With the rapid development of science and technology in China, it is necessary to strengthen the research on high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of apples, which is of great significance to the high-quality and high-yield of apples in China and to improve the economic benefits of fruit farmers. Let's take a look at what management is needed to improve the quality and yield of apples.
1 Orchard construction needs high standards, and the location of orchard construction has a vital impact on apple quality cultivation. If the location of the orchard is not good, no matter how perfect other cultivation techniques are, it will also have a great impact on the quality of apples. Therefore, the orchard construction must have high standards and strict management. The location of orchards should be selected in low altitude areas, and it is more suitable to open orchards in areas within 1500m. Choosing the place where the wind blows to the sun requires good irrigation standards for water conservancy projects, superior geographical location and areas with rich soil layers.
Hillside and hilly terrain is a good choice for the construction of apple orchards, and the construction of apple orchards should not take valleys and low-lying areas. This structure can make the orchard have a very good natural environment with good air circulation and light transmission, and provide the orchard with clean water for watering. The classified garbage such as fallen leaves on fruit trees in the orchard also needs to be completely removed, so that the orchard can maintain a good natural environment anytime and anywhere, which is conducive to the high-quality cultivation of apples.
Pruning apple trees regularly can greatly improve the fineness and quality of apples, give full play to the best quality of fruit trees, and thus improve the profits of apples. Therefore, in order to better develop the apple industry chain, it is very important to prune the apple trees. The pruning of apple trees should focus on the trunk. In order to select the main stem from 80 ~ 100 cm apple trees, three suitable parts and new shoots with good growth should be selected in the first layer of small crown sparse layer, and they should be shaped into the main stem.
The viewing angle is set at about 120, and the branch spacing is adjusted at about 17cm. The main pole of the second floor will also be trimmed next year. The branches of the first and second layers should be arranged in a cross, the main stem should be trimmed with a wide viewing angle, and the main stem with a small crown can be controlled at 70. When the head of the fruit tree is found to be too high, it should be pruned as early as possible to prevent the imaginary trunk grafting and the decline of the fruit tree hall.
If there are luxuriant branches and overlapping branches on the fruit trees, they should be trimmed immediately and the total number of branches should be adjusted. Only in this way can the apple tree always maintain a good flower and tree structure, and at the same time, it can prune the fruit tree in a sparse form.
3 Doing a good job in flower and fruit management For the planting of apple trees, it is far from enough to deal with technical problems only. Good management of flowers and fruits is also needed. If there is no flower and fruit management, it will have a great impact on the quality cultivation of apples. In the whole process of flower and fruit management, the best way to collect bee pollen types is to hold a flower in one hand and squeeze the receptacle tightly, so that the two flowers can be intimate.
Rub two flowers gently, and the anther will come out in generate. Wrap it in paper and put it in the refrigerator for freezing. The temperature of the refrigerator should be effectively controlled, neither too low nor too high. The second day of fruit tree flowering is the key stage of pollination, so it is necessary to master the duration of pollination immediately and choose a sunny temperature. After receiving bee pollen, pollinators should shallow the top of the style of the day, so that bee pollen can be rewarded above the top of the column. During the growth of apple in the discoloration period, it is necessary to maintain the fruit in the discoloration period, and two layers of waterproof bags are selected as the packaging bag of the fruit.
One month before harvest, take down the packaging bags. When dismantling, first dismantle the surface paper bag, and then dismantle the inner paper bag in about 7 days. After removing the surface paper bag, you should pick the leaves, that is, cut off these injured leaves and the leaves around the fruit. The last criterion of picking leaves needs to be carried out 15d before fruit harvesting.
Prevention and control of fruit tree diseases and insect pests has a serious impact on the good development of apples, so it is necessary to do a good job in pest control. Spring every year is the key time range for pest control, so we must closely focus on this time range. During the period from dead leaves to germination of apple trees, the orchard needs deep cleaning, and you can choose to spray pesticides into the orchard. Ruiwa has unique performance in controlling apple aphids, which can be sprayed once before and once after flowering.
Spraying Sareva control drugs before flowering can control underground pests, thus effectively reducing the total number of pests. At the same time, it is necessary to use carbendazim and other fungicides to effectively control black spot disease and little red dot's disease. If some chemical fertilizers can be sprayed reasonably at the temperature of precipitation, it should be noted that spraying pesticides should be mainly organic pesticides. Apples must be cultivated well in germination and growth period, and early weeding in orchards is also a main way to control fruit tree diseases and insect pests.
Conclusion Orchard construction and site selection, fruit pruning, flower and fruit management, and fruit pest control are all high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for fruit trees. The growth cycle of fruit trees is long, so cultivation techniques play a decisive role in the good growth of fruit trees. If fruit farmers master good cultivation techniques, they can effectively increase apple yield and make apple cultivation techniques popularized and effectively applied. It not only brings great economic benefits to fruit farmers, but also promotes China's economic development.