In August 2000, the Institute established the "Research Center for Ancient Civilization" and hired more than 240 first-class experts at home and abroad.
Scholars are academic consultants, members of expert committees and visiting researchers of the Center. These experts are involved in the humanities,
Many disciplines of natural science. In August, 20001year, the ancient civilization research center of China Academy of Social Sciences held the "Ancient China"
The International Symposium on the Origin and Early Development of Contemporary Civilization, attended by more than 65,438+000 experts and scholars at home and abroad, was held in China.
The origin and early development of ancient civilization in China were discussed and exchanged. according to
It is known that a historical archaeological project and a major cultural project "Ancient China" is more vast than the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project"
The "Civilization Traceability Project" has been officially launched, and has been included in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological projects by the Ministry of Science and Technology and allocated.
Special fund. In the spring of 2002, the expert group of "Source Exploration Project" identified four pre-research projects in western Henan and southern Shanxi respectively.
It is the site of Guzhai City and Xinzhai in xinmi city, Henan, the site of Wang Chenggang in Dengfeng and the site of Taosi in southern Shanxi.
Researchers and staff from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and relevant units have successively settled in these Longshan Mountains.
Archaeological excavation and pre-research work of the "China Ancient Civilization Sounding Project" will be carried out in the ancient ruins and ancient city sites. "
The basic task of the China ancient civilization traceability project is: in the Xia, Shang and Zhou chronologies published by the Xia, Shang and Zhou Project,
On the basis of the table, we can go forward 1000 years, which can be traced back to the Yanhuang era (its upper limit is about 5000 years ago).
Implement the usual formulation of China's 5,000-year civilization history. Let me quote Mr. Nie Yi's report "Ancient China Characters" below.
The goal, purpose and task of the Ming Dynasty source exploration project: deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and director of the Institute of Ancient Civilization.
Wang Wei, secretary-general of the research center and general coordinator of the "source exploration project", said: From the Longshan period (from 3000 BC to BC,
The period from 2000 to Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties was the origin and early development period of ancient civilization in China, and it was also the kingship period in ancient China.
And the emergence and initial development period of the country. China's ancient political system, bureaucracy, technology and religion.
Yang, social structure and other aspects have laid the foundation of this period. Wang Wei also said: In China's ancient literature, one
Generally speaking, Huangdi and Yan Di are regarded as the beginning of Chinese civilization, and Chinese at home and abroad also regard Huangdi and Yan Di as China.
The ancestors of this nation. However, the records of Huangdi, Yandi and even Yaoshun and Yu periods in the literature are very brief, and it is still difficult at present.
Think of it as a history of faith. Therefore, from the perspective of archaeology, we discuss the cultural development and society from Huangdi and Yan Di to Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
The progress of society is not only beneficial to inspiring national spirit, carrying forward national excellent cultural traditions and enhancing national cohesion.
Often significant. According to Wang Wei, the main topics involved in the "China Ancient Civilization Tracing Project" are as follows.
Culture and society in the era of the Five Emperors; The relationship between the origin and development of Chinese characters and ancient civilization; Environmental change and civilization
Evolution; A Study on the Origin of the Chinese Nation and the Formation of the Chinese Nation: Ancient Civilization in China and Other Ancient Languages in the World.
Ming comparison. Wang Wei's explanation of the research contents or methods of some major topics is: "culture and society in the period of five emperors."
",textual research on the activity center areas of the Yellow Emperor, Yan Di and Yao Shunyu, and study the archaeological culture of this area and this period.
Appearance and social development, study the relationship between this culture and various archaeological cultures in the surrounding areas; "Environmental change and civilization.
The evolution of ",study the relationship between people and land from Longshan period to Zhou period, and discuss the changes of ecological environment and people in this period.
The relationship between children's lifestyle and the evolution of civilization; Study on the Origin of the Chinese Nation and the Formation Process of the Chinese Nation, distributed to all countries.
