First of all, understand the nature and learning purpose of this course. Ancient Chinese is a basic course for Chinese language and literature majors and a tool course for reading ancient books.
This course focuses on the combination of basic knowledge and application ability, and requires self-learners to read and recite a certain amount of classical Chinese. Through the study and application of characters, phonology, vocabulary and grammar, they can master the basic knowledge of ancient Chinese systematically and have the ability to read ordinary classical Chinese with what they have learned. Second, understand the content and assessment objectives of this course. The requirement of this course examination is the graduation level of "Ancient Chinese" for Chinese language and literature majors in full-time colleges and universities.
The content of this course is divided into two parts, namely, basic knowledge and its application and ancient Chinese reading exercises. The basic knowledge includes introduction, writing, phonology, vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric, poetic style, archaism, reference books and so on. Ancient Chinese reading exercises include ancient Chinese reading recitation, ancient Chinese sentence reading and ancient Chinese translation.
All the knowledge and theories involved in "understanding" are directly related to the assessment point. Candidates should be familiar with its concept and related knowledge, understand its principle, and be able to recognize it in the language environment. Any content that needs to be "mastered" must be transformed into ability on the basis of understanding relevant knowledge and theories, that is, it can use relevant knowledge and theories to analyze and solve related problems in ancient Chinese written language and guide the reading of ancient books.
Generally speaking, the knowledge and theories involved in "general education" are not directly used as the proposition content in the exam, but because these contents have direct or indirect influence on the examination of other related knowledge and theories and the reading ability of ancient books, candidates are required to understand these contents in the process of self-study, which cannot be ignored. In addition, some ancient cultural common sense (such as names of people and officials), although not included in the assessment target, still belong to the common sense of ancient Chinese reading and need candidates' attention.
I've done this before! Difficult! You can send an email to editor-in-chief & gt! Whose do you use? And Wang Li's, Guo's! Jing Guisheng! Many classes are stupid.
2. Read the following text and write as required. We live in common sense, which is shared by our peers.
So common sense, early in the morning, the factory director just came to the office, Xiao Li rushed in, holding a steaming cup of Tieguanyin, handed it to the factory director obsequiously, and mysteriously whispered, "Director, I want to discuss something with you. Can the master who took me be replaced by Xu Changke? " The director is puzzled: "What? Master Zhang is too strict with you? " "No, Master Zhang is experienced and skilled. Such a good teacher should be left to Xiao Wang.
""ok, no problem. "It turns out that Xiao Wang and Xiao Li are new apprentices, and the factory has assigned two masters to lead them respectively.
In the original factory, Xiao Li was arranged by the best master Zhang. I don't know why, but he asked for a replacement. The training will begin soon.
Master Zhang is a veteran. He is very hard on Xiao Wang. If he can't do it well, he will ask for redone. Even if the gears were not smooth, he asked for a fresh start. It is common to make mistakes and severely punish people for not eating; In addition, Xiao Wang is required to read a bunch of theoretical books and understand the main points thoroughly. Xiao Wang was so tired that he was sweating all over every day that he fell asleep as soon as he touched the pillow.
On the contrary, Xiao Li is at leisure, following Xu Jin in and out every day, socializing constantly, not learning much technology, but making a lot of money. Xiao Wang looked in his eyes and wondered.
One day, Xiao Wang finally had a chance to find Xiao Li and asked, "You and I are disciples. Why is it so easy to learn? " Xiao Li smiled and whispered in his ear, "Brother, you don't understand this. In today's society, relations are valued, not technology.
Many relatives are senior officials. I see many important people with him these days. He also said that when he became the director, he would promote me to be the deputy director. It is common sense to have connections and good interpersonal relationships, understand? "Xiao Li patted Xiao Wang on the shoulder and strolled away. Xiao Wang went back and told Master Zhang that Master Zhang was furious: "Common sense? Bullshit common sense! Nowadays, everyone talks about relationships, and everyone climbs relationships, which breeds a lot of unlearned moths and leads to the real talents being buried! Don't listen to his nonsense What the country needs is technology and talents. Only with excellent technology can there be a future. This is common sense.
Study hard. "Wang nodded and continued to get up early and get up early every day.
The end of the training one year later coincided with the country's need for high-tech talents. Excellent master Zhang became the factory director, which set off an upsurge of "learning solid technology to serve the country" in the factory. Xiao Wang graduated smoothly with excellent theoretical results and excellent technical operation, and was promoted to senior technician with a monthly salary of over 10,000 yuan. As for section chief Xu, because his relatives were arrested for taking bribes, he could not be laid off without practice.
Xiao Li miscalculated his wishful thinking and had to start an apprentice again. The factory has assigned another master to Xiao Li. On the day of training, Xiao Li was surprised to see Xiao Wang coming.
Murphy? "Yes, I am your teacher," Xiao Wang whispered near his ear. "I also want to tell you that you only have the real thing, practical learning, and have a future. This is common sense, understand? " Xiao Wang patted Xiao Li on the shoulder, looked at Xiao Li's stupefied appearance and smiled happily. The text guide provided by the title has at least three meanings: the first sentence means that our life can not be separated from "common sense", which contains a meaning-don't live without attaching importance to common sense.
