with other degree application materials on the specified date. The format and specific requirements shall be stipulated separately.

Detailed abstract of doctoral thesis, Chinese abstract is limited to 800~ 1000 Chinese characters; English abstracts are limited to 3000~4000 words, and both Chinese and English abstracts are printed by graduate students themselves with computers, and the printed manuscripts and corresponding floppy disks are submitted to the degree office before the defense. The format and specific requirements shall be stipulated separately.

Detailed abstracts of papers need to be reviewed by tutors. After the instructor agrees, you should sign in the column of "Tutor Review".

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Paper format of intransitive verbs

(Title) x x x x (2 # ? ? black, center)

(Author) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (4 # √)

(Blank line)

Abstract: (small 4 # √ black) x x x x x x x x x x (5 # √)

(Blank line)

(article subtitle) x x x x (small 4# song typeface black, top grid)

(Text)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx

(5 # √, first paragraph is empty)

(author's mailing address, zip code and telephone number) (5#)

1 title

The title should reflect the most important specific content in the article with concise and accurate words, summarize the main idea of the article, conform to the relevant principles of compiling title catalogue, index and retrieval, and help to select keywords and classification numbers. Chinese titles shall not exceed 20 Chinese characters, and subheadings may be added if necessary. English titles should have the same meaning as Chinese titles. Abbreviations, characters, codes, structures and formulas that are not widely known and common should be avoided in titles.

2 The author and his work unit

2. 1 The article should be signed by the author, which is a sign that the author is responsible for his own writing and has intellectual property rights. The signature of the author shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 77 13.

2.2 The author's name is placed under the title, and the author of the group author can also be marked on the front page or at the end of the article, and the author of short articles such as short messages can be marked at the end of the article. In English abstracts, the names of domestic authors should adopt the relevant provisions of the China Pinyin Scheme for Personal Names, and the Chinese Pinyin of domestic authors' names should be written as follows: surname comes before the first name, with spaces in the middle. The letters of surnames are all capitalized, and the compound surnames should be written together. Capitalize the first letter of a name and add a hyphen between the two names; The name is not abbreviated. For example:

Zhang Ying (Zhang Ying), Wang Xi-Lian (Wang Xilian), Zhuge Hua (Zhuge Hua)

2.3 The author should indicate the work unit, including the full name of the unit, the name of the province and city and the postal code. The name of the company and the name of the province and city are separated by commas. The whole data item is enclosed in brackets. Example:

(Department of Mathematical Mechanics, China University of Science and Technology, Hefei 23000 1)

The author's work unit should be printed directly under the author's name.

2.4 The signatures of several authors are separated by commas. Authors of different work units should add different Arabic numeral serial numbers in the upper right corner of their names, and add the same number as the author's name serial number before the name of their work units, so as to establish the relationship between the authors and their work units; Work units are separated by semicolons when they are connected. Example:

Han Yingduo 1, 1, Lin 2, Xiang Yongkang 2, 3, 3.

(1. Tsinghua University Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronic Technology, Beijing100084; 2. Huazhong Electric Power Group Corporation, Wuhan, Hubei 430027; 3. Northeast Electric Power Group Corporation, Shenyang, Liaoning 1 10006)

3 Author introduction

3. 1 Introduce the main authors of the article in the following order:

Name (year of birth-), gender (nationality-Han nationality can be omitted), native place, professional title, degree, resume and research direction (optional). Example:

About the author: Wulanna (1968—), female (Mongolian), native of Dalat Banner, Inner Mongolia, associate professor of history department of Inner Mongolia University, Ph.D., 1994 went to Harvard University for further study, mainly engaged in Mongolian studies.

3.2 Other major author profiles of the same article can be listed in the same "Author Profile:" logo, separated by semicolons, and finally ". End.