The human bones of Yangshao, Longshan and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were successfully discovered and used in the study of physical anthropology and genetics, and compared with each other.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, until modern people's physical characteristics were compared with human genes, the specific method was to extract the legendary Yanhuang.
From 3000 BC to 2000 BC, the genetic genes of ancient humans in the main areas of group activities were related to Xia, Shang and He.
Compare the genetic genes of Zhou people with those of other ethnic groups in the surrounding areas, and compare them with those from Qin and Han Dynasties to modern China.
By comparing human genes and combining the research results of physical anthropology, we can explore the origin of the Chinese nation and even China.
The formation process of the country. This huge academic project also includes many other specific topics and related research topics, among which
There are "collation and research of ancient historical legends from Yanhuang to Yao Shunyu, social structure and family from Longshan to Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties"
Research on the development and change of ethnic organizations. Nie Yi's hasty report also quoted some famous archaeologists in China as saying.
Scholars such as Shi Xingbang believe that the Longshan culture period in archaeology and the Five Emperors period in ancient history and legends are China.
The Formation and Birth Stage of Civilization and Country (Nie Gannu's Where Chinese Civilization Began, Qianlong News Network). China
Li Xueqin, director of the Research Center for Ancient Civilization of the Academy of Social Sciences, held a conference on "The Rise of Ancient Civilization in China" in early August, 2000/KLOC-0.
The International Symposium on Origin and Early Development also said: "A large number of archaeological discoveries show that in the first year of BC,
In three thousand years, all kinds of cultures in China's vast land are undergoing drastic changes, metallurgical technology has been invented, ritual vessels and
Etiquette architecture has appeared, from settlements to cities, from symbols to original characters, and many phenomena,
It reflects that society is moving towards national development. According to the records in the literature, this corresponds to the Secretary of the Five Emperors.
Described the times since the Yellow Emperor. "The above quotation shows that" China ancient civilization traceability project "is based on three things.
Generally speaking, there are clear ideas and assumptions: first, the exploration period of the "source exploration project" was mainly in 3000 BC.
From 2000 BC to 2000 BC, one was the "Longshan era" in archaeology, and the other was the "source exploration project" to explore the "five emperors"
The history, culture and social system of "Dai" are briefly unconfirmed in Sima Qian's Records of the Five Emperors.
Thirdly, scholars have compared the "Longshan Age" in archaeology with the "Five Emperors" recorded in historical books.
Time to get up. Of course, these understandings are not accidental. Second, the mainstream understanding of China's ancient prose in the "Five Emperors Era".
/kloc-After the 1980s, with the climax of prehistoric archaeological excavations in China, the study on the origin of the Ming Dynasty gradually warmed up. solid
Internationally, the "Longshan Age" (3000-2000 years ago) and Yanhuang, Zhuan Xu and Di Ku are called "Five Emperors Age".
Yao and Shun activities correspond to the times and have always been the mainstream understanding and viewpoint in academic circles. Let's quote some pictures below.
Close the discussion for illustrations. Mr. Su 199 1 said in the article "Reflections on Rebuilding the Prehistoric History of China": "
Archaeological discoveries have more and more clearly revealed the background of the activities of the' Five Emperors' in ancient legends, so as to restore the calendar of the legendary era.
History provides conditions,,,,, It can be said that the formation of "China" experienced "China * * *" (that is,
It is equivalent to the Longshan era or the legendary' Five Emperors' era. Cultural exchanges and main articles in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins
Mutual recognition between flora), to the ideal China (political and cultural reorganization of three generations), to the realistic China-
Thai-Han Empire "(Archaeology 199 1No). 12). He wrote in The New Exploration of the Origin of China Civilization (Sanlian Bookstore 1999
In June 2006, the book "Beijing 1 Edition" said: "Liangzhu culture, which started in the middle of the third millennium BC at the latest, is
Between the early and late Five Emperors era, that is, the Zhuan Xu era of Jedi Tiantong (145), "The archaeological discovery is the sun.