The second sentence has at least two meanings. First, although common sense is universal and well known, sometimes knowing it may not be possible. If someone does not play cards according to common sense, this is one of the manifestations of "difficulty"; Second, sometimes some common sense shows its irrationality with the development of science and culture, so we must break common sense, keep pace with the times and innovate. It is worth noting that there is an ellipsis at the end of this sentence, indicating that there are other possibilities.
Style can be fictional.
3. Financial application writing
The characteristic of this course is to systematically teach all kinds of common official documents, business documents, business documents, letters, legal documents and so on. In daily life and work, their stylistic knowledge, characteristics, writing rules and requirements, etc. Through model essay analysis and exercise evaluation, students can have a deeper understanding and understanding of applied article writing; In order to lay a good foundation for cultivating applied talents and adapt to the requirements of the future society, we should establish a writing consciousness with obvious characteristics such as strong practicability, fixed writing mode and standardized writing in our minds.
Second, the teaching purpose and basic requirements of the course
The course of Financial Practical Writing is a combination of theory and practice, which not only learns theoretical knowledge, but also masters writing skills. Through self-study and counseling, students can fully grasp the writing knowledge of various styles, understand their characteristics, functions and writing requirements, analyze articles with what they have learned, publish personal comments on articles, and more importantly, have the writing ability to write various standardized and applied articles.
The unity of theory and practice is the guiding principle of this course. Knowledge, practicality and application can only be put into practice in the process of reading works, analyzing articles and writing training. Therefore, in the teaching of this course, we must pay close attention to three links.
1. Strengthen the study of theoretical knowledge of various stylistic articles, broaden your horizons, accumulate knowledge, reasonably improve your understanding of applied article writing, and lay a solid theoretical foundation for writing applied articles in the future;
2. It is a good way to improve students' writing ability by strengthening the reading and analysis of examples, guiding students to read more works, analyzing more works and asking students to use the theoretical knowledge they have learned to guide reading and analysis. Through this link, students' reading and analysis ability can be cultivated, and they can have both perceptual knowledge and rational analysis of various applied articles;
3. Strengthen the combination of speaking and practicing. The main thing here is to write more, practice more and explain more. In the process of writing, practice and evaluation, students learn methods, skills and formal abilities, so as to master all kinds of practical writing skillfully.
Third, the relationship with other courses in this major
Financial Practical Writing is a specialized course for students of this major. The content of the course is to learn both theoretical knowledge and writing ability. It is a course that pays equal attention to both theoretical knowledge and ability, aiming at cultivating students' practical writing ability. It not only serves other courses but also reflects the comprehensive learning results of other courses, and is the "touchstone" to test students' professional quality and working ability.
In a word, strengthening the study and training of basic knowledge, basic theory, reading ability, analytical ability and writing ability is the concrete realization of the unity of theory and practice in the teaching of this course. We should make more efforts in our study, encourage more reading, reading and writing, strive for intensive reading and practice, and effectively improve students' ability to write applied articles.
Fourth, the course content and class time allocation.
This course is ***36 hours, that is, 2 hours per week.
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4. The theoretical reading answers of consciousness and unconsciousness
Ma A's Marxist V admits that 4 is 0, and the essence of consciousness lies in that from the perspective of 6, it is the product of the development of nature in the long period of 1. In essence, consciousness is the reflection of objective things. Freud believed that 4 is 0, consciousness is divided into 2 points and 6 points, and there are three types of I: non-V consciousness, consciousness and superconsciousness. Seven points correspond to three V-type B cases, namely ID, ego and superego. No-Z consciousness (or subconscious) is a kind of Z energy, which is produced by the natural desire of person Y, embodied in the behavior of person E, and suppressed by society. So in terms of consciousness, there is a big difference in L between the two. A person B thinks that 7 is 0, and Ma T-kessism B emphasizes the relationship between consciousness and G substance. From the generation and essence of 8 consciousness, they all emphasize the decisive role of matter and are very philosophical. Freud, on the other hand, emphasized the structure and principle of consciousness from the perspective of four minds and four minds, and explained and treated the symptoms of eight minds and eight minds through these structures and principles. If a z must say the same thing between the two, the big m is probably that O embodies L in the anti-2 of things, but the reason is not enough.
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5. Summary of Chinese reading comprehension knowledge
Narrative reading knowledge and skills 1. What is the genre of the article? This article is one: poetry, novel, prose (lyric prose, narrative prose), script, expository essay and argumentative essay. Narrative? The time, place, person, reason, process and result of the incident. 3. Find a topic sentence? Look for lyric sentences in the first or last paragraph.
Four. Content of the article (center)? Methods: Look at topics, people (events) and events, and make a comprehensive induction. Format: This article narrates (describes and explains) ... and displays (praises and reveals). ...
