Fossils are paleontological remains, relics and their living bodies preserved in the strata by the action of nature during the geological history period (4.8 billion ~/kloc-0.0 million years ago). Most of them are hard parts such as stems, leaves, shells and bones. They are filled and alternated by minerals, forming biological remains and relics that keep their original shape and structure, or just calcified, silicified, pyritized and carbonized by the impression. There are also a few intact relics that have not been changed due to special preservation conditions, such as mammoths in frozen soil and insects in amber. Sometimes, the remains of ancient biological activities, such as footprints, crawling, caves, etc., are preserved in rock formations. If the history of the earth is a book, then fossils are pictures embedded in words. They can not only vividly interpret the mysterious prehistoric world, but also witness the history of the earth. Fossils are the main research objects of paleontology. As early as the fifth and sixth centuries, there were records about fossils in ancient books in China. In the Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing had a correct understanding and explanation of the nature and source of snail and mussel fossils; in the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo had a correct understanding of plant fossils and Wandu had a correct understanding of fish fossils.
Fossils are usually called ancient invertebrate fossils, ancient vertebrate fossils and ancient plant fossils, and are collectively called coral fossils, turtle fossils and conifer fossils according to different biological categories. At the same time, according to the size of organisms, fossils that can be used for research are called macrofossils, such as brachiopods, trilobites, higher plants, vertebrates, etc. However, microscopes are still needed to study the microstructure of these organisms, such as coral fossils and crustaceans. Microfossils, such as foraminifera, ostracods, diatoms, etc. , must be observed and studied with a microscope. Small parts of some large organisms, such as egg storage devices of Charophyta, plant spores, pollen, snail teeth (snail jaws), conodonts, and even small scales and fish teeth, often belong to microfossils. There are no strict restrictions on the use of this term. For example, some groups of organisms, such as bryozoa, kelp, bamboo-knot stone and soft-tongued snail, are considered as microfossils by some scholars, while others are still considered as giant fossils. In recent years, with the development of petroleum geological exploration and marine geological survey and the application of electron microscope, many tiny fossils with a diameter of 30 ~ 10? The one below m is called nannofossil. Nano-fossils include stellite, plagioclase and micro-cone.
The various functions of preserving paleontological remains or remains as fossils are called fossilization. Conditions for the formation of fossils: ① Paleontology can only be preserved as a fossil if it has hardware that can be preserved as a fossil. Paleontology without hardware can form a fossil under special conditions, but there are few opportunities. ② The remains of dead organisms should be kept in an oxygen-free environment and cannot be destroyed by mechanical action. (3) During and after diagenesis of sediments, there should be enough time to make paleontological remains have harder physical characteristics and stronger chemical stability. (4) In the future, it was not destroyed by the internal and external forces of the earth, and it was finally preserved. When an animal group dies, it first forms a dead group. Some or most of the bodies in the dead group were transported away or still piled up on the spot, forming a group of bodies. Buried bodies are those whose hardware is not destroyed by organic and inorganic conditions but buried by sediments. Those who move away from the original living area are called buried in different places, otherwise they are called buried in situ. Buried biological remains or remains are preserved without being destroyed during and after diagenesis, forming a fossil group. It can be seen that only a small part of the biota at that time could form fossils, and the composition of each fossil group may be very complicated.
The basic explanation of fossils is that fossils are biological remains, relics or traces of life, which were buried in the stratum for some reason and formed after tens of thousands of years of complex changes. Through the study of fossils, scientists found that fish fossils appeared in relatively old strata, while amphibians, reptiles and mammals appeared in closer strata in turn. By comparing the genes of different kinds of organisms with protein (such as cytochrome C), we can know the genetic relationship between these organisms. The word fossil comes from the Latin word fossillis, which means digging. Fossil is the main research object of paleontology, which provides evidence for studying the life history of animals and plants in geological period. There have been records about fossils in ancient books in China, such as Ji Ran in the Spring and Autumn Period and Wu Jin in the Three Kingdoms Period, all of which mentioned Shaanxi's production? Keel? ,? Keel? That is, the bones and teeth fossils of ancient vertebrates; Shan Hai Jing also has it? Stone fish? (that is, the description of fish fossils); There are descriptions of ancient insects in amber of Tao Hongjing during the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. In Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo had a correct understanding of the origin of snail and mussel fossils and Wandu fish fossils. So far, the earliest bacterial fossils found are filamentous bacterial fossils from Walla Onna group in Australia 3.5 billion years ago. The so-called fossils refer to the remains of paleontology and life and the residual organic molecules of biological origin preserved in rock strata during geological history.
Research on fossils on earth? Age? About 4.6 billion years. The CAMBRIAN was 540 million to 5. 1 100 million years ago. A dinosaur era more familiar than ours? Jurassic? 400 million years ago. During the period of 1909, the fossils of the Middle Cambrian Burgess fauna discovered in Canada caused a sensation all over the world, and now this fossil group has been listed as a scientific site by the United Nations. 1947, the late Precambrian Ediacaran fauna was discovered in Australia. The time interval between the two fossil groups is 1. 1 100 million years, so it is difficult to prove the mutation between the two species. Chengjiang animal fossil group is just in the middle of the time span of the above two fossil groups, which is the most important part of the Cambrian life explosion. The discovery of biochemical stones in Chengjiang, Yunnan Province. Perhaps, there is no discovery process of paleontological fossils in the world, which is as legendary as the biochemical fossils in Chengjiang, Yunnan. 1In mid-June, 984, Hou Xianguang, who had just graduated from Nanjing Institute of Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, came to Maotianshan Mountain in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province to look for the fossils of high muscle insects that once lived in Cambrian. He lives in the shed of field geological prospectors, goes out early and returns late every day, climbs rugged mountain roads and searches for paleontological fossils in selected places. The stones cut down every day often weigh two or three tons. However, hard work has not achieved the expected results. After working for more than a week, Hou Xianguang is still empty-handed, and it is inevitable that he will be disappointed. At about 3 pm on July/KLOC-0, Hou Xianguang, who was nervously digging, lifted his foot and accidentally cut off a loose rock layer. A strange but well-preserved fossil was exposed. He was ecstatic and judged with his own knowledge that this was an invertebrate fossil in the early CAMBRIAN. He made persistent efforts and found three important fossils on the same day. Later, he further identified and found that the fossils were Rona, Gill Shrimp and Spike. It's like opening the door to the treasure house of paleontology. In the following days, Hou Xianguang discovered many paleontological fossils of the same period, such as arthropods, jellyfish and worms. After returning to Nanjing, he and his tutor Professor Zhang Wentang wrote "The Discovery of wildebeest in the Asian continent" and named the animal fossils in Chengjiang as? Chengjiang fauna? . Since then, many strange ancient creatures that scientists have never seen have been rediscovered in Maotian Mountain. Professor Chen from Nanjing Institute of Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Professor Shu Degan from Northwest University successively joined the research ranks. A series of articles published in international authoritative academic journals, such as Nature and Science, described to the world the spectacular scene of the collective outbreak of life on earth in Chengjiang, Yunnan 530 million years ago. 1992, Chengjiang animal fossil group site was listed by UNESCO as? Global address sarira East Asia Priority Grade A No.4? . 11At the end of June, 2005, the application of Chengjiang Fossil Group to declare World Heritage was formally submitted to the Ministry of Construction.
Enjoy fossil pictures 1 fossil pictures 2 fossil pictures 3 fossil pictures 4 fossil pictures 5 fossil pictures 6 fossil pictures 7 Guess what you like:
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