Gradually revealed the background of the activities of the' Five Emperors' in ancient legends. The era of five emperors can be divided into five thousand years.
In the latter two stages, the main activity center of the first half, represented by the Yellow Emperor, is within the time and space framework of Yanshan and Hongshan Culture.
, which can correspond to it. Yao Shunyu, the representative figure in the second half of the Five Emperors era, was Yangshao Wen after the flood control.
The intersection of Huamiao geosyncline type and the north and south of Hongshan Culture has produced a series of new cultural factors and combined them into new ethnic groups. they
5000-4000 years ago, other cultural factors came from four directions in the south of Shanxi (mainly the east and southeast).
Once again, the Taosi culture was created, and the' Huaxia' clan centered on Jizhou, the head of Kyushu in Gong Yu.
The foundation of the group. At the same time, from the Central Plains to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the cultural landscape has undergone unprecedented changes in scale and scope.
Culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture.
Group, this is the cultural background of the' Longshan era'. The' Five Emperors Era' can be said to be the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
A very important stage of combination and reorganization "(page 16 1- 162). Visible in the decade of1990s, Sue
Mr. Bing Qi's understanding that the "Longshan era" is equivalent to the "Five Emperors" era in ancient legends is basically stable.
. Mr. Yan Wenming (1989) compared Tai Hao, Chiyou and Da with ancient legends in The Origin of Dongyi Culture.
The culture of Wenkou in the later period was linked together, and the war between Chiyou, Huangdi and Yan Di was also in this period, which was very old.
Not more than 5000 years ago (Cultural Relics No.9, 1989). Mr Yan Wenming wrote an article about China.
According to the Origin of Civilization, the bronze age in China is roughly equivalent to the Five Emperors' age recorded in historical books. He put the copper
Early Shihe period (3500-2600 BC) and Huangdi, Zhuan Xu and Di Ku among the Five Emperors (in addition,
Emperor Yan and Chiyou are regarded as the same period, while the late bronze age (2600- 2000 BC) is likely to be.
It is the Tang Yao era recorded in the literature (cultural relic number 1992 1). 1996, written by Mr. Yan Wenming in China.
The source of the Ming dynasty defines the Longshan period as 3000-2000 years ago, which is characterized by many city sites.
This discovery proves that it was already in a small country with few people at that time, which was consistent with the legendary era of the Five Emperors "(Chinese version).
Things "1996 No. 1); In the same year, Mr. Yan also said in the article "Appearing in China": "Enter the bronze stone.
During the He Yong period (about 3000 BC to 2 100 BC), a series of urban sites appeared in China. The largest of them.
There are 6,543.8+0,000 square meters, most of which are 6,543.8+0-200,000 square meters. This is the age of a small country. According to China's ancient records.
In the era of Huangdi and Yaoshun, it was always said that there were various nationalities or nationalities. Now it seems that these legends are well-founded "("
Archaeology and Cultural Relics (No.1996). 1999 Mr. Yan wrote in Review and Reflection on the Study of the Origin of Civilization.
This paper defines the Longshan era as 2600-2000 years ago, and holds that "the Longshan era should be roughly similar."
The ancient legend of Tang Yao and Yu Shun. According to the records of ancient documents, the Yao-Shun era has already begun to take shape in the imperial court.
Rather than what tribal alliance "("cultural relics "1999 no. 10). Recently, Mr. Yan Wenming released "China First".
The article "Cradle of Oriental Civilization (Abstract)" on the website of Qin history says: "When bronze and stone tools are used together, Longshan.
At that time, urban sites appeared widely in Shandong, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangsu provinces. Represents a new type
It is the center of political, economic and religious activities in a certain region, which is different from the vast rural areas.
Rural areas are connected to form a combination of urban and rural areas, which is essentially different from a society based on clans and tribes.
