Abstract: With the rapid development of construction industry and the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, clean energy-solar energy has been widely used in modern architecture. In view of this, this paper mainly combines the technical characteristics and application advantages of solar energy, and specifically discusses the application methods of solar energy in building energy conservation, aiming at alleviating the current energy shortage situation, constantly enriching the technical content of modern building energy conservation, and thus creating a conservation-oriented society.

Keywords: building energy-saving technology; Solar energy; Advantages; App application

Environmental pollution and energy shortage are important challenges facing the world today, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of society and economy. With the gradual improvement of people's quality of life, building energy consumption intensifies. The development direction of modern construction industry lies in finding new energy in time and applying it to building energy-saving design. As a kind of renewable energy, solar energy has been widely used in the energy-saving design of modern buildings.

1 Characteristics, application advantages and necessity of solar energy technology

1. 1 technical characteristics of solar energy

Solar energy is a new and renewable energy, which has incomparable functional characteristics with other energy sources.

1) universality. China is rich in solar energy resources. More than two-thirds of the country's areas have annual sunshine of more than 2,200 hours, so solar energy resources can be utilized to the maximum extent [1].

2) no pollution. Non-renewable energy sources such as oil and coal are easy to form waste residue and harmful toxic gases when burning, which causes serious pollution to the environment. The utilization of solar energy resources will not pollute the environment and will not form harmful gases.

3) security. Once a safety accident occurs in nuclear power generation, it will cause serious pollution to the environment and form an ecological environment crisis. Solar power generation is completely different, its reliability and safety will not pollute the environment.

4) inexhaustible. The energy released by the internal fission of the sun belongs to solar energy. In the long development process of 1 1 100 million years, the sun's energy consumption does not exceed 20% [2]; Therefore, compared with the short life span of human beings, solar energy resources are inexhaustible.

1.2 Application advantages of solar energy

1) Full of energy. Through the research of relevant experts, it is found that during the long 1 1 billion years, the sun only consumes about 20% of its own energy. At the same time, the supply of solar energy resources on the earth can guarantee the use for billions of years or even longer, and it is inexhaustible.

2) Wide application space. The application of solar energy resources will not be limited by regional factors. Solar energy can be developed and applied anywhere on the earth without means of transportation, which provides great convenience for rural and mountainous areas with backward traffic conditions. China, located in the eastern part of the northern hemisphere, is rich in solar energy resources.

3) Safe and environmentally friendly use. As a kind of clean energy, solar energy has great convenience in use. In the process of using and developing solar energy, harmful gases, waste residue, waste water, etc. It will not form or produce noise pollution, thus maintaining the balance of the ecological environment and reducing environmental pollution.

1.3 the necessity of applying solar energy to building energy-saving technology

With the deepening of reform and opening up, people's quality of life has improved rapidly, and the wide application of hot water shower equipment has been realized. In building energy consumption, the energy consumption of domestic hot water accounts for a large proportion; Because gas water heaters and electric water heaters consume too much coal and oil resources, they are facing a tense situation of energy shortage. Solar water heater belongs to the most mature and perfect technology in China's construction industry, which can effectively solve the problem of using domestic hot water in some residential buildings.

Practical application analysis of solar energy in building energy-saving technology

2. 1 solar air conditioning

Solar air conditioning, which mainly uses solar energy as power source to realize the normal operation of air conditioning; Its working principle is mainly divided into two aspects, namely absorption refrigeration technology and adsorption refrigeration technology.

1) absorption refrigeration technology. The refrigeration work can be carried out through the evaporation and absorption functions of the absorbent. According to different absorbents, it can be divided into lithium bromide absorption refrigeration and ammonia absorption refrigeration. The solar collector is mainly used to collect solar energy to form hot air and hot water, so that the solar hot air or solar hot water can replace the boiler hot water input into the refrigerator, and then the refrigeration work can be carried out. Considering the cost, technology and efficiency, it is necessary to ensure that the size of the refrigerator is reasonable and not too small. Therefore, the solar air conditioning system with absorption refrigeration technology is widely used in central air conditioning, and its scale is relatively large.

2) Adsorption refrigeration technology. Refrigeration is realized by the adsorption of refrigerant by solid adsorbent, and molecular sieve-water and activated carbon-methanol adsorbate refrigeration technologies are widely used. As can be seen from the above discussion, under the background of the continuous maturity and perfection of building energy-saving technology, solar air conditioning plays a particularly key role in building energy-saving projects.