4 abstract

4. 1 All submitted articles should be accompanied by Chinese abstracts (all articles with document identification numbers A, B and C should be accompanied by Chinese abstracts and English abstracts should be accompanied by Chinese abstracts), with "[Abstract]" as the logo before Chinese abstracts and "Abstract:" as the logo before English abstracts. Information that can objectively reflect the main contents of the paper, including the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the research. Generally, it should be written as a report summary, and it can also be written as a prompt or report-prompt summary. Should be independent and self-sufficient, should be a complete essay, generally not segmented. There should be no charts, lengthy mathematical formulas, symbols and abbreviations that are not widely known and commonly used, and the serial numbers of charts, tables, formulas and references should not be quoted.

4.2 The length of the abstract is 100-300 words.

4.3 The English abstract should correspond to the Chinese abstract.

5 key words

5. 1 keyword is a term that reflects the main content of the article and plays an important role in literature retrieval. All submitted papers should be marked with Chinese keywords, and English keywords should be given if there are English abstracts. Generally, 3 ~ 8 keywords can be selected for each article. According to the principles and methods of GB/T 3860, refer to various vocabulary and reference books to select keywords. Important terms in new disciplines and technologies that are not included in the glossary, as well as the names and places in the titles of articles, can also be marked as keywords.

5.2 Multiple keywords are separated by semicolons.

5.3 Chinese and English keywords should correspond. Chinese keywords should be preceded by "[Key words]" and English keywords by "keywords:". Example:

[Keywords:] gasoline engine; Explosion control; Electronic ignition; fuzzy logic

Keywords: gasoline engine; Knock control; Electronic ignition; fuzzy logic

6 document identification code

6. 1 In order to facilitate literature statistics and periodical evaluation, determine the scope of literature retrieval and improve the applicability of retrieval results, each article or material should be marked with a literature identification code, which should be marked by the author himself. There are five document identifiers:

A-academic papers on theoretical and applied research (including summary reports)

B- practical technical achievement report (science and technology), theoretical study and social practice summary (social science)

C- Articles on business guidance and technical management (including leaders' speeches and special comments, etc. )

D—— General dynamic information (communication, reports, meetings, interviews, etc.). )

Electronic literature (including historical materials, statistical data, institutions, people, books and periodicals, knowledge introduction, etc.). )

Articles, abstracts, news, blanks, advertisements, notices, etc. that do not belong to the above categories. No document ID is marked.

6.2 The document identifier of a Chinese article is marked with "[document identifier]", such as [document identifier] a..

7 classification number

7. 1 In order to realize clan search from the subject attributes of periodical documents and create conditions for the classification statistics of articles, all articles with document identification codes should be marked with classification numbers.

7.2 The classification number is classified according to China Library Classification (fourth edition).

7.3 articles generally identify 1 classification number, and multi-topic articles can identify 2 or 3 classification numbers; The main classification number ranks first, and multiple classification numbers are separated by semicolons.

7.4 The classification number is marked with "[China Library Classification Number]". Example: [China Library Classification Number] TK730.2; Order 357.5

8 fund projects

8. 1 fund projects refer to the funding background of the output of the article, which belongs to the annotation of the title of the article, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Botudian Fund of the Ministry of Education.

8.2 Articles that have won the output from the Fund shall be marked with the words "Fund Project:", and the name of the fund project and its project number shall be indicated in brackets.

8.3 The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant state departments; Some fund projects are listed in turn, separated by semicolons. Example: Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (59637050); The Eighth Five-Year National Key Scientific and Technological Project (86-20-74)

9 Introduction

9. The introduction of1may include the purpose, significance, main methods, scope and background of the research. Go straight to the point, be concise, don't be the same as the abstract or become the annotation of the abstract, and avoid formula derivation and general method introduction.

9.2 The serial number of the introduction can be left blank or "0". If the serial number is not left blank, the word "introduction" can be omitted.

10 The text of the paper

10. 1 The text of the paper is the part after the guideline and before the conclusion, which is the core of the paper and should be written in the format specified in GB 77 13-87.