A brand-new form of social organization. This period is very similar to the legendary Five Emperors era in China ... "In addition, Yan.
199 1 also said in his speech at a seminar in osaka, Japan: "most scholars believe that bronze stone
(including the late Yangshao period to the whole Longshan period) is an important era of the origin of Chinese civilization, which is the same as the legendary Five Emperors era.
Times are generally consistent "(Yan Wenming Archaeology Trend 2 1 century, 168, Sanqin Publishing House, 1997).
165438+ 10 version 1). It can be seen that Mr. Yan Wenming's understanding of the era of the "Five Emperors" has lasted for more than ten years.
Generally speaking, it is also balanced, that is, the upper limit reaches about 3500 years before the late Yangshao culture, and the lower limit is 2000 years before that. plum
Mr. Bo Qian and Mr. Xu Tianjin limited the era of the Five Emperors to the first 3500 years ("Some Opinions on the Study of Ancient Civilization in China")
Imagine ",China First Thai History Network), the same as Mr. Yan Wenming. Mr. Zhang Zhongpei 1997 thinks that "3000 BC"
For two or three hundred years, archaeological culture has been distributed in the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the north and south of Yanshan Mountain and the West Liaohe River Basin.
People have crossed the threshold of civilization. He said: "Before the Xia Dynasty, such as the Yaoshun era or the Tang Yu era, it was equivalent to
Archaeological Longshan period, or a part of it "(Zhang Zhongpei, Outline of the Formation of Ancient Civilization in China, Archaeology)
As well as the cultural relic "1997No. 1", he recently published "I am interested in Chinese civilization" on "China Sendai Historical Network".
Point understanding also holds the same view. 199 1 year, the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held an China in Beijing.
Seminar on the origin of ancient civilization. Mr. Guo Dashun said at this meeting: "... China's early national stage has crossed.
Yue is about 5500-4500 years ago, that is, from the late Yangshao culture to the early Longshan culture, which is exactly equivalent to five in ancient legends.
The age of the emperor. According to records, there were frequent wars and contacts between factions in the Five Emperors era, and the famous Huangdi and Chiyou fought in Zhuolu.
The activities of the main representatives in the northern region in the early days of the Five Emperors and the important places of contact between the north and the south in the ancient history of China reflected by the wild land.
And the gathering of the five emperors from all over the country to the Central Plains in the later period are consistent with the situation reflected by the above archaeological culture.
The organic combination of archaeological culture and ancient legends is becoming a symbol of further study on the origin of Chinese civilization. "
Mr. Sun Shoudao said: "According to various archaeological discoveries in several major river basins in China, it is not difficult to infer that it was at least 4,000 years ago.
About 5000 years ago, that is, the legendary' Five Emperors' era, the first civilization appeared on the land of China.
The trend of education, overlapping, east and west reflecting each other, the historical trend of north-south intersection ... "Mr. Zheng Guang also said in his speech:
"From the Taosi site to the whole Longshan culture in the Central Plains, it embodies Shangshu Yaodian, Gong Yu, Zuo Zhuan and Zuo Zhuan.
Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records and other documents about the basic historical and political territory since the Yellow Emperor are correct "(both
See the Summary of the Seminar on the Origin of Civilization in China, No.6 Archaeology, 1992). 1998, China Social Sciences.
The Archaeological Information Center of the Institute of Archaeology, China Academy of Sciences said in "A Review of Studies on the Origin of Chinese Civilization since199/kloc-0": "Although
But the history of the Five Emperors and the Xia Dynasty came from later generations, and there was no written record to prove it at that time. however
If we compare the archaeological findings and research results of the legendary Five Emperors period with those of Longshan period, especially the Five Emperors period.
Compared with many city sites or central settlement groups in Longshan period, the phenomena of "nationalities" and "nationalities" are as follows
It is of great reference value. Therefore, with the study of the origin of Chinese civilization as the topic, the historical veil of the legendary Five Emperors period was unveiled.
