Ancient poems and famous sentences that can be widely circulated from ancient times to the present are all cultural models that have been honed by the long river of history and can stand the test. They are enduring, not only because of refined language and beautiful coordination, but also because they are worth learning from in terms of material selection, writing and skills. There are narrative, landscape writing, lyrical and ambitious contents and materials. Argumentation ... From the perspective of writing methods and skills, there are lyric by borrowing things, lyric by borrowing scenery, exaggerated realism ... They are classified, with their own characteristics and differences. In a sense, a poem is an outline of an article. Therefore, systematic training of famous ancient poems and sentences means contacting and accumulating various writing materials, learning and mastering various writing methods and skills, which shows the improvement of students' writing ability.
First, read famous poems and sentences and accumulate materials.
Lack of nutrition, dryness and nothingness are common problems of most modern students. The reason is that students lack accumulation. A clever woman can't cook without rice, and students have no ink in their bellies. How can they write beautiful articles?
As the essence of ancient literature, the famous ancient poems and sentences have not only gone through hardships in language, but also have gorgeous rhetoric and rich content, such as writing scenery, taking notes, reasoning and so on. They are the best materials for students to accumulate language. With rich accumulation, they have nothing to say and feelings to express. As the saying goes, accumulation can make them flourish. So I use the position where students collect honey books, and let students copy ten ancient poems every day.
Second, communicate poetry and prose and practice writing.
Students have accumulated, if they can't express and use it, it's just a blank sheet of paper, which has no meaning. How to let students learn to express themselves? First of all, let the students understand the meaning of the famous ancient poems they read. In order to make students better understand the contents of famous ancient poems and sentences, teachers should expand the relevant contents of famous ancient poems and sentences, such as the author, writing background, the poet's mood at that time, allusions about famous ancient poems and sentences, etc. After students deeply understand its meaning, they can carry out multi-angle training.
1, training around the paragraphs of famous sentences
The images in the famous sentences of ancient poems are vivid, but there are few descriptions of the images, and there are still many gaps, including images and emotions. This provides rich writing materials for students' practice. Teachers can use this as an organic supplement to students' compositions and practice writing selectively. In practice, teachers can provide students with rich information about famous sentences, so that they can understand poetry more deeply. After students understand the connotation of poetry, let them practice writing, expand writing, rewrite, and write what they think after reading or what they think from a poem. , thus giving students the freedom to exert their imagination. To some extent, it solves the problem of what students write. In addition, it also reduces the difficulty of writing and avoids the phenomenon that students' sentences are not fluent. After long-term training, students will fly their imagination, be full of interest, enter the poetic realm, experience feelings and produce exquisite works.
2. Give the students a paragraph and let them sum it up with a famous ancient poem that they have accumulated.
The coverage of students' exercises is getting wider and wider. If we only stay on the basis of expanding famous poems, it will be difficult to adapt to the practice of other genres. To improve students' practice level and Chinese literacy, students should not only accumulate a large number of good words and sentences, but also learn to use them on the basis of understanding. Let the students sum up a period of training with the ancient poems they have learned, so that the students can understand how to use them. Summarizing a passage from real life is actually telling students that in this case, we can use this famous saying. Over time, when students describe a picture, they will naturally think of this ancient poem sentence, avoiding lengthy and tedious narration and making students' exercises clear and concise.
Third, infiltration method, guiding composition
Famous sentences in ancient poetry can be widely circulated, not only because of gorgeous and concise rhetoric and distinctive ideas, but also because of the author's superb writing methods and skills, which directly affect the charm of ancient poetry and the development direction of China literature. How to teach composition in order to teach composition under the new curriculum, or how to let students express themselves freely? Writing methods and skills are indispensable. Everyone has his own unique expression. A sentence is the unit of an article. Seriously pondering the writing rules and skills of famous ancient poems and sentences and applying them to their own compositions will play a positive role in students' writing. For example:
1, support things and express your heart
"When you reach the top, you will see that all the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." It was written by Du Fu at the age of twenty-five. At that time, he was broad-minded and broad-minded. He writes like a tiger at the foot of Yuelu Mountain. Although he didn't "reach the peak", the true colors of Mount Tai have fallen into the eye. It expresses the poet's ambition to go forward bravely without fear of difficulties.
