On the Effectiveness of History Classroom Teaching in Junior Middle School
Abstract: Effective teaching is the life of junior middle school history classroom teaching. How to achieve effective teaching, the author tries to talk about his own feelings from the following aspects: creating effective teaching situations, carefully designing questions, and connecting with reality (reality) to make classroom teaching alive.
Keywords: effective teaching; Create a situation; Ask questions seriously; Life teaching
With the deepening of the new curriculum reform, people pay more and more attention to the effectiveness of classroom teaching. How to meet the challenge with high-quality teaching is a common problem faced by every teacher, especially history teachers.
What is the effectiveness of classroom teaching? Professor Yu answered from a professional point of view: the effectiveness of classroom teaching refers to students' acquisition, improvement and progress in learning through classroom teaching activities. The concrete manifestations are as follows: in cognition, students never understand to understand, from knowing less to knowing more, and from learning to learning; Emotionally, I have never liked it, never loved it, never been interested. So how to improve the effectiveness of history classroom teaching? Tell me about my teaching practice in recent years.
First, create an effective teaching situation, so that students can relive history
We all understand the reality that history cannot repeat itself, but can our history classroom teaching create history? Repeat? That's creating effectiveness? Historical context? . There are many ways to create teaching situations. The famous scholar Mr. Wei Zhicheng has the following comments: 1. Play a role.
Experience the situation; 2. Play audio and video rendered scenes; 3. Show the situation related to life; 4. Physical demonstration; 5. Reproduce the situation with pictures; 6. Temper the language to describe the situation; 7. Optimize the situation according to the actual situation. We might as well try it in teaching.
I am teaching? Look after Mao Lu? At this time, role-playing teaching method is used to experience the situation. Before class, I asked five students to play the roles of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and the janitor respectively, explaining to them the content of the performance: how Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang three times, and how Zhang Fei and Guan Yu looked impatient. Finally, Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang and made up a good story. Students write their own lines in combination with the relevant knowledge they usually get from radio and television platforms, and I help them revise them. At the same time, they made a simple set design. While watching the performance, students can experience the hardships of Liu Bei's concern for the great cause. By creating teaching situations, students' interest in learning is stimulated, and students are guided to actively participate in classroom teaching activities, and learning methods are gradually changed from passive acceptance of learning to active inquiry learning.
Second, carefully design questions to make students think.
Balzac said: The key to all science is a question mark. ? In classroom teaching, students' thinking is always determined by the design and generation of problems. The design of the problem should first be enough for students to really open their minds and think seriously; Secondly, let students have certain thinking results, that is, every student can taste the happiness of solving problems through his own efforts. That's it? Question? In order to arouse students' thirst for knowledge and urge them to consciously devote themselves to the exploration of related historical issues. Only in this way can problem design be valuable and classroom teaching be effective.
Study? What is the significance and influence of Voltaire's enlightenment thought? As described in the textbook.
Statement:? The ideological propaganda of Voltaire and others promoted people's ideological emancipation, provided strong support for the emerging bourgeoisie to replace the feudal aristocracy politically, and promoted the social progress in Europe; Many masterpieces of enlightenment thinkers were introduced to China, Japan and other Asian countries, which promoted the ideological emancipation of these countries? . At this time, I will guide students to think? It provided strong support for the emerging bourgeoisie to replace the feudal aristocracy politically. Many works of enlightenment thinkers were introduced to China, Japan and other Asian countries, which also promoted the ideological emancipation of the countries that spread these ideas? . What examples can illustrate this point? At this time, the classroom atmosphere reached a climax, and students, teachers and students discussed with each other to find the answers to these questions, so that students' thinking reached the maximum active state. This not only achieves the teaching purpose, but also stimulates students' enthusiasm for learning history and cultivates their historical thinking ability.
Third, connect with reality to make classroom teaching alive.
John, a famous American educator? Dewey once pointed out that the isolation phenomenon that stifles historical vitality is to separate history from various ways and affairs of current social life. He particularly emphasized that history's knowledge about the past is the key to understanding the present. Obviously, he emphasized the connection between history and reality. Many historical events are closely related to hot current events in real life. Applying the selected hot current events to history classroom teaching can get rid of the time and space restrictions limited by textbooks, let students shuttle through the time and space corridor, and combine ancient and modern, thus expanding the teaching content of history classroom.
