Painted pottery is beautifully made, mainly argillaceous pottery, with delicate texture, which is not only a practical vessel, but also of high artistic value. Because the color painting is before firing, after firing with pottery, the color is closely combined with the pottery tire and is not easy to fall off. General forms of painting can be divided into two categories: patterns and pictures [1].
Painted pottery originated in the Neolithic Age about 10000 years ago. In the Neolithic Age, people invented the technology of burning pottery, and the farming culture was relatively fixed. There were relatively developed pottery in Guanzhong area during the old Guantai culture period around 6000 BC, and a few of them were decorated with wide ribbons at the mouth, which was the bud of painted pottery. In 5000 BC, many exquisite painted pottery were found in Yangshao cultural site in banpo village, Xi 'an, which shows that during Banpo period, people have been able to control the kiln temperature skillfully and the painting art has reached a high level.
Colored pottery
The shapes of painted pottery are basically daily necessities, such as pots, bottles, cans, urns, pots, pots and so on. And it is hard to see any other special uses in appearance. In Yangshao cultural site, two cases of reasonable burial of cinerary casket children were found. A small hole was opened in the urn, which expressed the primitive man's desire for regeneration.
Painted pottery in China was discovered relatively late (192 1 year). It has been about 84 years since its birth, but it has a history of 8,000 years. Painted pottery records the economic life, religious culture and other information in the early stage of human civilization. Painted pottery culture is widely distributed and lasts for a long time, stretching for more than 5,000 years from 8,000 years ago to 3,000 years ago, spanning Laoguantai, Yangshao, Majiayao, Dawenkou, Qujialing, Daxi, Hongshan, Qijia and other cultures, and its artistic achievements rank first in the history of painted pottery in the world. From the production technology, artistic achievements, historical value, appreciation space and many other factors, Yangshao, Majiayao and Qijia cultural painted pottery in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Dawenkou cultural painted pottery in Shandong are the most suitable for collection.
The origin of painted pottery in China has long been controversial. The fish pattern basin with a diameter of 5 1cm found in Dadiwan is the largest fish pattern basin found in China at present. It is completely different from the upper Yangshao culture. The pottery pieces are crisp in texture and uneven in color. There are almost no large pieces of pottery, and most of the funerary objects in the tomb have been broken. Excavators vividly called these pottery pieces "pastry", which shows that the pottery-making technology was relatively primitive at that time. The vessel found is very special in shape, with a small tripod at the bottom, or a bottom, or a round foot, and basically no flat-bottomed vessel. More strangely, dark red stripes were found inside and outside the mouth edge of the bowl-shaped vessel. The above characteristics undoubtedly show that they are not the Yangshao culture. Stratigraphically, this is a relic earlier than Yangshao culture. According to the determination of Peking University Archaeological Laboratory, the age of five specimens submitted for inspection is about 7300-7800 years ago, which is nearly a thousand years earlier than Yangshao culture. The discovery of Dadiwan culture not only established the early Neolithic culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, but also provided a number of precious physical materials for exploring the origin of painted pottery and agriculture. The painted pottery in Dadiwan is almost synchronized with the two earliest painted pottery basins in the world and Central Asia, indicating that the painted pottery in China originated in the Weihe River basin in the northwest.