5. What are the characteristics of material organization? Select typical events closely surrounding the center, and carry out appropriate clipping and detail processing. Are intransitive verbs hierarchical? (1) Divide by time (find the phrase indicating time) (2) Divide by place (find the phrase indicating place) (3) Divide by the development process of things (find every event) (4) Total score (cut from the beginning to the end) Seven. Narrative clues and their functions? Clues: (1) key people (2) key things (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) the author's emotional function: it runs through the context of the whole text, organically connecting the characters and events in the text, and making the article coherent.
Eight. Draw up a title for this article. Find the clue or center of the article: (1) the core people (2) the core things (3) the core events (6) the author's feelings. 9. Fill in the reading card.
Find the original text as required, and then fill it in. Pay attention to the title, author, publishing house and other items of the original text (sometimes in brackets).
10. Narrative sequence and its function? (1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, and it is clear and impressive to read. (2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before. )
Function: arouse suspense, attract readers, avoid dull narration and enhance the vividness of the article. (3) insert (interrupt the clue when telling, and insert another related thing. )
Function: complement and set off the plot, enrich the image and highlight the center. 1 1. Language features? Choose from the following sentences by combining context and rhetorical methods: vivid, fresh and beautiful, concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology and strong in rhythm.
Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with specific sentences. 12. Writing skills and functions? (1) personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify things, and thus achieve vivid images.
(2) The role of metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth. (3) The role of exaggeration: highlighting the characteristics of people or things, revealing the essence, and giving readers a clear and strong impression; (4) Symbolic function: to give specific meaning to the things described, to express the feelings of ... and to enhance the expressive force of the article.
(5) The role of contrast: through contrast, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article. (6) Set-off (side contrast): Set off the main person or thing with the secondary person or thing, and highlight the characteristics, personality, thoughts and feelings of the main person or thing.
(7) The function of satire: Use metaphor, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen profundity and criticism, and make the language spicy and humorous. (8) The role of wanting to promote before restraining: first belittle and then praise the object described, contrast the context, highlight the object written, and receive unexpected and touching results.
(9) Before and after the reference function (echo from beginning to end): make the plot complete, the structure rigorous, and the center prominent (10). Set the suspense function: arouse readers' attention and thinking, arouse readers' interest in reading, and make the plot tortuous. 13. Rhetoric methods and functions (1) Metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth. (2) personification: endowing things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, and personalizing things, so as to achieve vivid images.
(3) Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression. (4) Parallelism: the organization is clear, the rhythm is distinct, the language potential is enhanced, and it is longer than lyric.
(5) Duality: the form is neat, the phonology is harmonious, and they set off each other and complement each other. (6) Repetition: emphasizing a certain meaning, strong lyricism and appeal.
(7) Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, attract attention and inspire thinking. (8) rhetorical question: clear attitude, strong tone and strong lyricism.
Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with related sentences. 14. What are the meanings and functions of specific words? Methods: According to the original meaning of the word, explain the meaning of the text (extended meaning, figurative meaning, pun meaning) and find out the specific content it refers to (make the unclear clear; Reduce metaphors and symbols).
Format: The word "* *" originally means …, and here means …, playing the role of …. 15. What does this sentence mean? Grasp the key words, analyze their characteristics and significance, and then explain them in context.
(Method as above) XVI. What is the function of sentences in structure? (1) connecting the preceding with the following (2) opening, leading down (3) connecting the preceding with the following (transition) (4) paving the way for the following (5) managing the preceding (beginning) seventeen. Expression? Narration, discussion, explanation, lyric, description 18. What is the role of discussion in narrative? Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point. 19. What is the role of lyricism in narrative? Express the author's sincere and profound feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.
20. What are the types and functions of the description? (1) Character description (2) Appearance description (3) Manner description (4) Action description (5) Language (dialogue) description (7) Psychology description (8) Scenery description (9) Scene description (10) Environment description (1/kloc) Twenty-two kinds of prose? (1) Narrative Prose (2) Lyric Prose XXIII. What kind of novel? Novels, novellas, short stories and short stories 24. What are the three elements of a novel? People, environment and plot 25. What are the types and functions of the environment? (1) Natural environment: Explain the time and place of the story and the space for the characters' activities, and set off the emotions of the characters.
(2) Social environment: explain the social background and characteristics of the times, contrast the characters' character, promote the plot development and reveal the theme of the article. 26. What parts does the plot consist of? (Introduction) Start, develop, * * *, end.
6. Please explain the relationship between knowledge and morality with the reading materials.
Are you also making Bibo?
(1) Good knowledge and culture can promote ideological and moral cultivation. Improving the level of knowledge, culture and theory is helpful to consciously establish correct ideological and moral concepts, enhance the ability to distinguish right from wrong, make rational behavior choices and develop good behavior habits.
(2) Strengthening ideological and moral cultivation can promote knowledge and culture cultivation. Improving ideological and moral understanding is helpful to enhance the consciousness of learning and master more scientific and cultural knowledge; Only in this way can we use our knowledge to benefit the society.
(3) Morality and knowledge literacy are inseparable. Morality urges people to learn knowledge and culture, and knowledge in turn further improves people's morality, and the two promote each other.
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