Integrating classroom teaching with practice enables students to learn not only historical knowledge, but also news and current affairs, thus helping students to understand and care about state affairs and making the teaching content? Close to student life and society? And then enhance students' sense of the times and mission in history learning.
In short, to improve the effectiveness of history classroom teaching, teachers need to organize teaching according to students' specific conditions, strengthen effective cooperation between teachers and students, fully mobilize students' interest in learning, and strive to enhance students' learning effect, thus effectively improving the effectiveness of history classroom teaching.
An overview of China's ability in modern history.
Modern History of China, a compulsory textbook published by People's Education Publishing House, is novel in style, rich in content, with distinctive national consciousness and characteristics of the times, which embodies the need of cultivating cross-century talents. But this is a set of nothingness? Outline? One of (syllabus)? Ben. Users are still in their infancy. Therefore, front-line teachers feel that it is too difficult and unsuitable, and there are many problems to be solved urgently, including the problem of subject ability. How do I feel about teaching these two years? Summary? Come out, only for criticism and research.
First, the ability to be familiar with important historical facts
This is a primary basic ability of history discipline. It mainly includes: the ability to listen, see and observe, the ability to read (beautifully printed and thoroughly understood raw materials), the ability to remember and the ability to distinguish the role of historical facts. Most of the words and pictures on the pages of textbooks have historical significance, so we should be good at distinguishing their status and functions. This is a kind of ability required by the characteristics of teaching materials. (1) Distinguish between primary content and secondary content; (2) distinguish between what must be stored and? Passing away? ;
(3) Distinguish between basic historical facts and non-basic historical facts. Basic historical facts (points, lines, surfaces and bodies of history are indispensable) must be familiar, solid and accurate. Put in storage? Storage, such as large (text) content, chronology of major events and the most important place names and spaces in historical maps; (4) Distinguish the relativity of basic historical facts. That is, it is a basic historical fact in this historical system, but it is a non-basic historical fact in another big system that can cover it. This is more difficult, so try the key point.
The cultural relics, historical sites and collections owned by the Chinese nation are extremely common, and pictures, videos and materials are extremely rich. We can appropriately develop our ability to visit the countryside in combination with our familiarity with important historical facts.
Second, the ability to understand historical concepts.
The concept of history is abstractly summarized through thinking activities on the basis of historical representation to reflect the essential attributes of historical things. Mastering and applying the concept of history is the starting point of rational understanding of history and the ability of historical thinking? Birthplace? . The concept of history is very important in the discipline ability, and it is also in the basic ability? Foundation? .
1. Single historical concept
This concept is one by one? Historical unit? Textbooks abound. Are there any historical facts? Shizuoka stationed? ,? Beijing Treaty? ,? Battle of Taierzhuang? Wait a minute. Is this subjective? National hero Lin Zexu? ,? Armed regime of workers and peasants? ,? Chinese and foreign? Make up? What's the situation ,? The Fifth Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang? ,? Patriotic United front? Wait a minute.
2. The concept of compound history
It consists of several single historical concepts, also known as concept series. ? Liaoshen campaign? 、? Huaihai campaign? 、? The Battle of Ping Jin? , are three independent single concepts, but their combination becomes? Three major battles? This compound concept. ? Transition period to socialism? This concept combines time. Restore the national economy? 、? Three major sports? 、? Three major transformations? And then what? The first five-year plan? These five single concepts. Participate? Get back together? The concepts of ""are related by their internal logic or progressive relationship, or causal relationship, or inclusion relationship, or parallel relationship.
3. Characteristics of historical concepts
(1) Various concepts are objective and independent; (2) Every concept has its specific and accurate extension (quantitative attribute) and connotation (quality attribute). This is the key to master and use it; (3) The concept of history is an aspect of the basic knowledge of history; (4) The vertical and horizontal concept groups and their reticulation, serialization and concretization are the knowledge system of history discipline; (5) Inaccurate or confusing concepts will definitely damage the development of correct historical thinking ability.
In addition, there are many rational concepts. Semi-colonial * * * and regime? 、? Democratic revolution? 、? Reform and opening up? Wait a minute. When using it, don't dig deep into the definition, pursue the extension and study the connotation, but properly integrate with history.