10.2 classification title

Hierarchical titles refer to subheadings at different levels except the titles of articles. Titles at all levels should be short and clear, and punctuation marks (except question marks, exclamation marks and ellipsis) should not be used at the end of the title. Titles at the same level should be as "parallel" as possible, that is, words (or phrases) are of the same type (or similar), with related meanings and consistent tone. Not too many levels, generally not more than 5 levels.

Professional titles at all levels shall be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals; Numbers of different levels are separated by dots, and the last digit is not punctuated, such as "l", "2. 1" and "3. 1.2". The serial numbers of all levels are arranged in the left top box, followed by 1 space.

Pure social science papers can also adopt the Chinese habit, and the hierarchy number can be one, (1), 1, (1), 1), but not ①, [1], which is different from the note number and reference number. This article does not recite the topic, one line does not occupy the page, and one word does not occupy the line.

Titles at all levels should be eye-catching, and fonts should be clearly different from non-titles.

1 1 Note

Annotation is a further explanation or supplementary explanation of a specific content in the text. Annotations can be used to explain the title, author and some content. What can be marked in brackets in the article should not be listed separately.

For the notes not listed in the article, note symbols should be marked in the upper right corner of the words, phrases or sentences that need to be noted, and the note symbols are identified by circled Arabic numerals ①, ② …. Comments should be placed at the bottom of the page and separated from the text by a main line. (footnote for short)

12 reference

In order to reflect the scientific basis of the paper and the author's serious attitude of respecting other people's research results, and provide readers with the source of relevant information, a list of references should be listed after the conclusion or thank-you paragraph of the paper. Reference is one of the important information sources for the statistics and analysis of citations in periodical papers.

The list of references should generally be limited to the most important documents directly read by the author and published in official publications (or networks). Personal letters and unpublished materials are generally not suitable for inclusion in the bibliography, and you can make comments or marks in the footer of the current page immediately after quoting the content.

References are numbered with Arabic numerals in the order in which the cited documents appear in the paper, with [1] and [2]… as the marking symbols, which are placed in the upper right corner at the end of the cited documents, such as Zhang and Wang.

The description of the list of references is arranged in the order cited in the article, and the font size is generally smaller than the text of the paper.

Each document description item in the bibliography should be complete, and the same item should not be represented by "ditto" or "ditto".

When there are no more than three authors in the literature, all of them are listed; If there are more than three digits, only the first three digits are listed, followed by the word "equal" or the corresponding foreign language; The names of authors are separated by ","instead of "and" or "and"; The names of China people and foreigners are recorded by the method of surname first. The names of western authors can be abbreviated, and the abbreviation point "."can be omitted.

12. 1 Reference Description Project

A main person in charge (monograph author, editor-in-chief of collection of essays, degree applicant, patent applicant, report writer, journal article author, precipitation article author). Multiple principals are separated by ",". Please note that the abbreviation "."is not allowed in this data. The main person in charge only lists the names, and then does not add the responsibilities such as "writing", "editing", "editor-in-chief" and "co-editing".

B. Title and version of the document (the first version is abbreviated).

C. identification of document type and carrier type.

D. Publication project (place of publication, publisher, year of publication).

E. the source of the document or the accessible address of the electronic document.

F. Start and end page numbers of the document.

G. Document standard number (standard number, patent number ...).

12.2 reference type and its identification

According to GB 3469, the following types of references are identified by a single letter.

Reference types, monographs, papers, newspapers, periodicals, articles, dissertations, reports and standard patents.

File type recognition

For the precipitated documents in monographs and papers, the single letter "A" is used as the document type identification; For other unspecified literature types, the single letter "z" is used.

For references to electronic literature types, such as databases, computer programs and bulletin board system, the following two letters are recognized:

Electronic bulletin of electronic reference database computer program

Electronic file type identification database

For electronic documents with non-paper carriers, when they are cited as references, the carrier type should be indicated in the reference type identification. Use two letters to indicate the type of electronic document carrier: magnetic tape)-MT, magnetic disk)-DK, CD-ROM-CD, online)——OL, and the reference type identification including the file carrier type is expressed in the following format:

[File Type Identification/Carrier Type Identification]

Such as: [db/ol]-online database online.