It will be another important academic topic that China archaeological research needs to face today or in the 2 1 century "(archaeology 1998).
No.6, 2006). In 2000, Henan Institute of Archaeology said in the article "Review and Prospect of Henan Archaeology in the Century": "
With the arrival of the new century, the country will continue to carry out the project of tracing the origin of ancient civilization in China, counting five years from the Yellow Emperor in China.
Thousands of years of civilization are clearly before the world. Archaeology, No.2, 2000). 200 1 Cao Guicen
Mr. Wang said in the article "On the Times of the Five Emperors in Ancient China": "Make Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun work together.
It should be said that it is appropriate to be a person in the' Five Emperors' era ... As far as the available information is concerned, we can think of the' Five Emperors' era.
Between 4070 and 4500 years ago. The archaeological culture of this period is Longshan culture, and its carbon fourteen dating (tree ring
The date of correction is 4 100-4900 years ago, and the literature records are consistent with archaeological culture. So, we are looking for.
When looking for the culture of the Five Emperors, we can only look for it in Longshan culture "(huaxia archaeology, No.3, 200 1). 2002
In, Mr. He Yi said in the article Methodology of Literature and Archaeology: "Shijiahe culture with fangs and jade faces is very popular.
(Sanmiao) and Liangzhu culture were the southern rivals of Longshan culture in the central plains of Henan Province during the Longshan period. These two strong men.
The culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River may be combined into the so-called Chiyou Group, which has a great influence on the Huangdi Group in the Central Plains (including Dongyi in the lower reaches of the Yellow River).
Shandong Longshan culture) attack, which is often referred to in the literature as' Miao insurrection' and' Chiyou insurrection', is possible.
Deducted into the legendary battle between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou. The result is a crushing defeat for Chiyou, which is reflected in Shijiahe and Liangzhu in archaeology.
The rapid decline of culture "(huaxia archaeology, 2002 1 issue). The above examples show that in the ancient civilization of China.
During the decade around 1990, the research and exploration on the origin was extremely active, and the archaeological community believed that the "Longshan era" was related to ancient times.
The legendary "Five Emperors Era" corresponds to the "Five Emperors Era" about 5000-4000 years ago (individual recognition
The upper limit of dating is 5500 years ago), which has always been the mainstream knowledge in academic circles, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 1998.
The Archaeological Information Center summarized the research on the origin of Chinese civilization since 199 1, as well as the Soviet Union and others.
The arguments held by Mr. Zhang Zhongpei and Mr. Li illustrate this problem. But outside this mainstream understanding,
There is also a non-mainstream understanding, which does not exist conspicuously (for the convenience of discussion, it is only based on personal knowledge and understanding)
Make this distinction between mainstream and non-mainstream for the time being). Third, about the "Five Emperors Era"
Mr. Xu Shunzhan, a senior researcher in Henan Museum, has always believed that the Yellow Emperor era or the "Five Emperors" era.
The age is not limited to the Longshan era, but extends to the Yangshao era. 1992, he published The Age of the Yellow Emperor is China.
The Source of Civilization discusses the concepts, inventions, social forms and the combination with archaeological culture in the era of the Yellow Emperor.
It is believed that the era of the Yellow Emperor should include the middle and late Yangshao culture, Dawenkou culture, Hongshan Culture and Liangzhu early culture (
Academic journal of zhongzhou 1992 1 issue). 1996, Mr. Xu Shunzhan wrote in Re-discussion on Chinese Civilization in the Age of the Yellow Emperor.
The article "Source" holds that there are five signs of the source of civilization in the era of the Yellow Emperor: First, agricultural production cooperatives.
Socialization, second, specialization of handicraft industry, third, stratification of mental work, fourth, tribal chieftain system, fifth, standardization of etiquette system.