Step 2 write about scenery
This sentence vividly interprets the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, highlights the bright colors of the red and green rivers, and gives people a dazzling impression. Among them, there is mutual contrast between the same color and different colors, which fully shows the author's skill in using colors. It can be seen that writing landscape articles should grasp the characteristics of things and make appropriate choices.
3, borrow scenery lyric
Students are often told that the description of the environment is a portrayal of their mood, and they can express their feelings with the help of scenery. But students' own operation means that feelings belong to feelings and things belong to things. However, there are many famous sentences in ancient poetry, such as "Thinking about heaven and earth is boundless, and lonely tears fall", which is a sentence in Chen Ziang's Youzhou Tower in the Tang Dynasty.
Chen Ziang lived in the era of Wu Zetian, which was full of vigor and vitality on the whole. However, "there are no sages in the wild" has never been a lie. When Chen Ziang fled to join the army for his second life, he disagreed with the right-hand man, King Jian 'an, and his enthusiasm and talent only brought him endless depression and loneliness. It is in this context that Chen Ziang boarded Youzhou Taiwan, which has been on the battlefield for several times since ancient times, with mixed feelings, thus singing the above-mentioned swan song.
4. Narrative reasoning
"I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain" is a famous sentence inscribed by Su Shi on the wall of sairinji. It is to reason on the spot and talk about the experience of traveling to the mountains. Why can't you recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain? Located in the middle of Lushan Mountain, our vision is limited by the peaks and valleys of Lushan Mountain, and we only see one peak, one ridge, one mountain and one valley, which is only partial. This is necessarily one-sided. What we see in the mountains is often the same as observing things in the world. It inspires us to know a philosophy of dealing with people. Because people have different positions and different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided. In order to know the truth and the whole picture of things, we must go beyond the narrow scope, get rid of subjective prejudice and write a vivid and diverse landscape of Lushan Mountain.
5. Contrast and contrast
From Lu Yanrang's "Bitter Songs" in the Tang Dynasty, "How many stems and whiskers are broken when singing a word", which means that it takes a long time to think about choosing a good word and even break a few whiskers when writing a poem. This shows the pain of writing a poem. One word is in sharp contrast with several stems, which embodies the poet's creative spirit of Excellence.
Step 6 set up doubts as a souvenir
"Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " It creates a vivid picture, which is restrained before and promoted after, and the contrast is staggered, which sets each other off and becomes interesting. Asking the first sentence and answering the second sentence can guide students to set suspense in writing, arouse readers' interest in reading, and then answer their own questions naturally through the following narration, so that readers can suddenly realize.
In addition, there are many writing methods implied in the famous sentences of ancient poems. There is no need to list them one by one. Summarize the writing methods from one sentence, one sentence at a time, and carry out corresponding training. Train boring writing methods into intuitive examples and methods, which is convenient for students to imitate and practice. Because of the inherent writing and language characteristics of ancient poetry, students can avoid imitating the eight-part essay.
Fourth, with the introduction of the article, naturally.
Let the students read the famous poems and sentences of ancient poetry, so as to accumulate beautiful language and improve the literary talent of the article, and have something to write and beautiful content to express. The infiltration teaching of methods enables students to learn to express content regularly and skillfully. However, how students learn ultimately depends on their practice. How to make students really learn to use ancient poems and famous sentences to write and improve their writing level? Teachers can design special composition classes and conduct training, such as writing cherish time.
"Flowers will never bloom again, and people will never be young."
"Young people will be sad if they don't work hard."
"A year's plan lies in spring, and a lifetime's plan lies in diligence."
"Diligence is good at diligence, poor at play, successful at thinking and destroyed at following."
"Black hair doesn't know how to study early, but a bald head regrets studying late."
