First, the role of plant landscape in commercial pedestrian street
The function of plant landscape in commercial pedestrian street is different due to different classification, which is summarized as follows:
(1) Practical functions. The plant landscaping of commercial pedestrian street adopts a variety of plants, including tall trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, etc., which have the functions of shading, dust retention, cooling, noise reduction, humidification and air purification. Especially in hot summer, the broad umbrella crown of tall trees blocks the strong solar radiation and heat energy. Under the shade of trees, pedestrians in the street fully appreciate the plants' consideration for human nature. It can be seen that the rational use of plants can adjust, alleviate and make up for the adverse effects brought by modern urban construction.
(2) Aesthetic function. The plant landscaping of commercial pedestrian street is not only a combination of garden plants and artificial artistic creation, but also a combination of physical environment and humanities, which integrates natural beauty, artistic beauty and social beauty and meets people's aesthetic needs. Scientific and reasonable plant landscaping has a natural, harmonious and high-grade beautification effect on urban commercial pedestrian streets, which can soften the cold, monotonous and rigid straight lines of modern urban buildings and give people natural, quiet and artistic enjoyment.
(3) Adjustment function. Human beings come from nature and have the nature of being close to nature. The rapid modernization of urban construction has caused physical and mental imbalance of people who are far away from nature. Beautiful green garden landscape can not only satisfy people's visual enjoyment, but also meet people's psychological and physiological needs. Scientific verification shows that green plants have a calming effect on people's psychology, relax the central nervous system and regulate people's whole body through it. Often in a beautiful and quiet green environment, it can reduce the skin temperature by 1~2℃, reduce the pulse by 4~8 times at 1 min, breathe slowly and evenly, slow down the blood flow, reduce the burden on the heart and enhance the sensitivity of people's sense of smell, hearing and thinking activities. In addition, the color and fragrance of flowers are also very beneficial to people's physical and mental health. For example, light blue flowers have a calming effect on patients with high fever; Safflower can increase the appetite of patients; Green flowers and leaves can absorb ultraviolet rays in the sun and reduce irritation to the eyes; The fragrance of jasmine can make people feel tired and refreshed. The theory of "green viewing rate" holds that if green occupies 25% of people's field of vision, it can relieve eye and psychological fatigue and make people's spirit and psychology most comfortable.
(4) Economic function. The beautiful and comfortable plant landscaping of the commercial pedestrian street will make the commercial pedestrian street more attractive, gather more people, increase passenger flow, increase commodity sales, and make merchants gain more rich commercial profits, thus making the commercial pedestrian street more commercial. As a result, it will attract more real estate developers, developers and investment operators, and make finance, insurance, securities, corporate headquarters and foreign consular offices live here, thus promoting the economic prosperity of the city.
Second, the problems existing in the plant landscape design of commercial pedestrian street today
There are many limitations in the plant landscape design of today's commercial pedestrian street, which can be summarized as follows:
(A) The practical function of plant landscaping in pedestrian street has not been paid enough attention. The planning and designers of commercial pedestrian streets often pay more attention to the beautification function of plants and neglect the practical function when planning and designing gardens. This concept often affects the choice of plant species and the design of plant landscaping, and it is difficult to truly reflect the design idea of "people-oriented", which leads to the beautiful landscape design of many pedestrian streets now, but in summer, the whole street is still exposed to the sun, which fails to play a good role in shading, adjusting temperature and humidity and purifying the air.
(2) The factory layout design is unreasonable. First, the ratio of non-plant landscape to plant landscape is unreasonable. At present, there are too many non-plant landscape designs in some commercial pedestrian streets, such as waterscapes, small bridges, strange rocks, pavilions and hard-core art sketches, which make the already narrow space more crowded, but the amount of greening is less; Second, the plant layout is unreasonable, chaotic and without theme, which is reflected in the selection and collocation of plant species and landscape design. Many plants, especially trees, are surrounded by low shrubs or masonry guardrails, making it difficult for tourists to get close to the plants and enjoy the coolness of the shade. Obviously, its design lacks real humanistic care. Commercial pedestrian street is a place where people are concentrated. Its roads are already narrow, which is not suitable for planting plants one after another. There are too many forbidden areas for tourists. Its design should be based on "points and lines" and decorated with few but small "faces". In order to leave more activity space for tourists, make people and plants integrate into one, and truly reflect the "harmony between man and nature".