. This discussion is also combined with Yangshao culture, Hongshan Culture, Dawenkou culture and Liangzhu culture. discuss
Mr. Xu Shunzhan, the Grand Ceremony of the Yellow Emperor Times, said: "Every archaeological culture or every type of culture has * * *.
Sexual characteristics, especially Yangshao culture, which has lasted for thousands of years and Wan Li, are indispensable in various cultural types.
The neglected * * * is collectively referred to as Yangshao culture. There is no unified law in Dangli. What force prompted it?
It can be said that in the natural form, it is a traditional habitual power form dominated by primitive religious consciousness in a certain range.
This is the primitive ritual system (Archaeology and Cultural Relics, No.4, 1997). Xu Shun 1999
In the article "There is an Era of Five Emperors in the History of China", Mr. Zhan clearly thinks that the era of the Yellow Emperor corresponds to Yangshao culture.
In the middle and late period, there are Miaodigou type and Dahecun type, and "the archaeological culture in Yao and Shun period should belong to Longshan culture".
He believes that the corresponding relationship between the "five emperors" in ancient legends and archaeological culture is: "Miaodigou type and Dahecun type.
Yangshao culture is the culture of Huangdi nationality. Anyang Hougang Longshan Culture is the culture of Zhuan Xu ethnic group. Baiying Longshan culture
Wang Wan-style Longshan culture and Taosi-style Longshan culture are the cultures of three ethnic groups: Yao and Shun. With Songshan as the center
Xinlongshan culture may have pre-Xia culture, but in time, I put it into the culture of Yao and Shun times. With the five emperors
Other Neolithic cultures of the same generation belong to the Five Emperors culture. Such as Dawenkou culture, Hongshan Culture and Dalian.
Xi culture, early Liangzhu culture, Hougang type, Dasikong village type, Xiawanggang type Yangshao culture, etc. other
Longshan culture, Liangzhu culture, Majiayao culture and Xiajiadian lower culture all belong to Zhuan Xu.
Di Ku, Yao and Shun culture ",and according to the Spring and Autumn Life Calendar, the beginning year of the Yellow Emperor era was determined to be 6420 years ago.
Former (Central Plains Cultural Relics 1999 No.2). Can the correspondence between "Five Emperors" and archaeological culture be temporary?
In any case, there is no doubt that Mr. Xu determined the age of the Yellow Emperor in Yangshao rather than Longshan. 200 1,
On the eve of the "China Ancient Civilization Sourcing Project", Mr. Xu Shunzhan published "Research on Yangshao Cultural Settlements in Henan"
The article begins by saying, "I define the framework of the era of the Yellow Emperor as around 6000 years to 5000 years ago.
About, basically corresponding to the middle and late Yangshao culture. I have discussed Yangshao culture in many articles.
It is considered to correspond to Yanhuang culture. Therefore, when it comes to the archaeological culture of the Yellow Emperor era, we should first consider Yang.
Shao culture ",and that" the key areas and central areas of Yangshao cultural settlement group are very clear, and further research is needed in the future.
Studying the culture of the Yellow Emperor era has provided extremely important archaeological data "(Cultural Relics of the Central Plains, No.5, 200 1).
1997 Mr. Huang Huaixin published Yangshao Culture and Primitive Huaxia Tribe-Yanhuang Tribe, which was included in ancient literature.
Combining the two types of Yangshao culture-Banpo type and Miaodigou type, this paper discusses the legend of Yan Guan and Huang Erdi, and holds that "
The two types of Yangshao culture are of the same origin as the ancestors of Yanhuang, and both types are mature and inflammatory.
The origin of Huang is the same, and the two origins are equivalent to Yanhuang. According to these three aspects,
The author infers that "the Banpo type of Yangshao culture is equivalent to Yan Di culture, and the Miaodigou type is equivalent to Huangdi culture."
"。 According to the known Xia culture, the author also draws the same conclusion: to the east of Sanmenxia area, Luoyang and Zhengzhou.
