Abstracts of scientific papers can be roughly divided into reportable abstracts, indicative abstracts and reportable/indicative abstracts. A reportable abstract is a concise summary of the topic scope and content outline of the paper, which is equivalent to an introduction. It is generally used to reflect the purpose, methods, main results and conclusions of scientific papers, provide readers with as much qualitative or quantitative information as possible within a limited number of words, and fully reflect the innovation of research.
Indicative abstract is a summary of the theme of the paper and the nature and level of the results obtained. Its purpose is to give readers a general understanding of the main content of the study (that is, what the author has done). Abstracts of papers with less innovative content can be written as indicative abstracts, which are generally suitable for academic journals' briefings, topic discussions and technical journals. The "purpose" of the indicative abstract should be written in detail, and the rest can be simply written or omitted.
The report/indicative summary is the most valuable part of the paper in the form of report summary, and the rest is expressed in the form of indicative summary. Information and critical papers are generally suitable for writing reports/indicative abstracts.
No matter what kind of abstract you write, it can't be written as an introduction, nor can it contain self-evaluation. Instead, it should be a complete and independent essay, containing the same main information as the main text, including the research purpose, methods, results, conclusions and information that the author thinks is important. For the report summary, the methods and results should be explained in detail, and other aspects can be slightly explained or omitted according to the specific situation. In addition, writing abstracts of scientific papers should also pay attention to the following issues:
1. The abstract is located under the title, author (including work unit, detailed address and postcode), keywords and above the text. The details of the paper should be determined according to the content, type, subject field, information amount, length, language, difficulty in obtaining and actual needs. Some authors do not pay attention to distinguish the types of abstracts, and blindly write abstracts according to the understanding that "long articles are long and short articles are short", which is wrong.
2. The content of the abstract should be highly concentrated, and don't simply repeat the existing information in the title. But in fact, the abstracts of papers written by some authors are just an extended title without any new information, which obviously has no information value.
3. Try to use reportage style, focusing on the content of the article and the author's point of view, without listing formulas, charts, chemical structures and abbreviations, abbreviations and codes that are still difficult for neighboring professional readers to clearly understand. If it is really necessary, it must be explained when the abstract first appears.
4. It is not appropriate to use the chapter number, drawing number, table number, formula number and reference contribution number listed in the paper.
Don't write anything that has become common sense or popular science knowledge in this field (except technical lectures). It should not appear in the abstract (including the text) such as "well-known" that has become the common sense of this industry.
6. Be concise, get to the point and explain the main problems. You should use more sentences without a subject, and sometimes even the predicate can be omitted. There is no need to start with "This article reported …" and "This report studied …". Since it is the abstract of this article, it certainly refers to "this article".
7. Accurate words, rigorous structure, concise expression, fluent sentences and independent paragraphs. The writing should be grammatical, keep the logical relationship of the context, and try to be consistent with the style of the text to avoid vague comments and ambiguous conclusions.
8. Write in the third person. Sentences such as "experimental research on …", "reported the present situation of …" and "investigated …" should be adopted, and the first person such as "this article", "author", "we" and "our factory" should not be used as the subject.
9. To objectively and truly reflect the full text, without any comments, comments, opinions, comparisons and examples. Some authors like to add self-evaluation at the end of the abstract, and readers will make an objective evaluation of the content of the article.
10. Use legal units of measurement to correctly write standard words and punctuation marks.
1 1. Well-known countries, institutions and special terms should be abbreviated or abbreviated as much as possible.
12. It is necessary to add scientific names to the mentioned commodity names.
13. The language of the abstract should be standardized, logical and rhetorical, and rhetorical statements such as exaggeration and personification should not be used; Use technical terms, not dialects or proverbs. The abstract cannot be written as an editor's note.
14. The author should provide English abstracts and pay attention to writing in the third person passive voice. The English abstract is located at the bottom of the Chinese abstract, with about 250 English content words, and the number of words can be slightly more under special circumstances.
15. The standard writing is "abstract", but it cannot be written as "abstract" or "abstract".