Let the students talk about their understanding of these famous ancient poems and sentences. With examples in life, talk about my understanding of a famous saying and discuss what happened in life. Then let the students write down examples in life and use famous sentences that cherish time appropriately. It can be the beginning, the end or the narrative in the text.
Every student's life experience of cherishing time is different, which ensures that students have something to write and provides them with the right to choose many famous ancient poems and avoid writing exactly the same. On the basis of understanding, combined with life examples, with the help of oral communication, students have methods to pave the way and learn to introduce with the article, and the article naturally comes naturally.
In the cultural history of China and even the world, China's ancient poems shine brilliantly. Every ancient poem contains the literati's deep feelings for hometown, friendship, landscape and country. "The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is it frosty already?" Expressed the poet's yearning for his hometown. "Friends of Hainei Village, Heaven is still our neighbor" conveys the poet's sincere wishes to his friends. "The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance. What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It shows the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland; "Sleeping in the middle of the night listening to the wind and rain, the iron horse sleeping in the glacier" shows the poet's heart of protecting the country and defending the country ... From primary school to middle school, we have always been accompanied by ancient poems. Please write a composition on the topic of "Ancient Poetry".
Topic focus
This is a flexible topic composition. The core of the material should take "ancient poetry" as the category, focusing on the perception and understanding of ancient poetry. Ancient poetry is an indispensable part of China culture. Without ancient poetry, China culture would lose its luster. The whole material tells us that ancient poetry is a dazzling flower in the Chinese cultural garden. We should think about the lessons and enlightenment gained from the study of ancient poetry and tell ourselves the truth.
Think for a moment.
This topic is very close to our real life. We have learned dozens of poems from primary school to middle school. Moreover, the examination of ancient poetry also accounts for a considerable proportion in the senior high school entrance examination papers. Some students regard learning ancient poetry as their interest: they love learning, love learning, and want to learn; There are still some students who don't like to learn ancient poetry, and they have a headache when they see it. Although the teacher forces them to learn, they can't recite it. It should be a successful work to show the real situation in their study and life. In addition, every ancient poem has its profound meaning, and there is always a poem that left a deep impression in your heart. It should also be appropriate to write the understanding and sentiment of this poem in different forms.
Wonderful idea platform
● Random editing: develop rich content in the form of prose and poetic language to show your profound poetry accumulation. For example, you can express your love and obsession with ancient poetry in your article. You can also extract classic sentences from ancient poems to express your unique and profound feelings.
Water drops hide the sea: written from real life. There are many beautiful sentences in ancient poetry that will give people profound enlightenment. For example, "young people will feel sad if they don't work hard", "encourage in time, time waits for no one", "don't wait and wait, your head is blank and you are sad" and so on. All these inspire people to cherish time and study hard. In our life, there are many examples of regrets when we grow up, because we didn't study hard when we were young.
● Parallelism display: in the form of parallelism paragraphs, use at least three parallelism paragraphs to reveal the characteristics of poetry and the contents worthy of in-depth study and grasp by middle school students, such as conciseness, conciseness, profound artistic conception, etc ... You should choose appropriate poems to introduce and match these characteristics.
Talking in a diary: Write a diary and talk about your unique feelings about ancient poetry, such as learning more about China's ancient customs and culture, local customs and historical allusions, and showing your personal practice of learning ancient poetry: collecting poems, seasons, landscapes, family ties, friendship, aspirations and so on.
● Magic expansion: adopt the way of traveling through time and space, break through the time and space restrictions, and interview famous ancient poets. For example, when I fell asleep reciting ancient poems, I dreamed that I met the poet Li Bai and the poet Du Fu and had a heated discussion with them. ...
Narration by letter: Tell teachers and students how they feel about learning ancient poems in the form of letters, and ask how to learn ancient poems.
● Fable deduction: take "ancient poetry" as the leading role, let it speak, let it tell people about its development history, let it tell people about the living conditions of those famous poets in ancient China, let it tell middle school students about the significance and role of learning ancient poetry today, and let "ancient poetry" visit people to understand people's understanding of ancient poetry and call on people to learn ancient poetry and pay attention to ancient literature.