(3) The plant configuration is unreasonable. In the landscaping design of some commercial pedestrian streets, there are fewer trees, more flowers and shrubs, and less greening, which reduces its ecological adjustment function. Moreover, in the selection of tree species, more attention is paid to novelty, strangeness and expensiveness, without considering the practical function or even whether it is suitable for local growth conditions, which leads to the death and poor growth of some planted trees, which can not reflect their original appearance, and it is even more difficult to realize their beautification and practical functions. For example, palm trees are widely planted in Chongqing. It is also popular to plant "bald trees", that is, to spend huge sums of money to transplant ancient trees from remote mountainous areas. In order to survive transplanting, almost all branches and leaves are cut off, leaving only some trunk and secondary branches, forming a "bald tree" to transplant ancient trees and improve the grade and taste of garden design. Most of these trees are difficult to survive. Even if they can survive, it is difficult to restore their majestic posture in the original place of growth, and it is even more difficult to receive the effect of lush foliage and shady trees. Most of them can only be appreciated as living tree carvings, and it is difficult to play an ecological adjustment role. In addition, the plant species are monotonous and the seasonal changes are small. It is not suitable to plant lawns or too many shrubs and flowers in pedestrian streets, because planting trees can get more green than the first two plants in the same unit area. Trees are superior to lawns in oxygen production, soil and water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity protection. Therefore, in the urban commercial pedestrian street with concentrated people and narrow space, it is suitable for a variety of trees to develop into the air and make three-dimensional greening in order to obtain the maximum green amount in a limited space.
3. Suggestions on plant landscape design of commercial pedestrian street
Facing the upsurge of commercial pedestrian street construction in China, I put forward the following views on its plant landscape design:
(1) Suggestions on plant configuration of commercial pedestrian street. The plant configuration of urban commercial pedestrian street should be dominated by tall trees, supplemented by shrubs and grass flowers, dominated by native tree species, appropriately matched with excellent exotic tree species, and pay attention to the collocation of tree species with different leaf colors. This can not only increase the amount of green, shade and cool down, give full play to its practical functions, but also enrich the variety and color changes of plants and meet people's aesthetic needs. In the selection of tree species, according to the local climate, ecological conditions, history and culture, we should grasp the principle of adapting trees to the right place, highlight local characteristics and reflect local context. Choose tree species that are easy to plant and survive, with wide leaves, large green content, large crown and good shading effect. For example, in Chongqing, Castanopsis fissa is the most ideal tree species, which is characterized by strong vitality, fast growth, wide leaves, moderate leaf size and density, ventilation under the tree, open crown, large shade area and beautiful branch crown. With the accumulation of time, it gradually reveals the classical charm, as if telling people that long-standing story, giving birth to different feelings and showing great affinity with people. It was chosen as the city tree by Chongqing citizens. As the main tree species of pedestrian street, it can also reflect local characteristics. You can choose some local evergreen fruit trees as decoration, such as rutaceae plants such as red orange, orange, grapefruit, lemon and so on. You can observe both leaves and fruits, and spring flowers and autumn fruits can best reflect seasonal changes. You can also choose some fragrant flower trees such as osmanthus fragrans and magnolia to decorate. Whenever fragrant flowers are in full bloom, Gui Xiang, with its sweet fragrance, is refreshing and makes visitors feel relaxed and happy. As for exotic rare tree species, just decorate them properly and enrich the landscape. Appropriate allocation of shrubs and grass flowers, in order to enrich the layering, increase color, give movement and change, while considering the fragrance. For example, in Chongqing, you can choose smiling face, twigs, fragrant rose, charcoal in the snow, Ligustrum lucidum, Buxus microphylla, hibiscus, azalea, tulip, sunflower, marigold, cockscomb, impatiens, pansy, cosmos, longevity, primrose, Petunia, lily, colorful grass and so on.
(2) Suggestions on plant design of commercial pedestrian street. Adhere to the "people-oriented" design idea, first consider practical functions, and then consider beautification functions. Let pedestrians get in close contact with plants, especially tall trees. In terms of plant landscaping, it should not only be different from street trees in traffic roads, but also be unified and mechanical, and also be different from the complexity of parks, because the commercial pedestrian street has a large flow of people and limited space. The characteristics of "pedestrian street" should be highlighted in the design. According to the width of the street, 2~4 rows of tall broad-leaved trees with beautiful crown, large shade coverage and evergreen are planted in the longitudinal middle of the road. Make it a road. Can be used with a variety of tree species. Its trees should be planted sparsely, leaving enough room for growth, so as to fully display its personality beauty and leave more space for pedestrians. Set a circle of exquisite and beautiful wooden or granite seats around each tree, so that the seats can be hidden in the shade for tourists to take a nap. In the direction of tall trees along the street or on both sides of the street, that is, near the facade of shops along the street, shrubs and grass flower beds can be designed occasionally. The area and length of flower beds should not be too long, so as not to hinder tourists from walking or entering and leaving the store. Its flower stand can be made of brick or wood. In addition to common plants, you can also plant a smile in the center of the flower bed, and plants with fragrance such as twigs and gardenias can be planted around the flower bed as short fences. The gorgeous grass flowers in the flower bed should be planted in plastic pots in the flower bed and placed in the flower bed, which changes with the seasons and leaves no viewing space, so that the street anniversary becomes colorful, festive and warm. It contrasts with the trees in the street, and it is quiet and dynamic, which shows its practical and beautification functions.
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