Third, the ability of vertical and horizontal basic clues
History is the product of intertwined clues. The basic clue is the jumping thread in the historical organism, which is the way people know history. Thousands of vertical and horizontal clues, thousands of changes have clues. Being able to grasp and use historical clues is the ability of Kurt in history.
1. Two kinds of historical clues
In the whole history, clues are implicitly or explicitly expressed as thickness, length, distance, Chinese and foreign, master and slave, etc. There are curves, straight lines, broken lines, etc. There are political, economic, cultural, war and social processes. However, according to the nature and function, there are only two types: basic clues and non-basic clues; According to the trend, there are only two categories: vertical and horizontal. If you master the classification, you will understand the basic idea of thinking ability of this subject.
2. The triple nature of basic clues
Objectivity is paramount. Subjectivity is the cognition of teachers and students to it (that is? Manage clues? )。 Relativity refers to the time and space limitation of its beginning and end and the specific scope of its efficacy. Only by combining the three can we grasp and use them well.
3. Three functions of basic clues
(1) connects the context and the past, reflecting the internal relationship; (2) Implement the content and key points, grasp the outline and weave the net; (3) Clear the trend and destination, and reveal the law of change. The vertical and horizontal functions can make the subject's ability beat with the pulse of history.
4. Two misunderstandings about basic clues
Textbooks? Introduction? This is not a basic clue, so you can't make a mistake. Some teaching reference books have written basic clues? Content introduction? Or? Content tips? Or? Content summary? , is not desirable. When expressing basic clues in a standardized way, it must be condensed into one sentence or several sentences. The key point that is criss-crossed by basic clues is not the basic clues themselves.
Fourth, the ability to use basic ideas.
The core and soul of historical thinking ability are the basic concepts of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Without a correct viewpoint, of course, there is no correct historical thinking ability.
In recent years, all provinces, counties and cities have issued examination papers for senior three, reflecting the actual level of most schools at present. But the requirements for ability and quality in class can and should be three or two higher than it? Turn around? . It must be noted that there are not many basic ideas about junior high school students' reserve. Is it necessary? Is it true?/You don't say. Make full use of teaching materials. Textbooks are the main channel for students to learn, understand and initially apply basic ideas.
The main channels for understanding and applying basic ideas in this textbook are:
1. Basic viewpoints of dialectical materialism and historical materialism
The basic viewpoints of dialectical materialism mainly include: principal contradiction and secondary contradiction, cause and effect, individuality and individuality, form and content, phenomenon and essence. The basic viewpoints of historical materialism mainly include: the viewpoint of inheritance and development, the viewpoint of progress and twists and turns, productivity and relations of production (more obvious in modern history), economic base and superstructure, class and class struggle, the position and role of people and individuals, and the position and role of political parties and their leaders.
2. The basic viewpoint of history discipline
Mainly includes: patriotism and internationalism, starting from the basic national conditions and specific national conditions, combining political power with political power, anti-imperialist and anti-feudal construction, and adhering to the democratic revolution. China history is an integral part of world history.
3. Cite excerpts from viewpoints
Refers to the teaching materials that quote opinions from other places as needed, but not all of them are copied. (1) refers to programs, declarations, policies and slogans; (2) quoting the speech of the characters; (3) references to works; (4) Quote qualitative and conclusions, such as? Lin Biao Group launched an armed coup? One country, two systems? Ideas? Relevant decisions of the meeting, etc.
4. History is a theoretical viewpoint.
These viewpoints (judgments and conclusions) are refined and summarized by textbook editors according to the necessary historical facts and specific historical conditions under the guidance of the basic theories and viewpoints of dialectical materialism, historical materialism and historical disciplines? Specific point of view? . This textbook? Specific point of view? It is better than any current textbook (People's Education Edition). Shown in: ① Introduction; (2) Judgment in chapters, sections and objective questions; (3) Taking the article as an example, what is the establishment of yamen? Is it a sign that the central organs of the Qing Dynasty began to be semi-colonized? ,? Treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China? ; ④ In terms of nature, significance, evaluation and lessons learned. Be sure to pay attention when using:? Specific point of view? No universality, only play a specific role, only? Sit in the right position? .