Generally, it consists of title, author, catalogue, abstract, key words, text, references and appendices. It is not only a means to discuss problems and conduct scientific research, but also a tool to describe scientific research results for academic exchange.

How to write a paper

1. The basic elements of papers published as sci-tech journals should include: title, author's signature, abstract, keywords, classification number, introduction, text, conclusion and references. Introduction, text, conclusion, thanks (if necessary) and references are the main parts. The front of it is the front part. If necessary, an appendix can be added at the back.

Second, the title is a logical combination of appropriate and concise words, which can reflect the specific content of the essay. A good title will often add a lot of color to an article and play a variety of roles, such as revealing the main content of the article and stimulating readers' interest in reading.

Third, the levels of chapters can be divided into several levels, with a dot between the numbers at all levels and no one at the end. Classification generally does not exceed 4 levels. Its correct position is written at the top of all levels. It is best not to use punctuation marks in hierarchical titles. If you can't delete it, you can break it with spaces.

Fourthly, abstract is a necessary additional part of modern scientific papers, and its detail depends on the content of the document. In abstract writing, its four elements-purpose, method, result and conclusion-can be emphasized according to the type of abstract. Chinese abstracts generally do not exceed 400 words, and purely indicative abstracts are controlled at around 200 words. A foreign language abstract does not exceed 250 substantive words.