A database on tape.

[m/CD]- CD monograph

[CP/DK]- Disk software (computer program on disk)

Online serial

[EB/ol]- Online bulletin board system.

Traditional literature with paper as the carrier does not need to indicate the carrier type when it is cited as a reference.

12.3 Layout format of reference list after text

References are listed at the end of the article in the order in which they appear in the text; The form is marked with the words "References:" (upper left box); The serial numbers of references are displayed in the upper left box, and the numbers are represented by square brackets, such as [1], [2], [etc., so as to be consistent with the format of serial numbers in the text. According to ISO 690 and ISO 690-2, each reference entry ends with ".". The formats and examples of various reference entries are as follows:

A. Monographs, papers, papers and reports

[serial number] Principal. Title of the document [Document Type ID]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Start and end page numbers.

Liu Guojun, Chen Shaoye, Wang Fengzhu. Library catalogue [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,1957.438+05-18.

[2] Xin Ximeng. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Technology and Information Services. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1994.38.

Zhang Zhusheng. Invariant Sets of Differential Semi-dynamic Systems [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, Peking University Department of Mathematics, 1983.36-40.

Feng Xiqiao. LBB Analysis of Pressure Piping and Pressure Vessel of Nuclear Reactor [R]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Design and Research, 1997.5.

B. Journal articles

【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. File title [J]. Publication name, year, volume (issue): page numbers.

[5] He Lingxiu. Read Gu Cheng's History of Nan Ming [J]. Study on the History of China, 1998, (3): 167- 173.

Jin Xianhe, Wang Changchang, Wang Zhongdong, et al. A digital filtering technique for on-line detection of partial discharge [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Natural Science Edition),1993,33 (4): 62-67.

C. precipitation files in the file set

【 Serial number 】 The principal responsible person of the precipitation document. Title of precipitation document [a]. Primary owner of the original document (optional). Title of original file [c]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication. Page number of precipitation document.

Zhong wenfa The Application of Nonlinear Programming in the Distribution of Combustible Poisons [a]. Zhao Wei. Theory and Application of Operations Research-Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of China Logistics Society [c]. Xi 'an: xidian university Publishing House, 1996.468-47538+0.

D. newspaper articles

【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. File title [n]. Name and publication date (edition) of the newspaper.

[8] Xie Xide. Create new learning ideas. People's Daily,1998-12-25 (10).

E. International and national standards

[serial number] standard number, standard name.

[9] GB/T16159-1996, Basic Rules of Chinese Phonetic Orthography [S].

F. Patents

[serial number] patent owner. Patent name [p]. Patent country: patent number, publication date.

[10] Jiang Xizhou. Preparation scheme of a warm external medicine [P]. China patents: 88 1056073, 1989-07-26.

G. Electronic literature

[serial number] Principal. Title of electronic document [identification and carrier type of electronic document]. The source or accessible address, publication or update date/citation date of the electronic document.

Wang Mingliang. On the progress of standardized database system engineering of academic journals in China [EB/OL]. /pub/wml . txt/9808 10-2 . html， 1998-08- 16/65448。

[12] Wan Jinkun. Abstract of Journal of China University (1983 ——1993). English version [DB/CD] Beijing: China Encyclopedia Publishing House, 1996.

H. Various undefined literary types

【 Serial number 】 Principal responsible person. Document title [z]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.

13 Differences between references and comments

References are the bibliography that the author refers to when writing, and the words or opinions quoted in the references are listed at the end of the article. Notes are further explanations or supplementary explanations of a specific content in the text of a work, which are arranged at the bottom of the page. The serial numbers of references are numbered with brackets [1], [2], …, and the notes are numbered with circles ①, ②, ….