2.2 solar water heater

In people's daily life, solar water heaters are widely used, and corresponding domestic hot water can be obtained through solar water heaters. The full use of solar water heaters can effectively alleviate the shortage of building energy and save building energy to the maximum extent [3]. For example, a residential district installed solar energy heating system in the central hot water system to provide hot water for four residential buildings and 1 office buildings in the residential district. After the installation work is completed, the sunrise water volume is relatively stable. Through the application of solar water heaters, the community saved about 654.38 million yuan in 1 year.

2.3 solar power generation

Using solar cells and the photovoltaic characteristics of semiconductor interface, photovoltaic power generation can realize the direct conversion from light energy to electric energy. After the solar cells are connected in series, they can be packaged and protected to form a large-area solar cell module, which can be combined with power control equipment to form a photovoltaic power generation device. Photovoltaic industry should combine its rich development experience, appropriately expand production capacity and production scale, and reduce costs. Among them, the cost of power generation needs to be reasonably budgeted with specific reference to economic service life, overall system price, interest rate, operating cost, maintenance and insurance cost. At present, the engineering lighting system of modern residential quarters in China mostly uses solar power generation as auxiliary power supply. Through solar power generation, energy consumption is reduced to a certain extent, and the influence of solar radiation energy is reduced, thus realizing the optimization and protection of the ecological environment. In addition, the main content of solar thermal power generation is to directly convert solar radiation energy into heat energy, and then use the heat energy to generate electricity, which is also widely used in building energy-saving technology.

2.4 Solar biogas technology

There are many forms of solar energy conversion, among which plant straw is one of the important forms. It can be regarded as one of the application means of solar energy in modern building energy-saving technology to realize the lighting and heating activities of buildings and build an integrated solar constant temperature biogas digester system. Solar biogas technology has been widely used in rural areas of China, and its working principle is embodied in: heating and fermenting by partial solar rays. The analysis of fermentation process shows that the fermenter can work continuously and has a certain scale, and there is little need for auxiliary heating measures. Therefore, it is not difficult to find that the functional advantages of modern solar biogas technology are not lighting and heating functions, but smaller civil engineering, and the construction cost is not high. Under normal circumstances, biogas is widely used in many aspects of production and life activities such as lighting, cooking, preservation, grain storage and power generation. The average biogas digester is 6 cubic meters, which can produce about 1.2 cubic meters of biogas every day, and each cubic meter of biogas is equivalent to 3.3 kilograms of raw coal, which can realize the boiling of water and fully meet the domestic water demand within 1 family 1 day. In addition, biogas can also be used for lighting, and each cubic meter of biogas can keep the lighting time of a biogas lamp within 6 hours. From the application of solar energy in building energy-saving technology, we can see that the proportion of building energy consumption is too large, especially in lighting, heating and air conditioning. The application of solar energy technology in modern building energy-saving design can not only reduce energy consumption, but also protect the ecological environment. The application of solar energy technology in power supply, heating and lighting is helpful to improve the living environment of modern people, such as improving the "heat island effect" caused by greenhouse gas emissions.

3 Conclusion

To sum up, in the modern building energy saving work, solar energy technology has become the key to building energy saving. Although the utilization of solar energy is still in the stage of hot water equipment, there are still problems of high cost and low efficiency in the process of photoelectric conversion. This situation can be effectively improved by the state's strong support for building energy conservation and environmental protection and the great functional advantages of solar energy resources. At the same time, building energy efficiency is an important symbol of modern scientific and technological progress, and the efficient utilization of solar energy resources plays a key role in promoting the sustainable development of the construction industry. Professionals in related fields need to constantly improve new solar energy utilization schemes, technologies and products, strictly follow the principle of "adapting to local conditions" and rationally apply solar energy to provide reliable guarantee for large-scale utilization of solar energy resources in buildings.

refer to

[1] China Energy Storage Network News Center. Distribution of solar radiation resources in China [EB/OL]. com.cn/news/show-124350.html, 2014-4-13.

[2] Liu Tong. Wide application of solar energy in building energy-saving technology [J]. Forest Products Industry, 2015,42 (3): 562-563.

Zhu xuerong Application of solar hot water system [J]. Journal of Chifeng University (Natural Science Edition), 20 13, (5):119-121.

[4] Li Jinping, Ma Sicong and Diao. Green building construction and energy consumption analysis in new countryside [J]. Biogas in China, 2012,30 (6): 28-32.

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