If there is an abstract in the paper, the duplicate checking system of HowNet will repeat the abstract, and calculate its repetition rate according to the criterion that 13 characters appear continuously, including not only Chinese abstracts, but also English abstracts. Therefore, no matter what kind of abstracts users plagiarize, the repetition rate of papers will be greatly improved when searching for duplicates on HowNet. Therefore, users are advised to use original sentences when writing abstracts of papers to avoid academic misconduct such as plagiarism.

Thesis is a Chinese word, and its pinyin is lùn wén, which is a common word in classical literature and refers to conversation or exchange of ideas. Nowadays, papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short. It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges.

key word

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).