Yangshao culture in this area is considered as one of the types of Miaodigou in the East, because it has many similar factors with Miaodigou.
A variant, so it is "probably a branch of Miaodigou people developing eastward and combining with local residents."
Displayed regional culture. As one of the typical cultural sites in this area, Wangwan site has been developing continuously.
Three periods, the first period belongs to Yangshao culture, the third period belongs to Henan Longshan culture (Wang Wan type), and the second period is transitional.
According to textual research, Erlitou culture, which is directly related to Xia culture, developed from Wang Wan type of Longshan culture in Henan Province.
From here. Yu Xia is a direct descendant of Huangdi clan, so Wang Wan's three phases and even the first phase undoubtedly belong to Huangdi clan.
Change. The first phase of Wang Wan is a variant and belongs to the Yellow Emperor culture, so the type of Miaodigou, as the ontology, naturally belongs to it.
Yellow Emperor Culture (Archaeology and Cultural Relics, No.4, 1997). Mr. Zhang Kai noticed that scholars put five
Compared with archaeological culture, there is a "disagreement", but he still values the era of the Five Emperors.
It was limited to the middle period of Yangshao culture. He said: "We are based on the development of archaeological culture in the Central Plains.
As well as the status changes of the Central Plains civilization in the process of the origin of Chinese civilization, this era can be roughly divided into two stages: first,
The first stage is the middle and late Yangshao culture, 6000 ~ 5000 years ago; The second stage is the Longshan culture period 5000 years ago.
Years to 4000 years "(Sheng" On the Central Position of Ancient Civilization in the Central Plains ",Central Plains Cultural Relics No.6 200 1)
Period). Mr. Wang Dayou divided the "Huangdi Age" into ancestors of Huangdi clan in Xuanyuan (5400-5000 years ago),
Zhuolu Xuanyuan Huangdi Age (45 13-4366 BC), Lingbao Xiong You Huangdi Age (4366-4258 BC),
Xinzheng Jinyun Di Hong Huangdi era (4258- 4 BC140), Fenjin Xuandi Huangdi era (4 140-4049 BC).
In several periods, its birthplace is Xuanyuan Valley, 35 kilometers east of Tianshui, Gansu Province, and the corresponding archaeological culture is mainly
Dadiwan culture, Yangshao culture, Hongshan Culture (Wang Dayou's Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Volume I, pp. 328-322, below
Page 6 12-6 13, China Social Publishing House, May 2000,No. 1 issue). Professor Chen has been in Central University for Nationalities for many years.
He devoted himself to studying the origin of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation, and thought that "the Yellow Emperor originated in the west of Longshan, while Tianshui area was
Nearby is. In the development of Huangdi Group, northern Shaanxi is an extremely important area. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was buried in Qiao Shan after his death. yellow
The emperor is not the private name of a specific historical figure, and the location of his cemetery shows the importance of northern Shaanxi in the development of Huangdi Group.
Another most important activity area of Huangdi Group is Yanshan area. Evidence of group migration from northern Shaanxi to Yanshan area
This has been confirmed by archaeology. The Central Plains culture, represented by Yangshao culture, crosses the Yellow River from the lower reaches of Weishui River and descends along Fenhe River.
River and Sanggan River go north, and Hongshan Culture, north of Yanshan Mountain, meets in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, where Sanggan River and Fenhe River originate.
Together. The collision and communication between the two cultures promoted the dawn of civilization "(Chen, On the Origin of China Civilization
And the basic characteristics of its early development. Mr. Chen's argument shows that he thinks the type of ditch at the temple bottom of Yangshao culture is
It belongs to Huangdi culture, because the culture that collided with Hongshan Culture along Fenhe River and Sanggan River in the north belongs to Miaodigou type. Su bing
Mr. Qi has long discussed this: "Seven thousand to five thousand years ago, it originated from the ditch style of Yangshao Cultural Temple at the foot of Huashan Mountain.